Review and Critique of Operations Management Principles in Southern Railway (UK)

This document provides a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles in Southern Railway (UK). It explores the principles of reality, organisation, accountability, change, and managed passion. It also discusses lean production and manufacturing and the application of Six Sigma. The document offers insights into the continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations management principles.

Operation and project
management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles
within an organisational context.................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2 Prepare a continuous improvement plan based the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisational context. .........................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3 Apply PLC to a given project for producing necessary supporting documentation for
completion of project..................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the exercise of duty that includes the computation of land,
labour and raw material into final product and services that increase the level of productivity
profitability ratio. On the contrary, the project management is the method for carry through the
specific project and line of work (Chang, 2010) . In the following report, chosen organisation is
Southern Railway, a British railway company, which is managed and operated by department of
transport. This is British railway company established in the 1923 in Grouping. It connected
London with the transmission channel ports, South West England, South coast resorts and Kent.
This assignment includes the two parts that such as operational management and project
management. Several possibility and concepts are estimated which are utilized in the respective
organization. There are some techniques that implements the operations management in relation
to Six sigma, lean production or manufacturing in the Southern Railway (UK) administration.
Various commodity life cycle phase has estimated on the prospect of conceptions, thoughts and
models of small programs that has been discuss in the duty assignment(Chinbat, 2008). The
operational and project management involves the applicable theories, concepts and models in the
PLC that distinguished between various scales of project.
TASK 1
P1 Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles
within an organisational context.
Overview of the company
The Southern railway (UK) was definite by the combination of various smaller railway networks,
this contributes to become the Southern Railways (UK) that began in 1838 with the initiative of
the London and Southampton Railway, that was after renamed it with London and South
Western Railway. The railway authority was famed for its distinct use of public dealings and a
logical social control strategies and plan of action and hence the basic structure of work that
determines the number of its revenue that came from travellers collection rather than cargo
charges which also includes the value of tax. It is basically two main mechanical engineers,
Richard Maunsell between the period of 1923 and 1937 and the other one was Oliver Bullied

between the period of 1937 and 1948, both determines and configured the new locomotives and
the rolling stock as to replace it and after wards it inherited it as much more necessity complex in
1923.
Operation management refers to the governing body of business organization that exercises
exclusive targeted to achieve the maximum numbers of company factors by effectively.
Operation management includes number of actions like organising, coordinating, controlling,
planning, measuring and labour and resource controlling that lead the way to deliver adequate
services and commodity to group of individuals(Crippa, 2009) . There are some principles that
follows the Southern Railway (UK) administration for functioning constructively and these help
in operating business dealings in an suitable way-
Principle of reality: As per to this principle, it is important for an enterprise to be have
focused on management problems not on methods or techniques which are used to solve it. It is
most essential for Southern Railway (UK) to analyse the management issues by managers and
have a good feedback knowledge about the consumers demands and wants before presenting a
new manufacture in the section. As Southern Railway (UK) is a multiplicity of railway
administrative that varied in situation and standards that currently dealing with number of
famous named trains that includes the Brighton Belle, the Bournemouth Belle, the Golden Arrow
and the Night Ferry (London – Paris and Brussels).
Principles of organisation: According to this principle, a business organisation should
executes its administrative plan of action in a suitable state so that it can accomplish the goals
and objectives in a specified interval of time into that possibilities. A adequate relationship
among respective departments of Southern Railway (UK) and its linked organisations that is
essential for the efficiency ratio of an organisation.
Accountability: According to this principle, managers in the enterprise set the actual
rules and regulation policies for the workers and team members as per their framework. Manager
corroborates their associates to successfully achieve their target and objectives with specified
period of interval (Espa, 2016) . Apart to this manager is also liable for worker encouragement
and involvement in the organisation that will beneficial for company as well as worker.
Change: According to this principle, it is necessary for an enterprise to accommodate
new changes in strategies to make it more reliable to utilize. Southern Railway (UK) is an

actively involved enterprise that brings innovative ideas and new creativity task in their
management and hence they are having multiple strategies to influence their visitors.
Managed Passion: Southern Railway's (UK) managers should oversee about warmth of
their workers and team members and assist them in increasing their productivity ratio and
creative thinking skills for developing new creation in an enterprise (Forsberg,1999) . This leads
to profit making result for administration structure and increasing profitability.
Lean production and manufacturing:
Lean Manufacturing or Lean Production signify the enterprise theory in which the objective is to
decrease the level of resource and time period that will utilize in the commercial operation and
other actions of an organization. The managers of Southern Railway (UK) creates the creative
thoughts and apply them on respective creation to make company profitability. By utilising this
process in organisation the waste will commence to decreased at a very broad point of
magnitude. By waste reduction the lean manufacturing helps the enterprise for reducing general
total production value of cost . There are some principles that follows the Southern Railway
(UK) administration for functioning constructively and these help in operating business dealings
in an suitable way-
Value: According to this factor goods and products are prepared as per consumers need,
wants and demand so company get to acknowledged their perspective before launching new
content in market. By providing good services with affordable price value to consumers any
enterprise can established its goodwill in market, and it ensures that the services are delivering at
right time to right individuals. The manager of Southern Railway (UK) done a thorough enquiry
before presenting any service to their visitors.
Value stream: According to this factor the visitor satisfaction on new services is the
basic issue for the manager of Southern Railway (UK). The manager have multiple task in the
enterprise he must concentrates on introducing the new services and after introducing it
concentrates to determine or fix the value of its public presentation after delivering the services
to their consumers.
Flow: According to this factor an enterprise is liable for the level of loss to get the better
of future uncertainties at the present value of time. The manager of Southern Railway (UK)
putting extra efforts in reducing the excess workload and supply the better results for every

intervals (Gragg, 2008) That follows disruption composition at workplace and it increasing the
level of production of cost.
Establish Pull: According to this factor the manager measures the trade element for the
production of more effective services in the Southern Railway (UK) administrative body that
estimated the report of budget (Jenkins, 2013). The head of operation evaluates the necessity of
raw material and it attempts to produce effective and efficient services for their visitors as they
also tries to minimising the level of loss and supply them improved results inside granted
monetary fund.
Pursue perfection: It is manageable for an enterprise to deliver their service at right
time. The managers of Southern Rail (UK) introduce modern techniques in their administration
for visitors satisfaction. The necessity and requirement of visitors changes accordingly time.
Managers analysis researches periodically in order to recognise about the requirements of
visitors and apply modifications consequently in services and hence it expands organisation
gross revenue and at the same time organisation makes profit.
Six Sigma:
Six sigma is a cognitive content that initiate in 1980 by Bill Smith it involves the methods and
mechanism that helps to raising the transaction and procedure. There are two types of method
analysis that considered in six sigma and they named DMADV and DMAIC.
DMAIC is the process in which existing services of an enterprise can be developed by
meeting visitors satisfaction. It is used for initiation in services of an administrative body. It
embraces five state of matter that measure, examine, modify and control. On the other side of the
coin DMADV is method analysis it innovates a procedure or commodity which is not presently
exists in the organisation. It embraces five state of matter that includes define, measure, analyse,
design and validate. Moreover to its railway transactions, the Southern Rail (UK) is transmitted
various essential ports and harbour that facilitate the south coast and this includes Southampton,
New-haven and Folkestone therefore DMADV is best six sigma method analysis for promoting
this services in administration in a adequate way.
Define: According to this process, visitors needs and wants are adequately examine and
estimates. The managers of Southern Rail (UK) utilize various strategies and action of plan
before introducing new services in organisation (Lee, 2012) . In recent case where the

organisation is presenting new services in the organisation, it go through with research for
measured visitors necessity and demand.
Measure: According to this process, in which manager of Southern Rail (UK)
concentrates on introducing and assembles of services and various new products regards with
railway in the market. The valuation considered the definite quantity of visitors in a particular
section. After knowledgeable to this organisation's managers form different remedies to present
quality of services to visitors.
Analyse: According to this process, it concentrates on estimating issues and difficulties
between operations of management(Lei, 2020). The managers of Southern Rail (UK) are
promoting effective strategies and schemes to ignore the issues and difficulties that the
management are facing. For increasing market share in an enterprise it is essential to arrange pan
of action.
Design: The managers of Southern Rail (UK) prepared a layout of effective strategies
and plan of action for promoting services and facilities as according the satisfaction of visitors. It
leads to increase in gross revenue of an enterprise. In addition various creative thoughts that
helps an enterprise to increase its goodwill in terms of market division that are create for
competitive benefits.
Verify: According to this process, the managers of Southern Rail (UK) follows that
arrangement of their services are as reported to the demand and necessity of visitors. This is
essential for increasing earnings of organisation by providing services to individuals in
accordance with their demand (Li, 2013).
The limitation of six sigma for the project can be considered as Six Sigma inspects the business
processes minute-by-minute and generates substantial amounts of empirical data. This creates
problem in managing time. This is a long process and has various complicated procedures. Also,
because it is a quality improvement process at its root, adoption of protocols often leads to an
increase in costs.
TASK 2
P2 Prepare a continuous improvement plan based the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisational context.
Continuous improvement plan

It is important for every enterprise to adopt new changes in divisional units for
presentation of superior quality product and improving production procedure. The managers of
Southern Railway (UK) undergo research of market condition for performing operational plan of
action effectively. The uninterrupted transformation plan used by Southern Railway (UK)
managers in providing good services and products to visitors is given below:
SOURCES PRINCIPLES OUTCOME
Cost Six sigma Southern Railway managers
implements the principle of six
sigma at their administration
structure to make it more smooth
and effective function of
management procedure. It also
consider in investing inferior and it
helps in put together an appropriate
result inside granted monetary fund.
Quality Lean manufacturing Southern Railway managers utilize
modern techniques and equipment
for making arrangement and
changes in their services. It will
increase the level of visitor
satisfaction by fresh and
innovational idea that are
implemented in the services and
commodity(Liu, 2007) .
Administrative structure uses lean
manufacturing for such operations
in an enterprise. It allows the
organisation to have profitable
outcomes.
Safety Fundamentals The managers of Southern Railway

examine all features regards of
security in manufacturing and
fabrication procedure. The adequate
number of data and information is
maintained for stock which helps in
determination any trouble in future.
Delivery Organisation The policies and action of plan are
made in resource management for
effective program that delivers the
services and product in a adequate
form of manner (Mace, 2004). It
helps in reducing the waste and fault
as accordingly this way the
company executes their actions
effectively.
As per the review of administrative body they wants to performs the operations and its plan of
actions which is important to evaluates and analyse the basic faculty of the difficulty and after
wards it is necessary to determine the loop holes. It is a continuous improvement program that
helps in delivering broad quality and services that are given to visitors. The several elements
mentioned in the above program that assist the structure system in presenting the actions with
efficiency. Southern Railway is following six sigma and lean manufacturing at their organisation
and this ensures to increasing in the quality of their services which they provide to their visitors.
Hence, the uninterrupted change of state program helps the organisation in reducing the internal
expenditure and let down the estimating interval of time (Menke, 2008).. This is an effective
production of quality services with no occurrence of fault.

TASK 3
P3 Apply PLC to a given project for producing necessary supporting documentation for
completion of project
A good service is an essential elements in figuring the selection time of new services in the
organisational structural. There are many services that are rising the rapid section of state as they
are not successfully able to survive for higher period in the market. The service helps the
management of management is estimating the overall occurrence of services. The Southern
Railway managers are following various levels of PLC for estimating their service and they are
discussed below :
Initiation stage: In this stage of service the managers of Southern Railway estimating the
orientation of consumers and make their services as accordingly to their visitors. As Southern
Railway is famed for its smart use of public social relation and a rational social control strategies
and before applying this the managers should analyse the market situation. In contrast to this, the
managers take respective obligations to examine market points in regards to an organisation that
needed for growth and development of the organisation and their goodwill in market by their
services (Mouraviev, 2014). The computation time of interval for such valuation is
approximately 1-2 months.
Planning stage: According to planning stage it is essential to plan policies and schemes
to examine the business effectively. As in this stage the managers speculates the management
planning by utilising organisation legal proceedings, schedule authorities and it represents the
statement preferences. The Southern Rail (UK) managers distributes their targets into smaller
parts and assign these small targets to subordinates on the basis of their ability. Southern Rail
management confirm to have expert workers who may perform the activities regarding to
achieving the organisation goal. The management of operation considered in split up the targets
in the given time frame. Southern Rail (UK) follows the circumstantial leading style as in the
management the manager performs their targets as according to various examination. The
computation time in pass completion of the phase for such valuation is approximately 3 months.
Execution stage: As per the execution stage the managers examines the various strategies
which are to be enforced in the adequate way for achieving management targets and objectives.
At this stage fresh creativity ideas for service improvement are varied into effective plan of
action. The management of operation considered the task segments between subordinates

suitably. Southern Rail (UK) managers have obligation in execute the projection work
according to the strategies and planning that formed by management. The formation of policies
in execution of projection activity takes approximately 3 months. Servant leadership is used in
this phase and individual has the duty to split up the activity into workers on equivalent ratio.
Administrator and associated members executes their duty and responsibilities in an effectual
way.
Closure stage: As per the Closure stage subordinates who take part in the process of
evolution provides essential documents. As it is the last stage of PLC and points at end of the
project. In this stage the manager of Southern Rail (UK) should put forward statements which
relates to Rail network (Qian, 2006). It involves about to 24-26 days. It belongs to upcoming in
addition to existing premise of railway. There are several opportunities in which managers and
subordinates may increase the market goodwill and generates revenue by considering into their
statements.
Gantt chart: As per the Gantt chart its characterized as a horizontal bar chart which
regulates the schedule of task. This thought of idea acknowledged by Henry Gantt in around
1915. Its used to ascertain the relationship between duty and schedule that concerned to executes
project. Gantt chart is a bar visual communication chart where the vertical axis signifies the task
and horizontal axis signifies the period of time (Razik, 2018) . The executive division of
Southern Rail (UK) executed their plan of action as per particular period of time by utilising
Gantt chart. The managers and subordinates represent the bar chart that denotes start and end
date.

Business case
Executive summary:
Southern Rail (UK) is introducing new services in market and before introducing it, the
organisation schedule analysis market for determining the visitor satisfaction. According to
managers the target can be achieved by good framework and estimation of market situation and
hence methods and structure are presented to execute purpose in a adequate style (Roumboutsos,
2013) . Southern Rail (UK) manages their proper record of data and information to ensures the
actions of workers & subordinates to make organisation more better for profitability outcomes.
Goal:
The main objective of Southern Rail (UK) is the visitor's satisfaction related to their
services and products. Organisation also focuses on introducing new marketing strategies and
thought of creativity in services to accomplish the necessity of visitors. In such a way Southern
Rail (UK) is capable to gain profit and efficiency ratio of business.

Solution:
The remedy for this is Southern Rail (UK) go through a market enquiry for
acknowledging the effective condition and necessity of the visitors(Sorrell, 1998) . After
analysing this, the company introduce new services in market and adopting modern techniques
and advanced tools.
Cost:
Cost is a element which determines the cost affiliated feature that includes in
achievement of program. Various cost includes in program are software, hardware and manlike
assets. The overall cost for the program given by Southern Rail (UK) is approximately 40,000
pounds.
Benefits:
After introducing new services and product in the market the organisation generates
economic value in front of individuals by allowing them best services and products. If the plan of
action introduced by an organisation getting excess success in market and visitor satisfaction is
also at peak then it is beneficial for the organisation in increasing overall sales and value of
brand.
Work break down structure:
According to this method work is distributed into various parts and programs in such
sectors. Southern Rail (UK) is leading work break down structure for adjusting their work and
complementary the interval of the time.
TASK 4
P4 Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models.
Crossrail is a railway construction project under way mainly in central London. The main
objective of this firm is to give a high frequency suburban passenger service crossing London
from west to east. This railway line will be managing different connections to existing lines that
will become part of the route.
The strength of product life cycle in programs is depends on respective theories and thought of
idea which are as follows below-
Initialisation of the stage:

Southern Rail (UK) uses the dominating leadership manner in which leaders suggestions
are not included in judgement making (Wang, 2008). This leadership style is not utilise in
various small groups while decision making as their is less subordinates in team.
Planning phase:
Southern Rail (UK) uses the situational leadership manner in which leaders take
decisions on the basis of scenario in various projects. Designing of programs is not secure and it
continuously changing as according to the condition and hence its a helpful style.
Execution phase:
At execution stage Southern Rail (UK) uses the servant leadership manner in which
leaders focuses on subordinates developments. This leadership style drop their leaders in
development of respective subordinates for effectiveness of organisation (Xu, 2012). Small
schemes don't have a high monetary funds so they don't spend cost in betterment and
improvement of individual.
Closure phase:
Southern Rail (UK) uses the team leadership manner in such form of state leaders focuses
on further possibilities that is effortlessly accomplishable for workers. It is assistive in
development and improvement of subordinates and team members.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been analysed that the operation management is a essential
element in the effective working of the administration system. It affects the definite principle
management that offers the six sigma, lean manufacturing, etc. and the list will continue. In the
effective administration system there is always a necessity of execution of uninterrupted change
of state that leads the effective operations that insures the operation of company in regards to
make the plan more efficient and processing it as to new and creative alteration in to the system
and services that influences the visitors by their working effort. The company's strategy for
applying new changes for the visitors to formulate a new initiative for their excessive growth it
may determine the estimation of the overall guidelines to plays the main role into the business
circumstances that affects the phase of operations.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals