Operation and Project Management: Implementation of Principles and Continuous Improvement Plan

This report discusses the implementation of operation management principles and continuous improvement plan in Marks and Spencer. It covers the effectiveness of six sigma methodology and lean principle. It also explores the significant impact of technology on operational function. The report is divided into two parts, a business report and a portfolio.

OPERATION AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
PART 1: BUSSINESS REPORT.....................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1) Implementation of operation management principle with organisation. ........................1
M1) Implementation of operation management in association with six sigma methodology and
lean principle..........................................................................................................................2
M2) Effectiveness of continuous improvement plan using theories......................................6
D1) Theories and concept to justify strategies of continuous improvement plan for improved
efficiency................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................8
PART 2: PORTFOLIO....................................................................................................................9
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3) Application of each phase of project life cycle in order to produce supported document for
completing the project............................................................................................................9
........................................................................................................................................................11
........................................................................................................................................................11
........................................................................................................................................................12
........................................................................................................................................................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................15
P4: Critically analyse the effectiveness of project life cycle elates to appropriate theory and
model which can be applied to the project...........................................................................15
M4: Analysis of appropriate concepts and theories to differentiate among large and amall
projects.................................................................................................................................15
D2: Evaluation of project life cycle to measure effectiveness in order to present
recommendations and conclusions.......................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is defined as the set of process which is used in business and
organisation to develop high level of knowledge and skill that us effectively use in firm with the
consumption of available resources. It is generally confirmed with new raw source of substance
that is showing the end outcome by putting good and service which can help the organisation to
maximise their profit and minimise the loss that they can take due to poor operation. It is
important for organisation in order to maintain, regulate and follow the individual goal as well
organisational goals (Al-Ismail, F.S., 2021). In addition, the project management is also referring
as act of guiding for group of individual in order to attained project goals with the significant
time. The aim of planning and organising resource as per the fraction of project that is evaluated
and reinforcing life cycle that is used and well implemented to consumer centred process and
also show articulate leading team through which various phases till the project is complete.
Therefore, it is also used to facilitate the business to run in independent manner by using the
business operation the functional ways. It helps to show the focus on task that is essential. In this
report, Marks and Spencer is taken as firm that established in 1884 with the expertise in selling
cloth, home product and food based goods (Buys, and Nel, 2021).
The report well covers some discussion that is distributed in two part where one is
enlightened basic principle that used in organisation to operate the management in association
with six sigma methodologies. Therefore, it also covers improvement plan which is persistent
and based on business operation management. The second part discusses project portfolio that
explain project title.
PART 1: BUSSINESS REPORT
TASK 1
P1) Implementation of operation management principle with organisation.
Overview of chosen enterprise
Marks and Spencer is organisation that is associated with cloth industry, food retails and so
on. Therefore, they are based on UK. It is referring as British retailer that bring quality, great
food that value the money of customer and they are also connected with clothing as well as home
based appliance with the wide range of customer. The firm is usually around 900 + store in the
UK. The enterprise has also show their establishment in 100 + countries with online mode
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among the globe. The vision is all about to established standard for measurement that is related
with other as well as it also states the mission to make aspirational quality to all. The company
usually adds the value in term of referred quality service and new creation (Chung, 2021).
Operation verses operation management
Operation is related with set of activities of firm that require in order to manage the function
of firm in smooth manner. The activities and day to day undertaken aspect help the firm to add
their value for their good and service and which help them to increase the profit and run the
operation of business in smoother way. In reference to M & S, the operation is well related with
development of product and service and they also linked with maintenance of delivery system,
quality management, designing homeware and managing the customer organisation relationship.
Operation function is well related with to make the combine raw material which is suitable for
manufacturing in order to make the useable commodity. It also helps to elaborate the central
operation of an enterprise which help to create the functions. For instance, operation function in
Marks and Spencer is used to handle, manage and control the raw material and human resource
in order to produce product and also help to deliver the service which is well related with
consumer (Jahja, Syamsul, and Mobiliu, 2022).
In addition, the operation management define the administration measure of the organisation
that is useful for to make the unit that help to attained the high level of efficiency. It is also act as
main purpose of optimum factor that utilise all the resource and technique in order to produce the
best quality product and service. In reference to M & S, operation management is well focus on
managing the resource which is effectively enhance the performance and productivity of firm.
M1) Implementation of operation management in association with six sigma methodology and
lean principle
Within the organisation, there are some of certain principle that used to promote the
operation management resource in order to build the accurate and safe utilising resources. Some
of the firm used to adopt the various principle to make the businesses profitable and competitive
as well also ignore uncertain factor in operation management. In reference with M & S, the
management used to adopt the operational practice with the vision to achieve the competitive
advantage in reference to enhance resource efficiency. The review is used to adopted that best
suitable for the management of principle in relation to chosen firm which is taken under the
report. The key pointer of six sigma methodologies is elaborated under (Pan, and Zhang, 2021).
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Six sigma methodology
The principle is referring as the group of tool in order to governor the excellence of
product or group by removing defect, issue and various encounter as well by improving the
process that help to boost the profit and also consider the poor decision making that act as main
cause of loss. It is based on quantitative and fact which is driven with the context to methodology
that help to operate the process of monitoring and manage the mistake and issue which is
associated. It has main focus is on manufacturing department to make the eradication risk that is
generally related with it. It also inspires the improvement in term of cycle time which is well
related with the one product and also used to ensure the minimum error while conducting the
process. In term of focus that is well linked with managerial approach which have single aim to
increase productivity and also explore the promotion that is based on standardisation to make the
operation smoother and functional.
Lean principle is also a part of operation management which show the attitude which is
usually assisted in order to illuminate image of organisation in market which is competitive in
nature. The major purpose of lean principle is to remove waste from the procedure that create
effect on productivity, scrap, cycle time and also the result in reduction of cost of operation as
well increase the level of competition. The major five principle of lean principle are taking into
consideration that is value, value stream, flow, pull and perfection. These all aspect which may
contribute in order to make the process that is based on Mark and Spencer for creating proper
goals and objective where it show the term where constantly improvement is used to focus that
help to achieve those successfully. It is also show the negative outcome for M & S, where it put
unnecessary pressure on the management to meet the requirement of standard of goods (Shaqour,
2022).
Therefore, it is also evaluated that the six sigma outline as problem solving context and
formulate high performance fraction that help to improve the M & S by determining adequate
solution. It also used to improve effectiveness that help to reduce variability in term of product of
M & S. In addition, the lean principle leads to show the maximisation of efficiency of Marks and
Spencer by enhancing the quality which is less defective product that is well produced and also
reduce the waste leading to reduce the cost. It also helps to improve the effect of M & S by
providing the consumer value by utilising less resource form firm.
Relationship between operation and other business functions
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Human resource: The operation is well linked with human resource because of their foundation
that is built on fundamental level. The operation is help to explain the effect of human resource
activities which is generally include training, pay, staffing and proper communication. In
addition, the operation management also used to provide the strategy and vision which is based
on organisation to human resource management.
Marketing: Operation is concerned with finding that is focus on supply according to demand
that is created as outcome marketing. Therefore, operation plan that can create the aspect which
is well related with the process of manufacturing, brand abidance, data analytics and technology
which is well related with the concept to marketing (Sharma, Rana, and Nunkoo, 2021).
Finance: Finance used to provide the information which is well related with running continuous
operation of business and operation that used to carry out the activities of daily task. In addition,
the finance is referring the operation which help to facilitate the firm in order to execute the
process in the effective ways.
P2) Continuous development plan based on review and operation of management principle
within organisation.
Lean principle and discussion of continuous improvement as philosophy
The continuous and proper improvement plan is help to refer the set of action that is
generated to bring the development or improvement in the good and service that is continuously
checking and also review the things on the regular ways. It is well said that they are never ending
efforts of organisation to make the modification that is well provided by enhancing their quality.
In reference to M & S, the major motive which is analysed in development of performance to
foster the profit by using the available resource in effective ways. The lean principle must have
adopted with vision to formulate high quality product and reduce waste. The manager of M & S
uses this method in order to enhance productivity and focusing on customer needs.
Total quality management: It is also referring as the management technique which help to
measure the quality performance of employee and product and they can show the value of
answer for their works done. In Marks and Spencer, the management can apply this method in
order to allow the customer to engage with business operation and giving more concentration of
their need and experience (Shaqour, 2022).
Supply chain management: This is referring as the principle of lean that include many of
elements such constant improvement, consumer involvement, quality product and service and so
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on. It is well linked with all department with an organisation as well they also internal and
external connection or relationship. In Marks and Spencer, management which can apply this
strategy produce high standard with scare resource and limited time applying.
Continuous improvement plan include recommendation for improvement based on review
of operation management
Continuous improvement plan is termed as collection of measure that is also used to
create to track performance and success of adopted principle, theories and model. It is also used
to create the basis of organisational objective as they can usually undertake with the need of
achieved. It is important for companies to invest in proper continuous plan that is based on
improvement that is worthy competitive market. In reference to M & S, manager used to create
continuous development plan that used to monitor all the activities of operation management to
make the proper customisation. It used to create accurate training and development programme
to prepare human resource to effective tackle risk. Proper continuous development plan by
Kaizen technique and tool in reference to M & S (Sheng and et. al., 2022).
Plan Do Check Act
Cost Marketer of firm
strives to adopt the
proper ways that lead
to more profit in the
procedure. In M & S,
manager in allowed to
make decision that
make the process or
production that is
efficient lean principle
that help to decline in
waste.
In order to make the
proper continuous
improvement plan,
manager of Marks and
Spencer that has been
adopted economic
process to add values
to food product
(Sheng and et. al.,
2022).
The manager of M &
S, the action which is
all about to make the
change as per
coordinated plan. It is
well related change in
process of production
activities to reduce the
price or operation
cost.
Quality In reference to Marks
and Spencer, the
manager starts the
trend to monitor and
They usually track the
standard of policy in
term of specified plan
which help to access
At this stage, the firm
which is chosen for
report where manager
compare actual quality
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maintain the quality
standard of product
while using proper
TQM process.
the design and
production proves to
gather quality based
product.
of product and service
with proper specified
standards. It is also
evaluated that it is
well undertaken in
process and used to
make the things more
necessary.
Significant impact of technology upon operational function
Usage of technology which is based upon the operation function that enable the companies
to minimise the cost, enhance delivery process, standardise the quality with the purpose to add
the value to customer. In this, technology aids organisation to speed and pace the operation and
reduce internal rigidity. The appropriate information system is used to taken that simplify the
organisation process with analysis of data. Therefore, technology provide the process to make the
decision and eases the process.
M2) Effectiveness of continuous improvement plan using theories
It is well important M & S, where manager used to implement persistent improvement
plan. It is usually imperative for the firm to create their own continuous development plan by
adopting the theories and concept. The theories and concept show their relevance in M & S to
formulate strategies that can minimum wastage in production process. These model aid the
companies to maintain criteria of quality that is well related with food and other product which is
manufacturer from firm (Sheng and et. al., 2022).
D1) Theories and concept to justify strategies of continuous improvement plan for improved
efficiency
It is well analysed that management of Marks and Spencer that used to implement principle
such as lean principle and TQM is useful to make proper and updated improvement. These
acquired sessions help them to keep quality as standard base and also support the firm to make
the proper advantage in competition. Therefore, it is useful for the firm to regulate and maintain
the quality of product which attract and gather the attention of people for product and services
(Sheng and et. al., 2022).
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CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it is well analysed that operational management is well important in
order for all business. It is also referring some of the core concept where ongoing process of
activity help to evaluate and review all the operation of organisation as well also provide number
of improvement plan that stick on manager to improve the effectiveness with the help of plan
that is consistent. Therefore, lean principle of management also used to assist the review of their
performance and quality continuously it helps to handle obstacle in the corrected way that value
the firm.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al-Ismail, F.S., 2021. DC microgrid planning, operation, and control: a comprehensive
review. IEEE Access, 9, pp.36154-36172.
Buys, P. and Nel, H., 2021. Development of an Operation-Centric Costing System: The Case of a
Water-Recycling Fabrication Facility. In Designing Cost Management Systems to
Support Business Decision-Making (pp. 11-39). Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
Chung, S.H., 2021. A Study of the Operation Management Strategy on the National Critical
Infrastructures: Transportation and Logistics Sector. Journal of the Korea Society of
Computer and Information, 26(3), pp.89-97.
Jahja, M., Syamsul, A.M.F. and Mobiliu, F.P., 2022, April. An approach to sustain micro-hydro
power plants (MHPP) operation in the rural areas: a case study in South Dulamayo
village of Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and
Environmental Science (Vol. 1003, No. 1, p. 012033). IOP Publishing.
Pan, Y. and Zhang, L., 2021. A BIM-data mining integrated digital twin framework for advanced
project management. Automation in Construction, 124, p.103564.
Shaqour, E.N., 2022. The role of implementing BIM applications in enhancing project
management knowledge areas in Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1),
p.101509.
Sharma, A., Rana, N.P. and Nunkoo, R., 2021. Fifty years of information management research:
A conceptual structure analysis using structural topic modeling. International Journal of
Information Management, 58, p.102316.
Sheng, H., Wu, Z., Hu, C., Chen, H., Ma, W., Yin, H. and Yin, J., 2022, January. Research and
application of intelligent operation management and control system of secondary
equipment based on multi-dimensional information. In 2022 14th International
Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA) (pp.
223-227). IEEE.
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PART 2: PORTFOLIO
TASK 3
P3) Application of each phase of project life cycle in order to produce supported document for
completing the project.
Title of project
The title is important in term of project management where it help to individual in assessing
motive and rationale of imitating task. The project title is well chosen for the specified project
which is based on site catering at Siemens.
Overview of given case study
It is well presented in the case study that organisation which is chosen for the part 2 Siemens
based in the Midland. The chosen firm has 1250 employee in number that encompasses of
factory worker where other staff is also showing the presence. The staff member are usually
faces the issue that have lack of onsite catering service on firm. Therefore, the function is being
regulated with proper office which is called project and program office.
Evaluation of each phase of project life cycle in relation to onsite catering at Siemens that
essential to include document.
The project life cycle is well understood that is refer as systematic procedure which is
encompasses varied step are require by firm manager from starting their project until the
completion is done. The project life cycle is beneficial for project manager which help to
evaluate the progress and also present the supported documentation with every phase of task. The
practice shows the usefulness in the context with the business where Siemens is mentioned
below:
Title Catering service in Siemens (Onsite)
Vision Manage and convince employee to practice healthy lifestyle and
workplace scenario to restrict the absenteeism.
Mission Utilise corporate social as well taken responsibilities to promote
healthy aspect.
Summary The Siemens firm have reported manager that show their engagement
with the task which is named as on site catering services.
Resources Human resource, financial and raw material
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Planning Use of Gantt chart
Difficulties The arising issue which is faced by manager while completing the
task to regulate the healthy lifestyle among employee.
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Project planning
At this step, strategic planning and budgets are framed by project mangers to prepare
schedules in order to perform the pre-determined activities in an effective way. Different risks
that are linked to the implementation plan of the project are addressed at this step (Turkulainen
and Ruuska, 2022). Work-breakdown structure framed by Siemens organisation's project
managers to identify and address an effective way to bifurcate tasks among employees.
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Work-breakdown structure related to service of on-site catering at Siemens in discussed below:
Project execution
At this step, project managers perform actual tasks to make their project a successful
assignment. It is crucial for project managers to address and control several tasks which support
them with better execution of project. Various issues are expected to arise at this step and needed
to be solved for smooth operations of project implementation (Mohebbi, 2021).According to on-
site catering services at Siemens, it is important to align the objectives in order to gain success
with on time project implementation.
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Project closure:
Project closure is the last step in project completion in which phase it is possible to
deliver desired results to individuals. At this step, project managers deals with the on-site
catering service project at Siemens organisation evaluate various point of views by getting
feedback of staff members. In this phase, project mangers have opportunity to take a decision
regarding that if they want to continue with the services after getting feedback or want to quit.
Determining different tools and methods that can be helpful in managing the project
Methods of project management are easy to understand by considering it as a tool that are
used by project managers in implementing and formulating strategies effectively. Given
methodologies help the project managers in assisting directions so that they can perform in a
better way (Zwikael, Meredith and Smyrk, 2019). Several Methodologies in favour of
developing on-site catering services at Siemens are discussed below:
Agile methodologies: It is prefer in those projects which can be divided into innumerable
small tasks to make the complicated task simple to understand and easy to execute. This
methodology used by adopted for Siemens project and managers can bifurcate assignment into
small denominations to make project process easy. This methodology is more suitable to apply in
approach which are collaborative and flexible.
Project management tools: This tool is considered as dynamic in nature and assist
project managers for counting their level of performance and success. Such tools help managers
at Siemens in analysing project progress titled at 'on-site catering services at Siemens'. Gantt
charts and network diagram can be used by project managers to address and measure the level of
success of their project. Gantt charts used by project managers in ascertaining initial and final
dates for starting and completing the project at Siemens. Network diagram aids to prepare a
schedule of several tasks that are need to be performed in the project (Poppi and Molinari, 2020).
Project leadership: This tool assist managers to inspire and motivate the workers to
perform given tasks effectively. Such methodologies help the project managers in measuring the
progress of project and making critical decisions regarding the project of on-site catering services
at Siemens. Project leadership is a critical tool used by project managers in order to motivate,
encourage, and inspire staff members working on the project.
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TASK 4
P4: Critically analyse the effectiveness of project life cycle elates to appropriate theory and
model which can be applied to the project
Project life cycle includes analysing, managing and controlling various operations related
to a specific project. Review the effectiveness of project life cycle for the project conducting at
Siemens are:
Performance management: It can be evaluated as a technique used by company to
analyse the progress of a particular task. Project managers of Siemens should assess the
performance level of staff members taken responsibility of the project. To manage performance,
project managers should prefer to set timing of the tasks at which it has to be completed.
Benchmarking: This process assist companies to measure the performance based on past
experiences. This project help project mangers at Siemens to analyse the performance of project
in past days when the organisation were experiencing problems. Benchmark is set to attain taste
and quality while maintaining health (Yamini, 2021).
Key performance indicators: This can be helpful in measuring effectiveness of project.
This practice help project managers at Siemens in measuring deliverables and improve necessary
areas. To measure the success of project, various key performance indicators like cost spend,
estimate time for project completion can be measured for project of on-site catering services at
Siemens. It is important to understand validity and reliability of project by project managers.
M4: Analysis of appropriate concepts and theories to differentiate among large and amall
projects
It has been analysed that difference is huge between small and large projects. It is
evaluated that large projects are better to be divided into small projects to make them easy and
less complicated by using agile methodologies. Gantt charts are used for big and small projects
so that project mangers can present visual presentation effectively.
D2: Evaluation of project life cycle to measure effectiveness in order to present
recommendations and conclusions
From above documentation, it has been analysed that project life cycle assist an
organisation to measure the success of project in an organisation. To measure effectiveness key
15

performance indicators, project leadership methodologies, project implementation processes, and
agile methodologies are preferred by project managers (Sangka, Rahman and Jie, 2018).
It is recommended to project mangers at Siemens to adopt appropriate methodologies in order to
measure the performance of project. It is recommended to oversee key performance indicators
that assist them in making their assignment successful.
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REFERENCES
Turkulainen, V. and Ruuska, I., 2022. Facilitating Contextual Ambidexterity in a Global
Operations Expansion Program. Project Management Journal, 53(1), pp.67-83.
Mohebbi, E., 2021. Examining the impact of flipping the classroom on student performance in an
undergraduate course in project management. International Journal of Information and
Operations Management Education, 7(2), pp.113-136.
Zwikael, O., Meredith, J.R. and Smyrk, J., 2019. The responsibilities of the project owner in
benefits realization. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
Poppi, S. and Molinari, E., 2020, December. A kanban approach for the Sardinia Radio
Telescope operations. In Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems
VIII (Vol. 11449, pp. 150-155). SPIE.
Yamini, S., 2021. Behavioural Operations Management: Trends and Insights. In Emerging
Frontiers in Operations and Supply Chain Management (pp. 233-249). Springer,
Singapore.
Sangka, K.B., Rahman, S. and Jie, F., 2018. An investigation into competency requirements of
operations managers in third-party logistics (3pl) firms: a case of Indonesia.
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