Human Resource Management Exam: Tech Impact & Negligence Analysis

This document presents a solution to an online Human Resource Management (HRM) exam. It covers topics such as the impact of technological changes on modern businesses, including the use of information and communication technologies in HRM, and analyzes a negligence case study involving Bancroft Academy and Caleb's parents. The solution also addresses macroeconomic indicators like GDP, unemployment rate, inflation, and balance of payments, and suggests macroeconomic policies for a hypothetical country. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of market changes, such as increased carrot profitability on the turnip market and decreased bicycle prices on the bicycle helmet market, using supply and demand analysis. The document concludes with a detailed examination of the Bancroft Academy case, focusing on the academy's and parents' potential negligence in managing Caleb's allergy, ultimately leading to his tragic death.

Online Exam HUMAN
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUESTION 1...................................................................................................................................3
A..................................................................................................................................................3
B..................................................................................................................................................3
QUESTION 2...................................................................................................................................4
A..................................................................................................................................................4
B..................................................................................................................................................5
QUESTION 4...................................................................................................................................5
(a) Discussing how technological change has impacted modern business organisation and use
and influence of information and communication technologies in HRM...................................5
QUESTION 5...................................................................................................................................8
Negligence Case Study: Bancroft Academy/Caleb’s Parents.....................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

QUESTION 1
A
The effect of equilibrium price and output in the annual market for turnips in UK following
the increase in profitability of growing carrot crops.
In case the profitability of growing carrot increase then demand of carrot will increase
from D to D1. On the other hand, supply of turnip will reduce from S to S1. Also the equilibrium
price will increase but the output will be same.
B
Effect on equilibrium price and output within monthly market for bicycle helmet in US
following a decrease in price of bicycle
Demand of carrot and supply of turnip
P
R
I
C
E
D
D1
S
S1
P1
P
Q

With the above graph it is clear that when the price of bicycle will reduce from P to P1
then the quantity demanded of bicycle helmet will also reduce from Q to Q1. Thus, it can be
stated that reduction in price of bicycle will result in reduction of bicycle helmet.
QUESTION 2
A
 GDP- this macroeconomic indicator involves the gross domestic product which is the
standard measure relating to the value added by production of good and services within
the country. This indicates how well the country is working and how much income is
being earned (Shah, Dar and Bhanumurthy, 2021). With the data it is clear that country A
is working well as there is continuous improvement in GDP of country.
 Unemployment rate- this unemployment rate is a concept which outline the percentage of
people who are unemployed within an economy. By evaluating the data, it is evident that
there is gradual decline in unemployment rate which is good for the country.
 Inflation- it is the rate which is being defined as increase in prices of goods and services
over a period of time. This can also be stated as increase in cost of living or general
increase in price level. The inflation within country A is increasing and this implies that
there is rise in general price level of the country.
Demand of bicycle helmet
Price of
bicycle P
P1
Q1 Q
D

 Balance of payment- it is being referred to as difference within the money which is
coming in country and the outflow of the money to the rest of the world. the balance of
payment highlights the negative balance which implies that there is deficit and it is not
good for the country.
With reference to the data, it can be stated that country is currently operating as expansion stage
because the GDP is growing but there is also deficit in BOP.
B
The macroeconomic policies which could be used in year 5 by the government of
Country A is as follows-
The monetary policy involves making changes within the interest rates that is reducing
the rate so that there will be more flow of money within the economy (Evans and et.al., 2018).
Hence, as a result of increase in flow of money the demand will increase resulting in increase in
sales.
With respect to fiscal policy it involves managing taxes in order to manage the operation
of economic environment so that the demand can be increased resulting in overall economic
development.
QUESTION 4
(a) Discussing how technological change has impacted modern business organisation and use
and influence of information and communication technologies in HRM
In today’s business environment, technology plays a vital role, because customers are
more attracted towards new innovative ideas and technology. With the help of technology,
people can easily assess business, and the availability of new techniques make it easier, faster
and more efficient. Due to rapid changes in technology, many business has to change their
business strategy to meet the organisational goals. As the technology has changed every business
aspects and operations, company’s has to adopt tools, methods and techniques to gain
competitive advantages.
Importance of technology in business world
New technologies have made business operations such as communication, sales and
advertisements and manufacturing process more effective for businesses in the market. with the
help of technology small businesses improve their communication processes such as websites,

apps, emails, texting. Emails where people can communicate with each other and share important
information. Social media where people can share their life stories, small businesses can sell
their goods, promotional activities can be done through videos and messages. With the help of
online payment mode and internet, Wi-Fi and 5G people can easily assess their daily routine
needs for example- online shopping and paying bills.
Positive impact includes-
Improves communication and collaborations
Communications and collaboration can help businesses to increase productivity and allow
business to make better decisions. With the help of electronic based communication systems
company and its employee share critical business information in easy and efficient manner. By
using IT equipment’s and tools business owners can send reports to executives, update each
departments about operations and connect with each other to make decisions.
Improve workplace efficiency
Information technology systems and research and development is helpful for business to
improve performance of company. IT systems can be used by company to automate routine
business tasks and projects in order to make data analysis easier and faster. This will be helpful
for them to store data in effective manner that can easily be retrieved for future requirements.
With the help of IT systems and tools, employees can easily solve problems of customers
(Wilburn and Wilburn, 2018). It can also be used to solve queries of customer questions through
emails, chat systems and other routing system that connects a clients and employees.
Impact on operating costs
Nowadays small business owners utilize technology and new innovative ideas to decrease
business operating costs. Most of them use basic software which helps them to automate back
office functions such as keeping track on operations, payroll for employees and accounting
functions. Mobile tech allows people to work from home, in which employees can operate
business task easily. with the help of emails, they can easily communicate with each other so that
proper information can be send to accomplish task.
Securing sensitive details and information related to business
With the help of technology, business owners can create safe and protected business
environment for maintaining sensitive information of customers. Many types of software

programs and business related technology are user friendly which allow company to make the
most of their tools effective and full of features.
Increase employee productivity and overall performance of staff members in the company
In the market business owners can increase their employee productivity through the
proper utilization of technology. With the help of computers, software and technical processes
business can easily operate business operations. In the firm various department can interact with
each other and work as team together to accomplish common goals (ŞAHİN and Topal, 2018).
This will ultimately build employee productivity and improves overall performance of staff
members. With the use of technology, owners can reduce the amount of human labour in
business functions. This has benefitted lots of small businesses along with employee benefits.
Business technology can have a major positive impact on employee and company’s
performance. By placing appraisal information about employee performance in an online
framework, managers can easily create goals and objective for their staff members to achieve
success and sustain business targets. Owners of the firm may also choose to expand their
business operation by using technology such as online marketing with the help of social media.
Improves Customer bases and customer satisfaction level
Those company who generally change their technology tools and use innovative ideas,
their customer base also improves. Technology allow businesses to reach new clients and
economic market, which is beneficial for reputation of firm. Websites and emails are the most
common way to reach customers in the market (Wang, Liu and Parker, 2020). for example- if a
customer’s wants to purchase goods or services online, they can easily access website. They can
use internet advertisements to reach customers and target new markets along with the use of web
ads and banners.
Negative impact includes-
Rapid change in communication has put pressure on companies to change their tools and
techniques quickly. Otherwise, they will not be able to gain competitive advantages and would
not able to create market space. The major drawback of technology includes people becomes
dependent on it for their daily routine work. Sometimes overuse of technology can create serious
health issues such as depression, which can impact the overall performance of people in the firm.
Owners of company needs to invest more on expensive technological tools.

The use and influence of information and communication technologies in human resource
management.
Technology and communication systems may have a greater impact on company and
department like human resources. Using IT application for database management and software
for communication system and sharing information, advance recruitment systems and tools will
increase the business efficiency. Communication technology changes the way human resources
team contact employees, store important data, storage of files and analysing performance of
employees at individual level (Hessel and Dworkin, 2018). By using properly, human resources
practices can become more efficient such as providing training and development, talent
management, recruitment of new employees and saving full data and information of employees,
retention of employees.
With the help of technology, HR team can identify solutions quickly and create positive
environment for employees working in the firm. Also technology usage can identify new ideas
for services provided by HR department so that firm can easily achieve their goals. By adopting
technology, they can easily manage performance management such as education and training of
employees. Communication technology and information technology can enhance employee’s
performance and improve organisational performance (Peng and et.al., 2018). Managers of the
company measure individual performance and provide feedback to employees and send this
details to HR so that they can make decisions whom to promote, whom to provide incentives and
other benefits (Impact of IT on Human resources management, 2022). With the help of
communication technology, HR can motivate employees and provide better information
management so that they can easily conduct their task.
QUESTION 5
Negligence Case Study: Bancroft Academy/Caleb’s Parents
In the present case study of Bancroft Academy and Caleb the situation taken place is that
in October 2021 Caleb was diagnosed with fish and other related allergies. This allergy was
communicated with Mr Andrew and this was necessary because this will result in certain
changes within the catering arrangement for Caleb. One of the major aspects for solving the issue
of Caleb was the precautionary steps that their peers must be made aware of the situation of
Caleb so that he would not be bullied (Ehrenzweig, 2020). But Caleb’s parents have refused

permission relating to the medical needs being made available to other people. In November
2021 The Academy organised a trip to fish farms where students were encouraged to handle the
fish. The students were instructed to wash their hands after they handle the fish and on return
journey Salem handed Caleb book for him to see.
Within few moments Caleb became unwell and went to apoplectic shock. Soon he was
rushed to the nearest hospital and died two hours later. Within the autopsy it was established that
there were fish scale traces found on Caleb’s hand. This simply means that the book handed over
by Salem was having some traces of fish scale and because of this Caleb died. In this case the
negligence was made on part of parents of Caleb. This is particularly because of the reason that
Caleb’s parent has denied to share the information with the team mates or student of Caleb
(Butuc, 2019). Hence because of this the group members were not having information that tells
he was suffering from some allergy to fish. In the present situation Caleb parents have decided to
take legal action against the negligence but they are not liable for taking the legal action. The
reason underlying this fact is that the Caleb parent has only refuse to communicate information
to the peers and as a result of this did not knew about the allergy of Caleb. And as a result of this
he died so his parents are not eligible to take any legal action for the negligence.
Caleb's parents do not have any reason, to take legal action against academy, because
child was death because of health issues instead of eating fish. The medical team was just traces
scale of fish in their hand, instead of their mouth, which means academy are not responsible for
that (Bambauer and Roth, 2021). In this case, Tort as area of law is applicable, because it is a
strategic act or regulation that gives rise to harm or any injury to another & amounts to a civil
inappropriate for which judicature oblige liability. In regard to current law, injury term is defined
as invasion of any legal right, whereas harm refer to detriment or loss in fact that an individual
person suffers. It may aid academic and its management to overcome the negative impact of
Caleb's parent’s allegation that they do not take care of their children appropriately. Tort is one
of those regulatory terms that encompasses key elements to redress a wrong done to an
individual and give relief from the wrongful activities of others.
In case of Caleb death, their parent’s decision to take legal action was wrong because
university is not accountable behind the incident and it already takes care of each and every
child, who are studying and conducting academic activity under its place. In the world,
regulatory frameworks and terms are created to protect people from being a victim of any

incident or situation that put negative impact on them (Rijnhout, 2021). In case of negligence,
Tort a lawful term plays vital role to prevent academy from wrong allegation and the image of
organization in the world of education where parents take decision to send their children's in
those academic institutes where tutors take of them. Their parents were on fault because they
refuse to provide medical history and information to be made accessible. They do not approve
the similar process that might be become the biggest reason behind death case of their child. Tort
as essential law encompasses different terms that a person may follow and consider preventing
themselves from becoming a victim. It may include wrong, remedies, remoteness, defences,
vicarious liability and strict liability. Management may consider the strategic principles of
current law that help to take right decision and allow obtaining appropriate outcomes, without
taking any unethical term into their considerations.
Tort in civil, common law and vast majority of legal systems may derive from any
instance of harmful attribute of other party, that take legal action against any specific person or
company due to certain situations such as physical attach, etc. In negligence case, Bursar of
academy may take care of their reputation and prevent from wrong allegation by using,
following and considering the term of Tort law. It is fact that Caleb's was died because of health
issues, not because of university and its management irresponsible behaviour, while they take all
the students to an academic trip to a fish farm. Individual learn were encouraged to handle fishes,
at the same time Caleb handled a book of their friend. After few movements later, Caleb’s do not
feel well, and he takes to the hospital by the management, where they died two hours later. Their
parents felt that academic management should felt guilty as it all happen because of their
irresponsible behaviour which is wrong. The overall case refers to innocence of administration as
they are not in any fault. It was just an incident nothing happens intentionally, which put the
attention of their parents toward legal action taking against Bancroft's academic board of
governors.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bambauer, J. and Roth, A., 2021. From Damage Caps to Decarceration: Extending Tort Law
Safeguards to Criminal Sentencing. BUL Rev.101. p.1667.
Butuc, C. A., 2019. An Analysis of the Offence of Negligence Resulting in Breach of Duty
Committed by the Heads of Business in the Light of the New PIF Directive. CDP,
p.120.
Ehrenzweig, A. A., 2020. Negligence Without Fault. University of California Press.
Evans, O., and et.al., 2018. The relative effect of monetary and fiscal policy on economic
development in Africa: a GMM approach to the St. Louis equation. Business and
Economic Quarterly. 2. pp.3-23.
Hessel, H. and Dworkin, J., 2018. Emerging adults’ use of communication technology with
family members: A systematic review. Adolescent Research Review. 3(3). pp.357-373.
Peng, S. and et.al., 2018. Use of communication technology to maintain intergenerational
contact: Toward an understanding of ‘digital solidarity’. Connecting families, pp.159-
180.
Rijnhout, R., 2021. Mothers of Srebrenica: Causation and Partial Liability under Dutch Tort
Law. Utrecht J. Int'l & Eur. L.. 36. p.127.
ŞAHİN, H. and Topal, B., 2018. Impact of information technology on business performance:
Integrated structural equation modeling and artificial neural network approach. Scientia
Iranica. 25(3). pp.1272-1280.
Shah, A. A., Dar, A. B. and Bhanumurthy, N. R., 2021. Are precious metals and equities immune
to monetary and fiscal policy uncertainties?. Resources Policy. 74. p.102260.
Wang, B., Liu, Y. and Parker, S. K., 2020. How does the use of information communication
technology affect individuals? A work design perspective. Academy of Management
Annals. 14(2). pp.695-725.
Wilburn, K. M. and Wilburn, H. R., 2018. The impact of technology on business and
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Online
Impact of IT on Human resources management. 2022. [Online]. Available through: <
https://ukdiss.com/intro/impact-of-information-technology-on-human-resources-
1946.php>