Operational and Project Management INTRODUCTION 1 MAIN BODY1 PART 11 Organizational Overview

Operational and Project Management INTRODUCTION 1 MAIN BODY1 PART 11 Organizational Overview1 Operations v/s Operations Management 1 Review and Critique implementation of Operations Management Principles 2 Extent to which Principles of Operations Management meets the Requirements 4 Continuous Improvement Plan and Lean Principles 4 Recommendations 7 PART 27 Project Life Cycle 7 Review and Critique of PLC Effectiveness 12 Different Uses of Methodologies for Large and Small Scale Project13 CONCLUSION 14 REFERENCES 15 INTRODUCTION Operation and project management help the organization to build effective strategy which include

Operational and Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
Organizational Overview.............................................................................................................1
Operations v/s Operations Management......................................................................................1
Review and Critique implementation of Operations Management Principles.............................2
Extent to which Principles of Operations Management meets the Requirements.......................4
Continuous Improvement Plan and Lean Principles....................................................................4
Recommendations........................................................................................................................7
PART 2............................................................................................................................................7
Project Life Cycle........................................................................................................................7
Review and Critique of PLC Effectiveness...............................................................................12
Different Uses of Methodologies for Large and Small Scale Project........................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Operation and project management help the organization to build effective strategy which
include the day to day operation and reduce the issues in systematic way. Project management
include the various activities such as planning, organizing, directing and controlling to achieve
their organizational goals & objectives (William East, Nisbet and Liebich, 2012). With the help
of operations, business increase their efficiency or effectiveness which increase the productivity
as well as profitability of the company. For the better understanding of this concept, company
choose the Sainsbury's Plc. It is the largest chain of supermarket in the UK where company have
16.9% share in the this sector. Company founded in 1869 by John James Sainsbaury and it was
situated in Drury Lane. This report include the such as implementation of operation management
in the organization, improvement plan and project life cycle. Along with this, it include the
effectiveness of implementing PLC.
MAIN BODY
PART 1
Organizational Overview
Sainsbury's is the UK based supermarket stores which is founded in the 1869 by the John
James Sainsbaury and it is situated in Drury Lane. Current market share of the company is about
16.9% where it is the market leading supermarket chain which provide the groceries items.
Biggest competitors of the organization is Tesco Plc which have current market share is 28.4%
and another competitors is Asda which have 15.3% of market share (Sainsbury's Plc, 2019).
Operations v/s Operations Management
Operation is the job or task which perform by the organization in order to complete their
daily activities which helps the business operations to complete their regular basis work.
Operation include the process where input of resources will be converted into usable output in
term of products & services.
Operations management is the business practices which help the operation functions to
perform their duty in order to increase their efficiency or effectiveness. It help the business to use
their resources in effective way. Such as material or labour efforts used in an effective way to
produce quality product which increase the production or profit margin also (Vanhoucke, 2012).
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Review and Critique implementation of Operations Management Principles
Operation management include the various principle which is adopted by the Sainsbury's
company in order to increase their capability which helps in supply chain and logistic. Following
principle is discussed below:
Variance: It is the gap between the actual or standard performance, so business need to
identify and analyse the reason and then adopt this principle to maximise their revenue or
minimise the expenditure. Manager of Sainsbury's company take effective steps to improve their
logistic process and make sure that products & service always available for the customers. This
process will take lots of time, efforts, money and provide necessary training to complete their
task in order to achieve their goals & objectives. Company adopt most suitable technique to
produce goods which help the business to reduce the cost.
Organisation: For the effective management, company manager their internal operations
to increase productivity or profitability of the company. In the Sainsbury's, manager organize
their function which helps the logistic or supply chain through managing vehicles for the timely
delivery (Van Wassenhove and Martinez, 2012). It is difficult for the company to expand their
logistic at the time if expansing their business in order to meet their requirement.
Change: In the organization, changes are required to be adopt because it provide the path
for the future growth. Manager of the Sainsbury's company follow various theory or models for
the effective implementation which provide better management of supply chain and logistic.
Along with this, Sainsbury's introduce the fastest mode of delivery which increase the cost as
well as efficiency in the delivery of products.
Operational management principle:
Scientific management: It is the management theory which analyse the workflow and it
main objective is to improve their economic efficiency such as labour productivity. This
operational management principle have some positive as well as negative aSunshine companyct
which is discussed below:
Positive: This principle helps in reducing product cost which become cost affective for
the consumers and more customers can afford it.
Negative: When organization not treat their human resources in well manner than they
can prevent the strikes and unrest.
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Flexible Sunshine companycialization: It is the industrial principle where organization
produce Sunshine companycialized product but they can done few changes as per the
requirement in the short notice. It has flexibility to change their production type in the short
notice period.
Positive: Flexible Sunshine companycialization helps in reducing risk because
organization change their way of manufacturing as per the market demand. It will help them to
survive in the market or able to reduce risk.
Negative: When organization have only Sunshine companycialized employees in the
single field then it will generate problems because they does not feel connected to the whole
process.
Lean Principle: This methodology is primary used in framing a set of various principle.
It is the management approach which majorly focuses on reducing waist through cutting waste
activities and work on quality. It is a set of five key evaluating factors as identifying value,
mapping value stream, create flow, establish pull and constant improvement. This principle can
improve the value chain to improve the operations with effective management and services.
Positive: With the help of this principle, organization reduce their wastage at the time of
manufacturing products. The principle contribute the management an effective possible solutions
for better sustainability by aligning the sources as per operations requirements. It reduces the
waste and improve the productivity level within the organisation.
Negative: One of the negative aSunshine companyct of the lean production is that there is
little margin available for the errors or defaults. Manager have to increase equipments because if
they break down the manager need to place labour for the certain process. Trade-offs and
production efficiency falls down after a particular level.
Six sigma: It is one of the principle that helps the control the overall process of product
manufacturing, administration and services by resolving the issues, removing the defects. It is
one of the constant process that helps in determining the operations requirement by
implementing statistic approach. Sainsbury's may implement this approach at stores level so that
the management of stores and departments could improve with effective solutions.
Positive: Six sigma is a complete package of utilising the inputs in best optimum way to
reduce the defects and barriers among the supply chain. The changes with in the supply chain
may increase the gap and duration to address the business requirement.
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Negative: This approach requires an evaluation tracker of overall operations that consist
of vast operational data. Recording and tracking of large data from statistical perSunshine
companyctive become quite complex for business.
Extent to which Principles of Operations Management meets the Requirements
Main objective to implement principle of operation management in that are which is
ineffective then organisation find the effective solutions to resolve it. So manager have to
analyse the requirement of Sainsbury's and it will be discussed below:
 Sainsbury's manager give significant effects to identify the need and then try to reduce
the cost of overall operation which increase the productivity or profitability of the
business (Rosemann and vom Brocke, 2015).
 Company provide the wide range of products in order to attract more consumers which is
main motive of operational principle rather than reducing product cost. If the purpose of
this principle to reduce the each unit cost then it will fail to archive their requirement.
 After implementing this principle, company manage their logistic or operational which
help the operations to perform effectively in order to increase their productivity which
further increase the profit margin.
 Along with this, organization follow the various techniques to maintain their operations,
logistic and supply chain. Principle try to match with existing requirement which further
helps in development of the business to achieve their organizational goals & objectives.
Continuous Improvement Plan and Lean Principles
Continuous improvement is the combination of various activities which help the business
to improve their product & services which they offer to their consumers. Basically it is ongoing
process which include the regular review and the regular implementation of changes in their
operation functions. Sainsbury's organization follow this improvement plan and take regular
feedback from their consumers and then implement for the positive change in the business in
order to increase their product demand. It further helps in increasing production and
automatically increase the profit margin.
Lean Principle is basically developed to increase the value of customer with the help of
few resources. This principle adopted by the Sainsbury's company in order to reduce their
wastage in the production (Patanakul and Shenhar, 2012). Company have to make sure that, shop
will be settled in presentable form where consumers can easily get the product without wasting
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any other items. It include the five principles which help the business to reduce their cost and
increase the productivity. Such as identify the value, map the value, develop flow, establish pull
and seek perfection.
Continuous improvement for the Sainsbury's company in order to enhance their
performance to achieve their goals & objectives. With the help of PDCA, Sainsbury's launch
their new product
Plan
(principles of
operations
management)
Do Check Action
Quality Sainsbury's will analyse
quality of products with the
help of Total quality
management. So manager have
to ensure product quality to
satisfy their customers.
The managers of
Sainsbury's analysed
that the quality of
retail products and
streams get increase
where as household
product streams
required more
quality and
durability form
customer
perSunshine
companyctive.
Management must
categorise the products
under household
group. Quality of
products must be
retained on the basis of
customers.
Delivery Sainsbury's use the six Sigma
approach to monitor their
delivering process and abolish
the conflicts among the supply
chain as well as value chain in
clothing line.
Manager of the
Sainsbury's company
review the process
of delivery cloths to
the customer's
doorsteps whether
the delivering time
Six sigma approach
helps in satisfying
customer need and
desire. With the help
of this, customers also
get the standard
quality products which
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of goods to customer
reduced or not.
which reduce
consumers time and
make their shopping
experience good. It
is analysed that
customers near to
stores were able to
get product delivery
on time compared to
costumes out of
reach form stores.
make them loyal for
the organization.
Along with this, it
increase the company's
goodwill and market
share. Manager have
to provide proper
training which is
required for the
accountability and at
the time of launching
new product.
Basis Current Methodology Proposed Methodology
Cost Management Principle of variance is implemented
on multiple products which help the
organization to manage or perform
their operational function rather then
organizational expenses
(Parsanezhad and Dimyadi, 2013).
With the help of variances,
organization identify the difference
between actual or standard
performance. Company try to reduce
their cost in order to maintain their
logistic and also reduce the cost of
labour.
Quality Operations management principle
used for the enhancement of quality
related to product or the service
which they offer to the consumers.
Business have to enhance supply
chain management for the effective
outcomes.
To maintain the quality of products
& service on regular basis they have
to manage internal operations with
the help of just in time method.
Because it reduce the wastage and
improve the quality. Company able
to achieve their goals without facing
shortage of inventory.
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Delivery Sainsbury's have to change current
method of delivering products
through enhance their operational
functions with the help of effective
delivery options.
Sainsbury's have to improve their
distribution channel through provide
delivery options to the retailers
choose other effective method for
the delivery such as airway or
seaway.
Recommendations
 Company have to change their innovation process rather then using existing innovation.
Sainsbury's have to adopt continuous improvement method to increase their efficiency as
well as effectiveness. It help the business and provide competitive advantage which
increase the profitability.
 Sainsbury's have to adopt just in time approach to minimize the wastage in the stores and
their warehouses (Morris, 2013). It will reduce their carrying cost and reduce the overall
wastage.
PART 2
Project Life Cycle
Product life cycle is the four step process which is adopted by the project manager in
order to complete their project (Ramasesh and Browning, 2014). Every project have four stages
which organization have to face in order top increase their productivity or profitability.
Business Case:
Basis Description
Importance Sunshine company manufacture different types of drinks which include
various flavour such as tropical or summer fruit drink. In addition,
company offer the seasonal drinks such as natural flavour drinks in the
spring season. It refreshment and it includes the preservatives, sugar and
other flavours. Along with this, it is healthier drink which is liked by the
consumers.
Target Market Sunshine company target the young generation as well as middle to old
generation. Basically all categories people will be targeted because it is
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healthy as well tasty. It will include the organic fruits and other high level
beverages (Loch, 2017).
Cost Benefit Analysis:
Particulars Option 1 Option 2
Costs 50000 60000
Selling Price 5000 50000
Benefit 0 10000
1 2
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Their are four steps included in the Project Life Cycle and will be discussed below:
Project Initiation:
It is the first step of the project life cycle which help the organization to identify the goals
& objectives of the company. Along with this, identify the opportunity which is required for the
completion of task (Lee, 2018). In this stage, project manager build various strategy in order to
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increase the feasibility which create value for the consumers. It will further helps the manager to
take effective decision in order to achieve their goals & objectives.
Basis Description
Objective  Main objective of the Sunshine company is to increase their
market share almost 10%. After that consumers recognise their
products and then visit again for the further purchase. They
wanted to promote their product with the help of Word of Mouth
(WOM) marketing strategy.
 Another objective is to increase their customer base with the
help of providing quality products. It will further increase the
demand as well productivity.
Strategy  Company develop effective strategy in order to achieve their
goals & objectives (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013).
Sunshine company provide quality product and use effective
marketing strategy for the promotion of their drinks such as
social media, advertisement etc.
After identifying company's objectives or building strategy, project manager pass the
information to the top management for the further actions. Sunshine company adopt six sigma
methodology which increase the operational activities. Along with this, it helps in reducing cost
and make project more effective or feasible.
Project Planning:
This stage required detail planning for the development of new product. Here, top
management plays very important role in order to achieve their organizational goals &
objectives. Project manager provide the detail information about the project such as available
resources and financial help (Hornstein, 2015). Top management discuss the various factor with
the help of preparing budget and analyse the gap between the performances. Project planning of
the Sunshine company will be mentioned below:
Basic Description
Cost Sunshine company have to Sunshine companynd on latest
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technology along with the resources which is required to fulfil their
needs and all those activities which is associated with the project.
Approximately £80,000 required by the organisation on their
expenditure.
Communication Communication is an effective way to run their business in
smoothly way (Elimam and Dodin, 2013). Manager have to build
friendly environment in the work place so management or staff
members can share their view or opinion.
Quality For the effective quality, company have to use latest technology to
produce products along with this maintain the quality for the longer
period of time.
Scope Employees are the most suitable resources of the company which
help the organization to maintain their product quality and achieve
sustainable development.
In this stage, Sunshine organization follow the lean principle which help the business to
control their wastage in order to reduce the cost of product. Sunshine company follow the
autocratic leadership style which allocate the role of manager. Better understanding of this
concept will demonstrate with the help of Gantt chart and work breakdown structure and it will
be mentioned below:
Gantt Chart:
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Work breakdown structure:
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Project Execution:
This stage include the execution of plan which is developed in the above stage, now it is a
time to implement the plan & strategy in reality. Project manager of the Sunshine company done
various efforts to enhance the knowledge or skills which required at the time of implementing
plan (Beringer, Jonas and Kock, 2013). Manager use the democratic leadership style which
encourage or motivate the employees in order to increase their performance which further helps
in achieving their organizational goals & objectives. Along with this, Total Quality of
Management (TQM) provide the various techniques which increase the quality of product which
further increase the demand of product among the consumers.
Project Closure:
After completing all the activities or phase, now it is the time to conclude their
performance. With the help of communication, management identify the performance of each
staff member and they analyse the results. In this stage, project manager identify that weather
organization successfully meet with their objectives or not. Also analyse that, weather
modification in the plan is required or not.
Review and Critique of PLC Effectiveness
Theory of measurement of effectiveness: Project life cycle theory of effectiveness
measurement could be used by Sunshine Company Ltd project manager. Feedback on the
operations conducted by the organization for effective completion project could be analysed with
the assistance of this theory. The PLC created by the project manager is efficient because it can
assist to achieve the Sunshine company's goals of reducing absenteeism and staff movements.
The process is quite time consuming in terms of getting the results on time.
Application of project life cycle is very effective because it helps the organization to
complete their task in structure way. It help the individual to know about the project progress and
it also clearly shows the outcomes which organization get after successful implementation of
project life cycle. It will increase the communication in the operational functions which help the
organization to increase their efficiency or effectiveness. It will help the manager to achieve their
business goals & objectives.
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On the other hand, lack of communication and lack of availability of integrated
information. These problems will develop when project life cycle ineffectively implement. It is
too costly and braincase the complexity among the various level in the organization.
Different Uses of Methodologies for Large and Small Scale Project
Methodology Small Scale Project Large Scale Project
Six Sigma In case of small project such as
labelling. This method used to reduce
the cost of recitative work. Six sigma
approach help to reduce the error in
the organization.
Large scale project adopted by
the large organization where it
helps in controlling their
internal operations. This
approach provide high
efficiency which increase their
productivity as well as
profitability. Along with this,
they try to maintain customer
satisfaction in order to increase
their consumer base.
Lean Principle In the small scale project,
unnecessary cost of the packaging
will try to reduce. In order to save
money and increase the productivity
as well as profit margin. This
approach used for the clean or finest
work.
In the large Scala project,
company have to perform
managerial as well as
operational activities in order
to produce new product. Along
with this, planning is required
for the further functioning
which increase the
productivity or profitability of
the project. It further help the
manager to build strategy and
take effective decision in order
to achieve their goals &
objections. Lean principle
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method is beneficial for the
long term sustainability.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it has been concluded that operation or project management
help the organization to operate their operational functions in well manner. It will helps in
increasing productivity or profitability which further make capable to achieve their business
goals & objectives. With the help of various methods, organization can increase their operational
function such as lean principle, total quality of management and six sigma. These approaches
help the manager to reduce their wastage which helps in reducing cost and able to increase
productivity. It further increase the profit margin and profit growth in the market for the
sustainable development.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio
management and its impact on success. International Journal of Project
Management. 31(6). pp.830-846.
Elimam, A. A. and Dodin, B., 2013. Project scheduling in optimizing integrated supply chain
operations. European Journal of Operational Research. 224(3). pp.530-541.
Hornstein, H. A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change
management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management. 33(2).
pp.291-298.
Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P. and Malhotra, M. K., 2013. Operations management. Pearson,.
Lee, C. K. H., 2018. A review of applications of genetic algorithms in operations
management. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 76. pp.1-12.
Loch, C. H., 2017. Creativity and Risk Taking Aren't Rational: Behavioral Operations in
MOT. Production and Operations Management. 26(4). pp.591-604.
Morris, P., 2013. Reconstructing project management reprised: A knowledge perSunshine
companyctive. Project Management Journal. 44(5). pp.6-23.
Parsanezhad, P. and Dimyadi, J., 2013. Effective facility management and operations via a BIM-
based integrated information system.
Patanakul, P. and Shenhar, A. J., 2012. What project strategy really is: The fundamental building
block in strategic project management. Project Management Journal. 43(1). pp.4-20.
Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process
management. In Handbook on business process management 1 (pp. 105-122). Springer,
Berlin, Heidelberg.
Van Wassenhove, L. N. and Martinez, A. J. P., 2012. Using OR to adapt supply chain
management best practices to humanitarian logistics. International Transactions in
Operational Research. 19(1-2). pp.307-322.
Vanhoucke, M., 2012. Measuring the efficiency of project control using fictitious and empirical
project data. International journal of project management. 30(2). pp.252-263.
William East, E., Nisbet, N. and Liebich, T., 2012. Facility management handover model
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Online
Sainsbury's Plc. 2019. [Online]. Alleviate Through:
<https://www.sainsburys.co.uk/>
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