Oil Slicks using MODIS and SAR Imagery

This presentation discusses the detection and prevention of oil slicks using MODIS and SAR imagery. It covers the pros and cons of both methods, their detection techniques, and their applications in various fields such as oceanography, agriculture, and water quality monitoring. The presentation also highlights the reasons for oil slicks and the usefulness of SAR and MODIS technologies.

Oil Slicks using MODIS and SAR Imagery

 Oil pollution cause excessive damage to terrestrial ecosystems and
marine.
 The source of this pollution including leakage from oil transportation, accidents
on oil platforms, atmospheric deposition, and seepage from natural seeps.
Oil Slick and its effects

Detecting Oil Spills With MODIS
MODIS:-
• MODIS is an extensive
program design to deliver
daily coverage of the earth by
using two satellites.
• MODIS Sensors is carried on
both the Terra and Aqua
satellites.
• It is useful to track
atmospheres, land and
oceans.

 Pros:-
 Image cover more area.
 Provide frequent Visits in a period
of time
 Lots of bands to work with
 Can use IR ands to somewhat
mitigate cloud cover
Pros and Cons of MODIS
Cons:-
Low Spatial resolution.
Reflected wavelengths of oil may vary
based on condition.

MODIS method
 The use of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Sprectroradiometer
(MODIS) is required for the analyzing of the data and the putting
forward of the data that is produced by the passive optical sensors
that are present.
 The MODIS structure involve the use of mainly three thresholds.
The three thresholds involve the by index threshold, by value and
by function.

Detection of Slick
 Testing MODIS for mapping the oil slick
 The main purpose is to emits oil thermal energy from 8-14
micrometers.
 First figure provides index developed using blue , the oil and
wavelength.
 Second figure provides composite using bands ,31, 29 which identifies
the oil.

Detecting Oil Spills With SAR
 SAR is the most used technique for
successfully detect oil slick.
 Lot of space borne sensors are bused
for oil spill monitoring such as visible
but SAR is the effective one.
 Oil slick detection by SAR image DARK
formation detection features
extraction and classification
algorithms.

SAR Method
Satellite Monitoring:
 The use of the remote sensing satellites can be made in order to check the oil slicks that taken place.
 This process is characterized by the altitude, the obit and the sensor of the detection device.
 The use of the satellite monitoring helps in the extension of the range of application to large altitude.
Airborne Monitoring:
 The Airborne monitoring is an oil spill monitoring method that can be used in order to prevent the oil slicks that is
occurring in excess.
 The use of this method helps in the detection of the potential spillers.
 There are ultraviolet scanner, microwave sensors, laser fluorescence sensors and many other sensors that are
involved.

Comparison to SAR
 Used 250m resolution bands and some B, G and SWIR.
 Used thresholding as well as visual inspection with sunlight.
 Found that MODIS overestimated slick size by around 30% compared to SAR but allows more visits and converge.

Application of SAR
Oceanography: The use of SAR can be made in the field of oceanography. The use of the SAR can be made in this
field as the use of SAR can be made in order to calculate the spectra of the wave, the speed of the wind and the
various other characteristics that may be involved in order to calculate and predict the nature and the characteristic
of the wave and the ocean.
 The use of the technology can provide the various images and the various movements of the wind, which can
help in the calculation of the wind speed.
 The use of the technology helps in the knowing the chances of the flood. Thus, the technology is helpful with
respect to the fact that it can help in saving a large number of lives from the flood.
Agriculture: The use of the SAR technology can be extended to agriculture. The use of the technology helps in the
classification of the various crops into different sections and defines the various methodology for the proper
maintaining of the crop and the various other method in order to improve the growth and the quality of the crop.
The use of the technology helps in the knowing of the various characteristics of the crop and the characteristic of
the soil where the crop is grown.

Application of MODIS
Monitoring of Water Quality: The use of the MODIS technology can be made in order to monitor the water quality.
The use of the data that is presented by the MODIS technology is used in the controlling of the water quality.
The use of the MODIS principle helps in the detection of the pollution that may take place and may provide
solutions for the prevention of the pollution that is caused by the water.
The MODIS technology helps in the prediction when the possible pollution can take place and as a result of which
the prevention of the pollution of the water is possible to a large extent.
Snow Covers: The MODIS is largely responsible for the snow cover products that are produced. The MODIS presents
the automated process in which the snow covers work. The MODIS snow covers are an improvement over the
previous products that were used.
The MODIS instrument involves the integration of the large number of instruments, which is necessary for the
carrying out of the tasks performed by the snow cover.

Reason of oil slick
 There are a number of ways in which the water bodies are getting polluted.
 One of the major reasons of the pollution is the leakage of the large quantity of oil into the water bodies. The
process of the leakage of the oil into the water bodies is responsible by the various ways is called as oil slick.
 The oil slick form the major part of the water pollution. The oil slick process has to be reduced.

Usefulness of SAR
The SAR works in the principle that the SAR works as sensors, which have the capability to capture the microwaves
that are reflected from the surfaces of the various materials. The presence of the oil works as an obstacle and does
not allow the microwaves to enter. The microwaves that are returned are detected by the SAR sensors and it can
detect the presence of a coating of oil, which puts forward the presence of the oil slick. By the use of the method of
SAR the oil slick is prevented to a large extent.
Usefulness of MODIS
The other method that may be used is the MODIS method. The MODIS method is another method that is used for
the detection and the prevention of the oil slick. The MODIS has the capability to provide the measurements and
the calculations in the various dynamics which are done in large scale such as the cloud cover of the Earth, the
processes of the ocean and the process on the land. The MODIS is also responsible for the processing of the
activities of the lower atmosphere. The MODIS carries out the working by the help of the on board calibrators.
There are four calibrators that are present.

Conclusion
 The use of the various technologies are made for the reduction of the oil slick that is occurring from the ships or
from the industry waste.
 After the discussion of the various technologies that can be implemented, the best technology that can be used
is put forward and the reason why the SAR was selected as the best technology to be used is also stated. The SAR
has the properties that the other processes do not have.
 The SAR can work in conditions in which the other monitoring and detection systems cannot work. The use of the
SAR is made and it is different from the other properties as the SAR technology also applies in the changing and
the drastic weather conditions.

Reference
• Goni, G.J., Trinanes, J.A., MacFadyen, A., Streett, D., Olascoaga, M.J., Imhoff, M.L., Muller-Karger, F. and Roffer,
M.A., 2015. Variability of the Deepwater Horizon surface oil spill extent and its relationship to varying ocean
currents and extreme weather conditions. In Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of oil pollution
problems (pp. 1-22). Springer, Cham.
• Qazi, W.A., Emery, W.J. and Fox-Kemper, B., 2014. Computing ocean surface currents over the coastal California
current system using 30-min-lag sequential SAR images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote
Sensing, 52(12), pp.7559-7580.
• Ciampalini, A., Raspini, F., Bianchini, S., Tarchi, D., Vespe, M., Moretti, S. and Casagli, N., 2016. The Costa
Concordia last cruise: The first application of high frequency monitoring based on COSMO-SkyMed constellation
for wreck removal. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 112, pp.37-49.
• Mityagina, M. and Lavrova, O., 2016. Satellite survey of inner seas: Oil pollution in the Black and Caspian
Seas. Remote Sensing, 8(10), p.875.
• Kostianoy, A.G., Lavrova, O.Y. and Solovyov, D.M., 2014. Oil pollution in coastal waters of Nigeria. In Remote
Sensing of the African Seas (pp. 149-165). Springer, Dordrecht.