Use of Antibodies in Cell Signalling Pathways

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Use of antibodies in the study of cell signalling pathways that involve changes in protein
phosphorylation...........................................................................................................................3
2. Using the antibody-based assays to investigate the sub-cellular localisation of a protein......4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

1. Use of antibodies in the study of cell signalling pathways that involve changes in protein
phosphorylation.
Antibodies are also referred as immunoglobulin is basically a protein having Y-shape and
is used by the immune system of the body of humans in identifying and neutralizing the effect of
the foreign objects such as the pathogenic viruses and fungi. It has the capability to recognise the
pathogen’s unique molecule known as antigen.
It also plays a major role in the study of the pathways of cell signalling. It is a biochemical
process through which cells are aligned for responding to the anxiety and the disturbance in the
environment. Signalling helps in regulating the most of the processes of the normal cells but if
the signalling is improper then it can lead to various other diseases. In the process of signalling,
there is a participation of various biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins, second messengers
(For example, inositol triphosphate) and lipids. The main aim here is signalling regulation
through the method of protein phosphorylation which contributes by playing different types of
mechanistic roles. Among all the post translations modifications, the greater attention is needed
by or given to the Phosphorylation which is due to the fact that the kinases are sometimes more
expressed or muted in disease among which cancer is the most common. Due to this, many
antibodies and inhibitors are developed which also helped in antagonizing the kinases activity
(Alibakhshi and et.al., 2017).
Cell signalling helps in governing the basic cellular activities and coordinating the actions of cell
through the coordination of responses with the cellular microenvironment and the coordination is
also complex. By getting better understanding about the cell signalling, diseases may be treated
in more effective manner and also leads to creation of cures. There are numerous pathways of
cell signalling such as Notch signalling, Akt and NF-kB. The antibodies produced by Rockland
helps in assisting in the research regarding the pathways mentioned. HER2 which is referred to
as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is considered as the member of the family receptor
of epidermal growth factor. This HER2 can be dimerized with any other member of the family of
ErbB which helps in auto-phosphorylation of residues of tyrosine and activating the signal
pathways. Then the transfer of signals take place through the different kinase such as STAT,
PI3K/Akt etc. The antibodies of Rockland’s phospho-specific help in detecting the signal. This
also helps in accurately determining the pathway’s activation. This is considered as the
advantage of antibodies as the HER2 does the direct interaction with more than 50 proteins (Yu
3