Occupational Health

Running Head: OCUPPATIONAL HEALTH 0
Business Research Methodology
Student Details
12/25/2018

Occupational Health 1
Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Theoretical Justification.............................................................................................................2
Job Demands..........................................................................................................................2
Job Resources.........................................................................................................................3
Spiritual Resources.................................................................................................................3
Job Burnout............................................................................................................................4
Work Engagement..................................................................................................................4
Emotional Ill-Health...............................................................................................................4
Job Resources and Work Engagement Relationship..............................................................5
Job Demands and Burnout Relationship................................................................................5
Job Resources and Work Engagement Relationship..............................................................6
Co-relation between Job Demands, Resources, Burnout and Engagement...........................6
Job Demand-Resource (JD-R) Model........................................................................................7
Multiple Job Demands and their Interaction Effects..................................................................9
Direct and Indirect Effects of Job Demands........................................................................10
Mediating role of Burnout................................................................................................11
Conclusion................................................................................................................................12
References................................................................................................................................13

Occupational Health 2
Introduction
Today, competition among organizations is increasing due to the increase in global
economy. This has created a difficulty for organizations in order to maintain their success and
growth. To achieve the objective of the organizations and to compete with its business
rivalries, organizations are pressurizing its employees. This increased in job demands from
the employees is affecting their mental and physical health. Recent studies on maintenance of
employee performance and health have showed both positive and negative impacts of the job
experiences on mental health of employees. It is also described in studies how identified job
resources and job demands are directly linked with emotional and psychological health of
employees (De Beer, Rothmann Jr, & Pienaar, 2012). Thus, these potential stressors also
impact not only health of employees but also results in reduction of their performance and
productivity which ultimately results in affecting growth and productivity of the organization.
Therefore, satisfaction and health of workers are salient features for every organization. In
order to meet the increasing demands of managing and performing their job responsibilities,
employees have to deal with increasingly changing job environment, adjust themselves with
complex careers, and remain healthy and motivated. This requires employees to get relevant
resources to successfully manage their career and work (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004).
Theoretical Justification
Job Demands
Demands can be defined as things that need to be done. When it comes to job, clearly
all jobs require something has to be done by employees that lead to organization growth. Job
demand aspects are those social, physical, organizational, and psychological of job that

Occupational Health 3
demand psychological and physical sustaining efforts and therefore, result in certain kind of
psychological and physical costs (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004). Job demands are divided into
variety of different ways and several categories. But generally there are four kinds of job
demands: cognitive demands include the process of brain involved in information processing
that is difficulty level of work; quantitative demands include workload and time pressure;
emotional demands includes efforts that are required in order to deal with organizationally
desired emotions; and physical demands which includes musculoskeletal system to complete
the job task that is static and dynamic loads (Verbruggen, 2009).
Job Resources
Job resources are means which include social, psychological, physical and
organizational aspects; minimize job demands and the related psychological and
psychological costs, helps in fulfilling work objectives, encourage personal learning, growth,
and development. Job resources are important to meet the job demands, to get the things
done, and are important in their own right. Similar to job demand, job resources comprise
three components: emotional, cognitive, and physical. Emotional component are affection
and sympathy from colleagues, cognitive component are information from handbooks and
colleagues, and physical component are ergonomic aids (Ahola, 2007).
Spiritual Resources
Spiritual resources are distinct category of personal resources. Religious workers
believe that the spiritual resources help in promoting lower exhaustion and better work
engagement. This results in meditating on emotional ill health and reduced turnover
intentions. Researches on these resources focus on absence of well-being and psychological
stress. One’s spiritual life provide additional personal resources which help in increasing
motivation for job and also prevent exhaustion and costs associated with it (Baka, 2015).