This study focuses on the commercialization of agriculture in the context of olive farming in the Al Jouf region of Saudi Arabia. It aims to determine the outcomes of agricultural commercialisation and agrarian change associated with olive farming in the Al Jouf region in terms of labour, livelihood, land and economic linkage. The study also identifies the key factors influencing social inequality and dispossession caused by agricultural commercialization and analyses the main models of commercialization of agriculture present in olive farming at Al Jouf. The study concludes with recommendations for developing more inclusive and sustainable pathways of commercialization of agriculture (olive farming) in Al Jouf, taking into account agrarian relations.