A Review of the Indispensable Role of Offender Profiling in Policing

This essay explores the significant role of offender profiling, also known as criminal profiling, in modern policing and criminal justice systems. It highlights how offender profiling serves as an investigative strategy, aiding law enforcement agencies in analyzing suspects, linking cases, and understanding criminal behavior. The essay discusses key assumptions such as behavioral consistency and homology, emphasizing the importance of integrating psychological research into criminal investigations. It examines the practical applications of offender profiling in evaluating crime scenes, victimology, and preliminary police reports to develop comprehensive offender profiles. Furthermore, the essay addresses the impact of offender profiling on society, focusing on its role in identifying serial offenders, maintaining public safety, and promoting a positive perception of the criminal justice system. The analysis includes legal perspectives, referencing case laws to illustrate the admissibility and reliability of expert evidence in offender profiling, concluding that offender profiling is a valuable tool for enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of criminal investigations and fostering a safer community.

Review the role that
offender profiling can
play in policing

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.......................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Psychology and criminal justice is an important method through which helps in
analyzation of individuals personal behaviour. Offender profiling is also being termed as
criminal profiling as it is a strategy that is being used for investigative purpose with the help
of enforcement of important laws and agencies that help out to analyse the suspects that are
being used for general investigation through which cases can be linked in order to know
about the cases and their committing issues. It is an important psychological research which
helps out to maintain the criminal investigations and also to analyse the criminal behaviour
and assumptions (Rassin, 2018). This essay will cover offender profiling with their role in
policing and the impact of offender profiling on society
MAIN BODY
Offender profiling is a well-known method which can also be known as criminal
profiling as it helps out to make investigative strategy in an easy approach with law
enforcement and various aspects. It is mainly a process of using available information for all
the crime incidents, scenes and about victim in order to make a profile of an unknown
perpetrator. It is a criminal shadow as when a criminal used to leave their psychological
traces and various pattern in their behaviour through which an indication can be made about
their personality and behaviour. Offender profiling is mainly an educated attempt in order to
maintain and provide all the investigative agencies relevant and important information about
a particular individual who have committed certain crime (Ginton, 2020). As in the offender
profiling is an important crime investigation technique that is being helpful in order to gather
the relevant and important information about that kind suspected scene, autopsy report and all
the witness and victim. This used to provide out a proper detailed knowledge about the
scenario. As it is a complimentary technique that is being used when no physical traces were
being left in any of the crime scene. This is an important method as it helps out to suspect the
identification and also to identify person’s mental, emotional and personality with their
characteristics. Offender profiling majorly focus on two important assumptions they are like
their behavioural consistency and homology.
Behaviour consistency is an idea that analyse knowledge about offenders crime
which use to have some similarities to one another and they usually cover out some usual
and similar contextual behaviour (Thum, 2019). Whereas homology is mainly idea that can
be made by all the similar crimes which were being committed by the similar offenders. This

usually provides out a fundamental assumption regarding the offender profiling and all the
advances that are being related to the outdated psychology and their behavioural approach. It
provides an extensive experience and also an identification about the criminal profilers and
their investigations. All the major law enforcement agents used to focus on criminal profiling
and also determines all the profile which were accurate (Canter, and Alison, 2018).
Offender profiling plays an important role in policing as this mainly involves
evaluation of all the criminal acts that has been happen in the general places with all the
comprehensive evaluation that can be analysed and also been specified about the crime
scenes and victims. It evaluates all the preliminary police reports that were being made and
the police and thereby take additional steps with the help of medical examiners and also
evaluates with general protocols. It plays an important role in policing as it helps out to
develop a profile about a critical offender and all the important characteristics were being
analysed under it through which a proper investigation can be made and an important
investigative suggestion can be predicted regarding the offenders with the construction of
profile. It provides a systematic approach and examination through which a proper
investigation can be analysed about the characteristics of offenders and their behaviour. This
mainly helps out to investigate all the serial crimes to policing and also focus on gathering the
information (Snook, and et. al.,2017). The major law enforcement agencies use technical
advancement and computerised system in order to investigate about the crimes. Offender
profiling helps out the policing to gather and make a proper investigate about the cases with a
proper systematic approach as they helps out to generate the system alerts and also to
elaborate about the crime analysis and their systems by extensively collecting the data about
the attempts, assaults and all the unidentified region for homicide victims.
Offender profiling is an important technique used by FBI and all the criminal justice
systems in order to remove the violent crimes and also to identify different behavioural
characteristics and personality of offender. As they used to conduct different works and also
focus on all the criminal activities like murder, rape, robbery etc. As the action taken by
criminal profiling is mainly dependent on the study of person who has done the offence. It is
mainly an effective process as it provides out the accuracy and the methods through which a
proper result can be analysed regarding to the offences that can arise in society. This is a
criminal investigative analysis CIA and also a psychology which helps out to study the
investigative approach with the diagnostic evaluation (Ricciardelli, 2018). It mainly involves
inputs of profiling with proper implementation of decision Process, crime assessment which

analyse the ratings and the reason for the crime with the investigation and apprehensions that
can be taken place in the different areas. It mainly promotes and helps the police in several
methods by implementing certain strategies and rules with a proper tool that helps out to
analyse and evaluate the behaviour of her offender and their methods of engaging in criminal
activities.
Criminal profiling plays the major impact on the society as it is an important method
which is being used for the law enforcement and is an analyse tool used for solving the crime
and criminal matters by properly investigating and also by indicating the person image and
behaviour who has committed crime. This mainly focus on the personality and the
characteristics of an individual. This helps out to remove the serial offenders from the society
and to maintain a peaceful environment over there by implementing all the analysis and
connection between the crimes (Watson, and et. al., 2017).
As in case Folkes v. Chadd, court held that All the expert witness used to have an
impressive scientific knowledge and qualification as it does not usually cover out the fact
alone in order to make the opinion on all the matter for human nature and behaviour.There
are certain boundaries for admissibility of all the expert evidence in England. As in UK all
such offender profiling was being generally used as a field of knowledge and was seem to be
effectively reliable (Curtice, and Behlendorf, 2021). In case of R v. Robb Court held that, all
the general acceptance is not a condition for expert testimony and admissibility. And the
expert will have to be qualified for all the experience in training with the methods and he
supplemented areas and forms.
Thus, offender profiling creates a major impact on policing and society as it is increased over
years and has also helped out in maintaining the accuracy of investigation. It mainly provides
a proper network to read the criminal minds and also is an important tool for investigating the
crimes (Rosenbaum, and McCarty, 2017). This promotes a positive approach as by providing
information that is being given to them and to maintain and analyse all the different and
difficult situations. It provides out a method through which a proper research can be made
regarding the perspective, background, demographic changes and the professional areas of a
person and it also helps out to measure the highlighting issues through which a profiling
accuracy can be maintained. They serve out an important impact on the society as it is a
feasible timeline and also overcome the potential challenges that has been made and
anticipated in the above areas. This provides confidentiality and also ensure to keep safety

measures for the society and also to analyse the confidentiality by maintaining the
analyzation, collection and all the reporting in a secure and standard manner. This make the
people to be trusted over investigation branch and also helps out to make the reluctant
approach and a positive attitude toward the criminal justice system in the country. It also
promotes psychological event and also analyse the effective areas through which profiling
can be utilised and can also favour the accuracy and introduction of criminal offences. It
generally provides an important methods and techniques and also a supervision through
which society can feel safer with the help of offender profiling and by investigation police
can also give confidence in the society and in public in a general means. It helps out in
removing crime and also promotes peace and growth (solomon, 2018).
Thus, offender profiling helps out to promote and help to maintain the stability in the
environment by analysing all the methods and the ways through which the offences and the
crime can be removed from the society and the police can maintain the peace and harmony in
the society and can also remove crime and criminal activities with the help of offender
profiling.
CONCLUSION
From this above essay it is concluded that offender profiling is an important
investigative strategy and a tool which helps out to identify the suspects and also helps the
investigator in order to link the cases with all the repeaters who had committed the crimes.
This mainly helps out to predict and identify the offenders for all their future actions.
Offender profiling play an important role in policing as they help out the police to investigate
the matter in a proper manner and also provide them proper and easy steps through which
they can implement certain strategies to know about the crime being conducted. This mainly
impact the society as it helps out to create a positive approach in the environment and also to
remove the threat and fear of crimes from the society.
REFERENCES
Canter, D.V. and Alison, L.J. eds., 2018. Profiling property crimes. Routledge.
Curtice, T.B. and Behlendorf, B., 2021. Street-level repression: Protest, policing, and dissent
in Uganda. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 65(1), pp.166-194.
Ginton, A., 2020. A critical examination of Iacono and Ben‐Shakhar’s critique of Ginton’s
innovative technique for estimating polygraph CQT accuracy in real‐life cases.
Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 17(3), pp.296-309.

Rassin, E., 2018. Reducing tunnel vision with a pen‐and‐paper tool for the weighting of
criminal evidence. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling,
15(2), pp.227-233.
Ricciardelli, R., 2018. “Risk it out, risk it out”: occupational and organizational stresses in
rural policing. Police Quarterly, 21(4), pp.415-439.
Rosenbaum, D.P. and McCarty, W.P., 2017. Organizational justice and officer “buy in” in
American policing. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies &
Management.
Snook, and et. al.,2017. Predicting the home location of serial offenders: A preliminary
comparison of the accuracy of human judges with a geographic profiling system. In
Applications of geographical offender profiling (pp. 221-232). Routledge.
Solomon, N., 2018. Redefining the psychological autopsy: A proposal for collaboration
between forensic pathology and investigative psychology. Journal of investigative
psychology and offender profiling, 15(1), pp.46-50.
Thuma, E.L., 2019. All our trials: Prisons, policing, and the feminist fight to end violence.
University of Illinois Press.
Watson, and et. al., 2017. The crisis intervention team (CIT) model: An evidence‐based
policing practice?. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 35(5-6), pp.431-441.