Operations and Project Management Sample Assignment (Doc)

Operations and Project Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Activity A.........................................................................................................................................3
Critically evaluate the appropriate theories and concept like lean principles, six sigma
methodology in xyz organization................................................................................................3
Activity B.........................................................................................................................................4
Analyse the effectiveness of continuous improvement plan by using principles of operations
management in XYZ. .................................................................................................................4
Activity C.........................................................................................................................................6
Critically evaluate each stage of project life cycle and also used the appropriate
methodologies , tools and leadership in the PLC. ......................................................................6
Activity D.......................................................................................................................................11
The use of proper theories, models and concept in PLC or differentiate between the small
scale and large scale project. ....................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operation and project management is a based on planning or execution of different
function in the organization to manufacture the best quality of product and also provide the
services to consumers. This report will discuss about the appropriate theories and concepts such
as lean principles, six sigma and methodologies. It also analyzes to continuous improvement plan
by using the principles of operation management in organization. Furthermore, this report will
discuss about the stages of product life cycle to the project development and also used the
appropriate project methodologies and tools to manage the business operations in effective
manner. At last, this report will analyze the concepts and model in PLC will differentiate among
the small scale and large scale project.
Activity A
Critically evaluate the appropriate theories and concept like lean principles, six sigma
methodology in xyz organization
Operation management theory is concerned with the controlling of production process
and enterprise operation in efficient manner. This strategy will help for XYZ design to
incorporate accelerated changes in the software and hardware components.
Six Sigmas is the best approach that mainly focused towards on quality of product and
service. Xyz organization is produced new product in market such as large screen television etc.
This organization will use six sigmas methodology to design the product and improve the
performance in the industry. The main purpose of theory is to control the quality of system and
process along with eliminating the error and threats (Daniel and Daniel, 2018). On the other
hand, This theory is identified the defects and remove causing element in the large screen
television at the time of manufacture. In this theory, the organization follows some steps to target
the value of project development. Six sigma helps in manufacturing to reduce the time cycle,
reduce production cost and increase the profit rate or customer satisfaction of customers. Six
sigma set up their processes and system which include the financial processes and measurable
metrics etc. they use the appropriate approach to identify the project to achieve the business
goals. There are some important steps follows in production development such as Measure,
analyze, improve and control.

Lean principle is based on the product development to originally were developed by the
lean manufacturing. It encourages the organization to continuous improvement and implement
fundamental idea towards the product development. This principle is divided into different phase
to maintain the business operations and functions. Lean principle is provided a framework for
creating an effective and efficient in the firm. It allows for manager to identify the inefficiencies
in the form to deliver the better values to the consumers (Haksever and Render, 2018). This
principle always encourage for creating a better flow of work in processes and improving the
culture of organization. In this way, XYZ firm can remain to maintain the competition level and
also increase the value delivered. There are following steps consider for improving the efficiency
and performance at workplace.
The initial stage of lean principle to identify the need and requirement of consumer. It is
important to understand the values and what the consumer is willing to pay for. Sometimes, the
customer may not know that what they want. It is the most common situation so that XYZ firm is
used the different technique to determine that needed and find out the valuable thing for client.
Therefore, the manager is identifying and mapping the value stream which is primary goals to
use the client value as preferences point towards the new product development. It also
eliminating and reducing unnecessary processes that ensure the customer are getting the same
what they want (Hicks, 2018). The inventory is to be considered the biggest waste in the
production system so that XYZ uses the pull based system to limit the inventory and progress in
their work. This system allows for just in time delivery and manufacturing where the products
are created. On the other hand, the manager organize at workplace to minimize the time that
needed for finding the information related the product development activities. In this way, XYZ
firm is provided the best quality of product and service to customer.
Activity B
Analyse the effectiveness of continuous improvement plan by using principles of operations
management in XYZ.
Operations management is a process that help for organization to perform different task
in systematic manner. It is needed for manager to understand the need and requirement of
enterprise to implements new idea in product development. Manager always focused towards the
business process to increase the productivity and profitability in marketplace. The continuous

improvement process is the best part of xyz organization to identify the several issues that must
have taken into account in order to achieve the goals and objectives. There are determined the
continuous improvement plan process to manage the business task in proper manner. Formalization and structure- Formalization program is a part of continuous
improvement to create structure and established the proper strategy that help for
identifying the improvement process in proper manner (Li and Ouyang, 2018). Continuity/Duration- A continuous improvement process is integrated with the business
process of organization and used to generate the proper outcomes and results with the
help of strategies. For Example- Toyota production system is continuously maintained
their routine and also completed the work in time duration. Scope of project and deployment- if the continuous improvement process is inadequately
deployed and poorly working so that the process become less effective. In this way, XYZ
firm is not achieved their goals and objectives. Continuity is an important factor in the
project improvement plan and process in effective ways. In order to improve the routine
of every level of organization. Training- It is necessary for organization to continuous modify the structure of policy
that implemented at every stage of improvement plan. In xyz, manager is provided the
best training to their employee by using methodologies and tools for the analysis. The
large scale training is reasonable to focus on the business agent of change the strategies
according to requirement. An effective tool or methodology helps for organization to
improve the quality of product development. On the other hand, the employee aware
about the new tools to improve the project plan. Methodology and tools- The existence of common method that include the proper routine
steps of business operations to improve the project. The systematic analysis process
always replace the threats and errors that generate at the time of execution (Louis and
Dunston, 2018). XYZ firm is used the six sigma methodology for improving the existing
product and their process. It should be maintained the quality of product to meet the
requirement of client.
 Performance Measurement- The development of continuous improvement plan requires
a process of measuring and monitoring the results against the objective strategies in

organization. It is essential of xyz organization to apply the technique to identify the
speed of operations such as KELLY, 2003; etc.
Activity C
Critically evaluate each stage of project life cycle and also used the appropriate methodologies ,
tools and leadership in the PLC.
Project life cycle is a type of framework that help for managing the project within
organization. Manager is responsible person to handle the business tasks and also determine the
best process for completing of project in proper manner. In XYZ, It is the standard process by
which the team achieve the project success (Muller, 2018). This organization is planning to
develop the large screen television because there are many people attracted towards the product
which is the best for company to increase their productivity and profitability in marketplace. The
standard project life cycle mainly works for project manager but the professional services needs
a robust process.
There are some important stages of project life cycle.
Business case of project life cycle-
Stage – 1 The initiation phase
This is the initial stage of project development life cycle to identify the concept and theories
behind the project. It is beginning phase related the conceptualization to plan strategy according
to the need and requirement. This phase is including the preliminary evaluation of ideas, it is an
essential for analysing the risk and threats that generate at the time of executions. It is needed to
determine the performance, cost, time and resources for large screen television development
project. Conceptualization phase also includes the feasibility of efforts.
Stage – 2 The planning phase
This is the second phase of project life cycle. It mainly focused towards the refinement of
elements that describe the conceptual phase. It is required for organization to determine the
resources that needed for establishment. Project manager is calculated the different parameters
such as performance, efficiency, time and cost (Slack and Brandon-Jone, 2018). This phase is
including the preparation of all documentation necessary to support the entire operations of
product development. For project based on the competitive bidding, and conceptual phase
includes the decision and planning phase includes development of total bid package.

Stage- 3 Project / system cost
Project cost is based on the amount of estimating which involves, analyse the system cost
at the time of conceptual and planning phase. It is not easy task to complete the project in
appropriate manner. XYZ firm is determined the cost of project and system. The system cost can
be broken down into operating and implementation. The implementation cost also includes the
one time express like detailed planning, constructing new facility, purchasing hardware and
software etc. These are required for manufacturing the efficient product in marketplace. In this
way, XYZ firm easily identified the overall cost and budget of product development. The cost of
project development is approximately $123, 89. This will be the overall cost of project
development in XYZ organisation.
Stage – 4 The cost benefit analysis
This phase is analysing the total cost of project in proper manner. It is the best approach
to estimate the strength and weakness of project. It is needed for organisation to estimate the
value of information that obtained from the system. This analysis is also included the feasibility
study. There are various type of situations happen during this stage such as competitive bidding
where the analysis is actually based on the conceptual phase.
Stage- 5 Testing phases
This phase is predominantly a testing and final standardization to perform the different
task according to the requirement of project development. This process will happen after
designing the product to check their performance, efficiency and working. It is necessary for
organization to verify the product properly and then launched in marketplace. In this phase, all
the documentation must be completed in the stage (Song and et. al., 2018). XYZ is developed the
large screen television in market to check their working performance in appropriate manner. It is
necessary for manager to handle all the functionality of project development because this will be
helped for increasing the productivity and profitability in marketplace.
Stage -6 Implementation phase
During this phase, The implementation phase is based on the project planning to perform
different functions. It is important for organisation to control and maintain, communicate which
needed during the implementation. In XYZ, the project manager spends lot of time in execution
process to handle the task and progress the information in proper manner. They use the relevant
information to provide the right direction to develop the new product. It is a step by step

procedure where the project sponsors and stakeholders should be kept the information related the
project development status. The plan should be published and updated on time. The project
delivered to the client on the basis of their need or requirement. Once the deliverable have been
produced and consumer has accepted the final product. The product was developed for the
establishment of marketable item, then this phase is included the life cycle phase of deterioration.
Growth, market value and maturity etc.
Stage –7 The termination phase
This final phase is termination or closure and includes the resource's reallocation. XYZ
company sell the new product in open market (Tonchia, 2018). As one product starts, the death
and deterioration phases of life cycle because the new product or project must be established.
Such a company would require continuous stream of project as essentially for survival. Manager
is planning product development ideas to identify the total revenue will help for increasing the
growth of organisation.
Illustration 1: Project life cycle
(Source : project life cycle, 2018)

Work Break down structure-
This figure shows the structure of work break down of organization. XYZ firm is broadly
divided the different stages on the basis of planning to identify the resource's, developing budget,
conducting customer research, designing concepts and implementation of large screen television
etc. These are important factors that applicable in the project development. In XYZ, the manager
is planning the entire strategies and also break down the working structure in step by step. It is an
essential for large screen television project development to perform the different operations and
functions on the basis of working structure. All the team members are performed task to identify
their specific role and responsibility. Manager can be divided the role on the project development
life cycle on the basis of their capabilities and abilities.
Illustration 2: work-break down structure

Model, methodology and Tool used in project-
XYZ is used the water fall methodology which based on the sequential process. This
model is divided into two ways such as collecting and analysing the requirement, implementing
the solution, designing the solution and fixing issues. This organisation uses this method to
performed different task step by step in the development of large screen television. It can be
represented into following ways.
(Source : Waterfall model, 2018)
This methodology is easy for organisation to use and understand, it provides the clear
demarcation between the steps that helps to organize and categorize in appropriate manner. It is
the best method for developing the project on the basis of requirement and resources.
On the other hand, XYZ firm uses A Gantt chart which is the most popular management
bar that help for tracks all the task in proper manner. It also shows the relationship between the
differer task. This project is used the work break down structure is based on hierarchical
composition of deliverable that needed to complete the project with proper break down. This tool
is applicable in development of large screen project to plan the resources according to the need
and requirement.
Illustration 3: waterfall model

In XYZ, The manager is used the democratic leadership style to manage and not just for
manage the smaller decision but also manage on regular basis. This leadership style has changed
on the basis of environment. It is beneficial for organization to maintain the project development
life cycle by using democratic leadership. When the situation changed frequently during life
cycle, democratic leadership offers the best deal of flexibility to adapt to the better things in
development.
Activity D
The use of proper theories, models and concept in PLC or differentiate between the small scale
and large scale project.
Small scale project is the specific type of project management. It also divided by various
factors such as resources, budget, short duration, time, complexity and committed to deliver the
project. On the other hand, large scale project is usually based on the range of project that
categorize on the basis of requirement. It depends on less and more view of stakeholder and how
they implement the idea in the respective project.
Small scale project Large scale project
Concepts Small scale is the most
common form of project that
managed by the manager. It is
running the small project may
be essential for core business.
This project is required
minimum resources, less
budget and minimum revenue
generated (Tonchia, Tonchia
and Mahagaonkar, 2018).
Large scale project is based on
the large range that managed
by the manager. This project
has required the less money,
resources in the product
development. Large scale
project depend on the funding
that provided by banks and
investors. It is necessary for
new product development in
marketplace. It is required
large resource allocation, large
amount of budget etc.
Theories Small scale project is
basically used the lean
Large scale project is used the
six sigma in project

principle theory that help for
reducing the waste during the
production life cycle. It is
needed for organization to
control the waste because it is
small scale and less resources
applicable so that it is
necessary for managing the
resources in proper manner.
development process. It is
beneficial for large project
development to improve the
efficiency and performance of
project. Six sigmas is
structured base approach in the
organization for identifying the
problem by reducing and
eliminating the risk or
variability.
Models
Small scale project is used the
water fall model because it is
based on the sequential model
that help for performing
different task in appropriate
manner. This model allows
for control and
departmentalization. Manager
is planning to fix deadline
where each stage of
development perform
different operations by using
water fall model. This is
simple and easy to manage
the rigidity and processed or
complete at time.
Large scale project is used the
spiral model to determine
constraints and objective of
project development. This
model provide the indication
of problems that arises during
the executions. This model
will help for increasing the
costs and also decrease the risk
in project development. This
model is performing the
various task to provide the
facility in the product
development. It analyzing the
risk and threat in product
development.

CONCLUSION
As per discussion, it concluded that project development life cycle is essential for project
development to identify all relevant resources, cost, budget, tool and methodology that
applicable in the development. It also analysis the effective improvement plan and implement the
theories in the project life cycle. It summarized the different stages of project development cycle
and uses the appropriate tools, methodologies and leadership style within PLC. This report is
also analysed the use of models, concepts and theories in the project life cycle. It also
differentiates among the small scale and large scale project within project life cycle.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Daniel, P.A. and Daniel, C., 2018. Complexity, uncertainty and mental models: From a
paradigm of regulation to a paradigm of emergence in project management. International
Journal of Project Management. 36(1). pp.184-197.
Haksever, C. and Render, B., 2018. Service and Operations Management. World Scientific
Books.
Hicks, A.L., 2018. Saving energy through multifunctional consumer products: an analysis
utilizing current literature and life cycle assessment methodology. The International
Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 23(2). pp.267-278.
Li, H. and Ouyang, T., 2018. Boundary spanning strategies of internet companies in the context
of big data. Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp.1-18.
Louis, J. and Dunston, P.S., 2018. Integrating IoT into operational workflows for real-time and
automated decision-making in repetitive construction operations. Automation in
Construction. 94. pp.317-327.
Muller, G., 2018. Module Modeling and Analysis: Application and Life Cycle Modeling.
Slack, N. and Brandon-Jones, A., 2018. Operations and process management: principles and
practice for strategic impact. Pearson UK.
Song, X. and et.al., 2018. Life-cycle energy use and GHG emissions of waste television
treatment system in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 128. pp.470-478.
Tonchia, S., 2018. The International Standards of Project Management. In Industrial Project
Management (pp. 7-20). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Tonchia, S., Tonchia and Mahagaonkar, 2018. Industrial project management. Springer.

Online
Project life cycle. 2018. [online] Available
through:<https://d1x38x16ucq8vm.cloudfront.net/assets/resources/project-life-cycle-
11b3b637133ff1af999ec03bc442a570.png>
Waterfall model. 2018. [online] Available
through:<https://www.workamajig.com/hubfs/waterfall.png>