Assignment On The Oil Palm Tree

SOCIOLOGY

Oil Palm Tree
The oil palm has originated from equatorial tropical region of Africa, which exist in wild
type. It is mostly found in southern latitudes of Liberia, Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon,
and Angola. This oil palm consists of both outer and smooth surface, which is fibrous
and pulp rich. The hard out surface protects the seed. Palm oil is edible vegetable oil
of fruit, which is African oil palm and less extended to American oil palm. The oil
palm extensively at central and west Africa, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Every tree can
give 10 tonnes of total fresh fruit bunch, which generates 3.9 tonnes of crude palm oil
and 0.5 tonnes of palm oil per hectare. In 2015, nations with highest consumption of
Indonesia, Malaysia, and India, which together comprises of total consumption. Palm
oil has high-saturated content fat that is harmful for cardiovascular health that has
appropriate balance diet. Palm oil does not have any incremental risks for the
cardiovascular diseases but it is recommend using olive oil for cooking. Oil palm is
used in making soaps, candles, biofuels, lubrication greases, coating iron plates and
processing tinplate, which is used to manufacture edible products such as ice cream,
cookies, bread, chocolate confections, and in pharmaceuticals. Use of palm oil in the
food products, which have attracted the concern of environmental activist, high oil
yielding of trees, which have encouraged wide range of cultivation that lead to
cleaning of forests to make space for palm trees. Synthetic palm oil can be made by
carbon containing waste with the assistance of yeast.
Palm oil industry has both positive and negative effect on workers, residential of palm oil
production communities and indigenous opportunities. Palm production avails
employment opportunities, improve infrastructure, reduce poverty, and social
services. Oil palm plantation has developed lands and compensation for the
indigenous people to create higher opportunities. Social initiatives will include palm

oils as a part of poverty alleviation strategies, which has finally improved income and
diet for local population (Aziz et al., 2019).
Oil palm tree can reach 60-80 feet in height, which is rarely more than 20 and 30 feet while
cultivating (Zahrina, Nasikin, Krisanti, & Mulia, 2018). Leafs are persistent and they
are arranged truck of mature palm. Leaves are 25 feet lengthy about 3-4 feet long and
2 feet wide. Oil palm are both male and female identified through leaf axils. The size
of fruit is nearly 1” to 2” and obovoid in its shape. Mesocarp is an element of palm
oil, which is oily and fibrous, and colour of seed is opaque white. The female
inflorescence contains nearly 200-300 fruits and set is nearly 50-70%. Dietary
elements such as water, calories, vitamin A, niacin, Vitamin C, Crude fibre, fat,
protein, carbohydrates, iron, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium. The processing for
oil extraction is quite complex, which has been carried by large mills, which may
process 60 tons of fruit every hour (Kushairi, Singh, &Abdullah, 2017). Small-scale
mills in the rural village, which produce about 1 ton of oil in eight hour shift. Oil
extraction procedure, which follow a particular process, which starts from steam
cleansing, inactivates lipase enzymes, which kills microorganisms that produce free
fatty acids (Kushairi, Singh, & Abdullah, 2017). The process continuation to stripe
from bunches, crushing, heating of fruits, digestion, palm oil clarification, separation
fibre from endocarp, and oil extraction. The processing and oil extraction generates
macerated fruit, palm oil clarification, separating fibre, drying, grading and through
hydraulic pressing. The stage of separation incurs endocarp from kernel, kernel drying
and then packaging (Sheaves, Johnston, Miller, & Nelson, 2018). With an aim to
remove the pigments, free fatty acids, deodorise, and phospholipids. At last, the final
product will be refined, deodorized, and bleached palm oil is produced. According to
Guardian, it is quite extraordinary complex to make sure where palm oil has been

sustainably produced. With hundreds of suppliers with formulation and derivatives, it
is seen that palm oil has most complicated supply chain (Zahrina, Nasikin, Krisanti, &
Mulia, 2018). A product will be defined as certified sustainable labels when 99
percent of palm oil, which includes freshly, deforested land. Manufacturing of retail
items will hike to higher levels because retailers will offer certified palm oils at higher
price (Reddy et al., 2019). Palm oil is one of the most globally present, which is the
perfect ingredient for several industries, appropriate commodity for globalised
economy, and perfect export ingredient for developing nations, which will link
different economies (Tullis, 2019).

References
Tullis, P., (2019). How the world got hooked on palm oil. Retrieved from:
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/feb/19/palm-oil-ingredient-biscuits-
shampoo-environmental
Reddy, M. T., Kalpana, M., Sivaraj, N., Kamala, V., Pandravada, S. R., & Sunil, N. (2019).
Indigenous Traditional Knowledge on Health and Equitable Benefits of Oil Palm
(Elaeis spp.). Open Access Library Journal, 6(1), 1-25.
Sheaves, M., Johnston, R., Miller, K., & Nelson, P. N. (2018). Impact of oil palm
development on the integrity of riparian vegetation of a tropical coastal
landscape. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 262, 1-10.
Kushairi, A., Singh, R., & Ong-Abdullah, M. (2017). The oil palm industry in Malaysia:
thriving with transformative technologies. J Oil Palm Res, 29(4), 431-439.
Zahrina, I., Nasikin, M., Krisanti, E., & Mulia, K. (2018). Deacidification of palm oil using
betaine monohydrate-based natural deep eutectic solvents. Food chemistry, 240, 490-
495.
Aziz, M. K. A., Okayama, T., Kose, R., Morad, N. A., Muhamad, N. B. N., Mansor, M. R.
B., & Panau, F. (2019). Green Extraction Process for Oil Recovery Using Bioethanol.
In Green Technologies for the Oil Palm Industry (pp. 57-70). Springer, Singapore.