Occupational Therapy Models Application

This report discusses the identification of relevant occupations for a client, selection of appropriate and inappropriate conceptual models of practice, and challenges faced while implementing these models in occupational therapy. The report focuses on the CMOP-E model and its three components, namely performance, occupation, and environment.

Occupational Therapy
Models Application

Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..............................................................................................................................................3
Present the client as an occupational being by identifying and describing two relevant occupations for
the client..................................................................................................................................................3
Select and justify which of the following conceptual models of practice: MOHO, CMOP-E, PEOP or
Kawa would be the most appropriate one to support the simulated client’s occupational engagement....4
From the selected model, apply the 4 key concepts/constructs to understand and explain how these
apply to the client....................................................................................................................................4
Select and justify which of the following conceptual models of practice: MOHO, CMOP-E, PEOP or
Kawa would be the least appropriate one to support the simulated client’s occupational performance or
engagement..............................................................................................................................................6
Provide a critical reflection regarding the main challenges to implement conceptual models of practice
in occupational therapy............................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The occupational therapy is the profession in healthcare unit wherein the therapist work
with the people who facing mental health issues, injuries, disabilities as well as impairments. The
therapist are the one who helps the people in their whole lifespan to participate in things which
they need and want to do through therapeutic use of the everyday occupations or activities
(Bailliard and et. al., (2020)). This report is based on the case wherein the occupation for client
will be described, the conceptual model of occupational therapy which is most as well as least
suitable and the reflection on challenges faced when implementing the model.
MAIN BODY
Present the client as an occupational being by identifying and describing two relevant
occupations for the client.
As Fern has been facing many difficulties while living as a nomadland, there are different
occupations which are being identified for her in the occupational therapy so that she can live her
life with less or no issues or difficulties. The two occupations identified for her are as follows-
 Instrumental activities of daily living which mainly includes the activities which
supports the daily life in the community and home which requires often the more
complex interactions as compared to the activities which are for daily living. Some of its
examples which Fern can learn from this occupation include driving and the community
mobility, safety as well as emergency maintenance, etc. (Howe, Sheu & Hinojosa,
(2018)). The difficulty which are faced by Fern includes the road survival skills. The
major difficulty faced by Fern at the time when her tyre burst and she do not have spare
so she ask for the help with Swankie. Fern have lack of road survival skills which
becomes problematic for her to survive as the nomad.
 Financial management is also one of the occupation which must be relevant for Fern as
she has struggled to fund the job which makes her financially insecure and instable. This
occupation will help in learning her with planning and managing the funds so that in case
any emergency arises, she has sufficient money to tackle it (Bennett and et. al., (2017)).

For instance, one such difficulty faced by her during her journey as nomad was that when
her van broke down in the middle of day, she struggled to manage the finances for its
repair. She was unable to make a borrow for the money so due to this, she was forced to
visit her sister for the money. This made her dependent and also made her realise her
dependency on others due to lack of money.
Select and justify which of the following conceptual models of practice: MOHO, CMOP-
E, PEOP or Kawa would be the most appropriate one to support the simulated client’s
occupational engagement.
There are different conceptual model of the practice in the occupational therapy of which
the first is CMOP-E which means the Canadian Model of Occupational performance which
involves three components such as environment, person as well as occupation. The inner part of
it mainly represents the person and the center of it is spirituality of person. The CMOP-E covers
the concept of occupational engagement and mainly goes beyond the occupational performance.
This model must be used in the case the client’s occupational engagement as it will help in
promoting its engagement in the occupation so that she can learn new things and get prepared to
overcome the difficulties which may arise at the time of her journey as nomad. The main aim of
this model of practice is that is mainly aimed to promote the client centric practice and view of
profession that the occupation is core domain of the concern. This strengthen role of the
occupational therapy (Watson (2021)). When this conceptual model will be applied on Fern, it
will enable her to learn the occupation so that she can get prepared for her journey in the
nomadland. By using this model, the occupational therapist will be put all their focus on the
client and try to engage her in the therapy.
From the selected model, apply the 4 key concepts/constructs to understand and explain
how these apply to the client.
There are mainly three components of the CMOP-E model which includes the following-
 Occupation: This component includes self-care, leisure as well as productivity. Self- care
can be defined as the occupations for the aim to look after self. The productivity is
referred to and the occupation which makes the economic as well as social contribution
or may be to provide for the economic sustenance. The leisure can be defined as thw

occupation for the enjoyment. As Fern has been facing some of the difficulty due to her
financial instability which is because of her job, she must engaged in the productivity
section wherein the social as well as economic contribution can be done for her and she
can learn to manage it. This must be the primary concern for the therapist as it must focus
on the social and economic contribution for client so that it can learn to survive (Liu,
Chang & Chang, (2018)). As Fern has faced major difficulty relating to road survival and
financial management so one of the best practice for the client can be to make her focus
shift on the occupation wherein she is focusing on her self-care and productivity so that
she can become financial stable to overcome the problems which may arise during her
nomadland journey. For example, as Fern travels place to place in her van so it is
essential that she has sufficient arrangements being made to look after herself as well as
her security so that she can survive on road. This includes the arrangements for the spare
tyre in case of puncture, repairs of van in case it broke down, etc. The occupational
therapist can focus on the productivity sub-component so that it can the client can be
made socially and emotionally strong and active which will help her to become socially
active which will help her to make her survival. Fern has been social but it is essential
that she do not hesitate to talk to anyone in case of any problem.
 Performance: it includes three components in it such as affective whose domain
comprises of the all emotional and social functions and also includes the intrapersonal as
well as interpersonal factors. The second one is physical whose domain consists of
sensory, sensori- motors and motor functions. The third is cognitive wherein the domain
consists of all the mental functions both the intellectual and cognitive and also includes
perception, concentration, comprehension, memory, reasoning and judgement. The
occupational therapist are very much familiar with its three components but spiritual
component which is the central of this model offers some additional challenges and also
continues to the lack of the consistent definition. The position of it is justified as the
spirituality mainly resides in the person which is shaped by environment and then gives
the meaning to the occupation (Guy and et. al., (2020)). The component spirituality is
very much essential for the maintenance of life and it may remain the primary concern
for the therapist. In case of Fern, the occupational therapist must focus on its feelings,
thinking and doing so that it can help her to maintain her life. As Fern is all alone in her

life due to her husband as well as son being dead but her determination to stay
independent makes her strong enough emotionally that she is living alone in a van and
living a life of namadland. The main concern for therapist must be to make Fern
emotionally more strong to fight her inabilities so that she can learn the instrumental
activities of daily life as well as overcome her financial instability. This will help her to
grow and develop.
 Environment: The revised version of CMOP model comprises of the physical, social and
cultural environment but has also encompassed legal, economic as well as political
environment in an institutional environment. As every individual has different set of
cultures and the cultural environment is subject to fluctuation which is distinct for each of
the individual. There may be issues which may arise between the occupational therapist
as well as Fern due to difference in values, patterns, customs but the therapist must make
sure that it makes balance with the belief of client so that there is no difference of opinion
between them. The social environment comprises of social groups like friends, co-
workers and family. This may become the hurdle in limiting the engagement in the
occupation. There are other environments as well which affects the occupational therapy
but the therapist must have access to these and make sure that these environment turn out
to be advantageous for the client (Allen & Toth-Cohen, (2019)). This component is often
under used by the therapist so it is essential that in this case of Fern, it is altered and
evaluated so that the people can function with their best of abilities. It is essential to give
importance to both occupation as well as environment so that there is no hurdle being
created in order manage the client and the therapist must make sure that it takes care of
the physical, economic and social environment. The client’s cognitive, physical and
affective abilities in its environment must be looked upon so that its spiritual nature is
being embedded.
Select and justify which of the following conceptual models of practice: MOHO, CMOP-
E, PEOP or Kawa would be the least appropriate one to support the simulated client’s
occupational performance or engagement.
The model of the human occupation is an essential framework which is being woven in
the fabric of the occupational therapy. It makes use of the top down holistic approach in order to

look at individual, the meaningful activities of it or the occupations and the relationship of it with
its environment. The main aim of this model is to explain the aspects of making the engagement
of the client in occupation and also how the disability as well as illness related issues arises.
There are mainly three key components to it which includes volition which is meant as
motivation, habituation which includes patterns, roles and habit and lastly performance
(Friedman & VanPuymbrouck, (2021)). This is the least suitable model in case of Fern as it is
based on the open system theory which provides that the individual is a system of self-
organization in the interaction with environment wherein the people interact with its environment
by way of occupation and then receive the output and input. This is not applicable in the case of
Fern as the key to its understanding all all components are dynamic and when part of it changes,
the whole dynamic can shift in unhealthy or healthy way the client.
Provide a critical reflection regarding the main challenges to implement conceptual
models of practice in occupational therapy
When making the application of the conceptual model of the practice in the occupational
therapy, I felt very glad and happy that I got to receive this opportunity. There were many
challenges which I faced when implementing the CMOP-E model in the occupational therapy for
Fern but these were overcome by me in some or the other way. The biggest hurdle was to
identify the challenges of distinct environment which may arise at the time of providing therapy
as I was unaware of the cultures, values and belief system of Fern. So it was difficult for me to
make sure that I do not conduct any such act which may hurt the sentiments or belief of her. But
I was successful in it as Fern was cooperative enough in the therapy and I overcome this
challenge. The other challenge was relating to identification of the occupation of Fern as I was
mainly focused on engaging her in the instrumental activities pf daily lives as such to make her
capable for road survival skills. She was weak in managing her chores relating to road safety,
van equipment, etc. so I enable myself to make my focus shift towards the development of such
skills which can make her nomadland journey easy in the van. My next challenge was mainly to
make her engagement throughout the therapy as the core aim of this framework model was to
promote the client engagement and by making use of this, it was essential to make sure this. The
biggest hurdle in making the continuous engagement of Fern was to make sure that I do not hurt
the cultural belief of her and also to take care of different environment such as physical or

economic so that the client can feel comfortable and relaxed during the therapy. Hence, I can say
that the implementation of CMOP-E model was quite difficult for me but turned out to be
successful in this case as it brings altogether the occupation for the client to ensure its
engagement in therapy.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from this report that occupational therapy can be defined as profession in
the healthcare sector which is mainly used in assessment and intervention in order to develop,
maintain and recover the meaningful activities or the occupations. The CMOP-E model is the
conceptual framework of the occupational therapy which is focused on client and its
engagement. This framework comprises of three components, namely performance, occupation
and environment. There are other different models as well such as Model of human occupation
which has three elements volition, performance and habituation.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Allen, D. D., & Toth-Cohen, S. (2019). Use of case studies to promote critical thinking in
occupational therapy students. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. 3(3). 9.
Bailliard, A. L., and et. al., (2020). Doing occupational justice: A central dimension of everyday
occupational therapy practice. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 87(2). 144-
152.
Bennett, S., and et. al., (2017). Simulation in occupational therapy curricula: A literature
review. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 64(4). 314-327.
Friedman, C., & VanPuymbrouck, L. (2021). Impact of occupational therapy education on
students’ disability attitudes: A longitudinal study. The American Journal of
Occupational Therapy. 75(4).
Guy, L., and et. al., (2020). Reflective practice facilitation within occupational therapy
supervision processes: A mixed method study. Australian occupational therapy
journal. 67(4). 320-329.
Howe, T. H., Sheu, C. F., & Hinojosa, J. (2018). Teaching theory in occupational therapy using a
cooperative learning: A mixed-methods study. Journal of allied health. 47(1). 66-71.
Liu, C. J., Chang, W. P., & Chang, M. C. (2018). Occupational therapy interventions to improve
activities of daily living for community-dwelling older adults: A systematic
review. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 72(4). 7204190060p1-
7204190060p11.
Watson, J. (2021). Research priorities for occupational therapy in the UK.