Operating System: A Comprehensive Overview

This document provides a comprehensive overview of operating systems, covering fundamental concepts such as memory management, process management, file management, and key features. It also explores the architecture of an operating system, highlighting the different layers and their roles. The document aims to provide a clear understanding of the essential functions and components of operating systems.

Operating system
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Index
 Introduction
 Functions of operating system
 Memory management
 Process management
 File management
 Key features
 Architecture of operating system

Introduction
 The operating system is the system in the computer that managers its hardware and
software resource and provides them with a common service for the computer program.
 In other words, it provides the interface among the operator and the computer
hardware. The operating system is the type of the software that performs the various of
the operations like
 file management,
 management of output and input devices.
 some of the common examples of the operating system are:
 Windows,
 Linux, OS X etc.

Functions of Operating system
 Memory management.
 Processor management.
 Error detecting aids
 Security
 Control over the system performance,
 Device management
 File management

Memory management
 This keeps the paths of the primary memory, that is it records
the how the system performed and who use the function in
the system.
 At the time of the multiprogramming, the operating system
decides that which procedure will get the memory and
amount of the memory for the procedure.
 This is the system that assigns the memory to each process
that was performed over the system.
 At the time when the process competes into the system then
this is deallocated the memory.

Processor management
 This keeps the record of the processor and status of
the whole process, this can be done by the use of
the traffic controller.
 The main function is to allocate the processor to the
process.
 The after that as the process is completed then
deallocates the processor.

File management
 This is the software that keeps the record of the
location, uses, status and the location.
 This is the software that decides the use of the
resources.
 This is allocated the resources.
 This deallocates the resources in the system for
processing.

Key features
 Kernel: : This is the core part of the operating system, this is responsible for a
lot of the operations in the operating system, this contains a large amount
of the modules that are connected directly to the hardware systems.
 System library: This is the special function of the operating system that helps
the user the whole functions of the kernel features.
 System utility: This is the response to performs the specialized discrete level
operations.

Key features (Contd.)
 Portable: This portability refers to the software that can able to works over the
different type of the hardware in the same way. The kernel and the application
program support their installation over any kind of the hardware.
 Open source: Refers to the Linux source code then this is freely accessible and it is
worked based over the development project.
 Multi-users: Refers to the Linux operating system then this provides the user to
performs the multitasking, by the use of this multiple users can able to performs the
various of the operation at the same time.
 Hierarchical file system: This Linux system provides the standard file structure by the
use of that it is easy to arrange the files and document in the system.

Architecture of operating system
 Hardware: This layer contains the different peripheral devices, these are RAM/
CPU etc.
 Kernel: This is the core component of the Operating system, it is directly
connected to the hardware, and this provides the low-level services to the
upper layer components.
 Shell: This the type of the layer over the kernel system, by the use all the
complex structure of the kernel is hidden from the users. This works to take the
information from the user and then performs the kernel functions.
 Utilities: This is the program in the operating system that provides the required
functions to the users.

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