Operations and Project Management

This document provides an overview of operations and project management principles, theories, and their implementation in organizations. It discusses the importance of implementing operations management principles in Tesco and the use of Six Sigma and Lean Principles. It also explores the concept of continuous improvement plans and provides a case study on Midlands Clothing. Additionally, it explains the stages of a project life cycle and their application in project management.

Operations and
Project
Management

Contents

INTRODUCTION
Operations and Project Management oversee alludes to the utilization of techniques and
methodologies if you should be quite useful in ensuring that the exhibition and adequacy inside
the undertakings can be presented accurately and the control of the assignments might be
accomplished inside the sort of way so that the future goals and objectives are attained (Ball and
Lunt, 2020). Thus, it is essential for the management to understand the way in which the
functioning of the company can be made better. For the First Part of this assignment, Tesco has
been selected. It is a British Company which provides a lot of retail products and services to its
customers in the market. For the Second Part of this assignment, Midlands Clothing has been
selected. It is a manufacturing company which deals in manufacturing of clothes and fabric. in
this record, a definite spotlight might be made on assessing the viability of activities controls
thoughts, programming of an idea of non-hinder improvement, programming of undertaking life
Cycle. Furthermore, the specific examination might be made on evaluation and scrutinization of
the use of p.c utilized inside the assignment.
TASK 1
P1:
It is necessary to implement the Operations Management Principles in the organizations.
Thus, the use of theories can be made to understand the way in which the operations of an
organization can be made better (Brown and et.al., 2021). The application of the following
theories is required to be done in Tesco for brining efficiency and effectiveness in the level of
operations-
Six Sigma-
It is an Operations Management theory which focuses on the identification of the
problem and ensuring that a solution can be found for it which will be quite helpful in ensuring
that the operational efficiency and effectiveness can be enhanced quite properly (Bruno and
et.al., 2021). Therefore, here it is quite essential that the use of DMAIC method can be made so
that the improvement in the processes is made for enhancing the customer satisfaction level. This
method is explained as follows-
Define- It refers to defining the problem which exists in the processes and operations.
Therefore, it is quite essential that Tesco is able to identify this particular problem and therefore
is able to make sure that it can take a right action in this regard.
Measure- It refers to measuring the impact which is created by the problem and thus it is
essential that the right actions are taken. This is required to be done in Tesco so that the solution
to the problem can be found out.

Analyze- It refers to the analysis of the problem so that the solution can be found out and
applied quite properly. For Tesco, it is required so that it is able to make sure that problem is
solved effectively and efficiently.
Improve- It refers to the analysis of the improvements to be made so that the processes
and operations can be improved. In Tesco, it is crucial so as to bring stability in the level of
operations.
Control- It means taking all the required actions which can be quite helpful in ensuring a
control on the operations. In the context of Tesco, it is required for the purpose of ensuring that
the control on the deviations and variations can be carried out.
Lean Principles-
Lean Principles refers to a concept which is used commonly for encouraging bringing of
continuous improvements in the organization (Choi and et.al., 2020). For Tesco, it is quite
crucial that the application of these principles is done so that the overall efficiency and
effectiveness can be enhanced. The Lean Principles are explained as follows-
Define value- This refers to the determination of the value for the customers (Clayton,
Devin and Holterman, 2021). The company is required to ensure that its products and services
create a particular level of value for the customers so that they are satisfied.
Map the Value Stream- This refer to the process of identification of the value for the
customer and ensuring that the activities are carried out so that the contribution to these values
can be ensured. Therefore, this will be quite helpful for the customers so that they are satisfied.
Create Flow- This refers to the step in which a continuous flow of the activities is
created which can be quite helpful in ensuring that the management of these activities is done in
quite a proper manner (Crull, 2020). Thus, in this way it is quite important for the organization
that this flow is created.
Establish Pull- This means ensuring to bringing the required level of efficiency and
effectiveness in the manufacturing process which will be quite helpful in attainment of the future
goals and objectives in a proper manner. Therefore, in this way it is very crucial for the firm that
it is done so that the products which are produced are able to satisfy the customers.
Pursue Perfection- This refers to the prevention of wastes. In the company, this has to
be done so that through the prevention of wastes the work can be managed in quite an
appropriate manner effectively and efficiently (Demcak and et.al., 2020). Thus, in this way it is
essential for the organization that the pursuit of perfection is done so as to bring the necessary
improvements.

M1: Review and Critique of the implementation of Operations Management
Operations Management is important from the point of view of the organizations. Thus, it
becomes necessary for Tesco that through making the use of Six Sigma and Lean Principles the
better management of the work can be ensured in the firm. Therefore, in this way it can be said
that the use of Operations Management will help a lot in bringing the required level of efficiency
and effectiveness in the organizations in a proper manner in the future.
TASK 2
P2:
Continuous Improvement Plan is required to be framed because through making its use
the organizations are able to ensure that they are able to bring the required level of improvements
in their processes which can help them a lot (Fedushko, Ustyianovych and Gregus, 2020). Tesco
is thus required to make sure that it makes the use of this plan to be able to attain the goals and
objectives set in the future.
Scenario- The productivity level of the employees in Tesco has reduced due to which the
production of the goods is getting affected. Therefore, it is required from the management of the
company that the use of a Continuous Improvement Plan can be made so that the required level
of improvements can be brought in the processes which will help the company a lot in the future.
The Continuous Improvement Plan which will be used by Tesco is as follows-
Problem Solution of the
problem
Supervising
Authority
Time Duration
Required
Lack of training of the
employees
Providing the required
training to the
employees
HR Manager 3 months
Lack of regular
assessment of the
performance
Regularly assessing
the performance level
of the employees
Supervisor 6 months
Lack of
implementation of the
improvement
measures
Implementing the
required improvement
measures
Production Manager 9 months
Lack of setting of
proper standards and
benchmarks
Setting of the required
standards and
benchmarks
Floor Supervisor 1 year
Thus, in this way it can be said that the implementation of Continuous Improvement Plan
is required to be done so that all the necessary improvements can be done quite properly. Its
importance for Tesco is as follows-

 Setting of the standards- Through making the use of the different types of standards it is
quite essential that the performance level is measured and thus the identification of
deviations and variations can be done. Therefore by making the use of CIP the company
will be able to set these standards which will help it a lot in bringing the required
improvements.
 Identification of the deviations and variations- When the use of CIP is made the
identification of the deviations and variations can be done quite easily (Hoffmann,
Ahlemann and Reining, 2020). Therefore, it is quite important for the management of the
organization that it makes its use which will help it in bringing the required level of
improvements in a proper manner.
 Carrying out the rectifications- Through making the use of CIP the different types of
rectifications can be carried out in quite a proper manner (Zhang, De Silva and
Rajagopal, 2020). Thus, it becomes quite necessary that the management of the firms can
make sure that these rectifications are made so that the attainment of the overall goals and
objectives can be made in a right way.
 Assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness- Through the use of CIP the assessment
of the efficiency and effectiveness level can be carried out in quite a proper manner (Latif
and et.al., 2021). Therefore, for the managers of the organization it becomes important to
make its use so that the determination of the efficiency and effectiveness can be carried
out and thus this will be quite helpful in ensuring that the better way of managing the
work can be implemented which will help the organization a lot.
 Timeline for improvements- In the CIP a timeline is set for the purpose of bringing out
the required improvements (Lemke, Janssen and Miller, 2020). Thus, in this way it can be
said that the management of the firms is required to make sure that it can be used for the
purpose of improving the overall processes and operations in a proper manner. In the
organization, it is useful because it helps in setting a timeline in which the improvements
will be made so that the operations can be improved in particular time duration.
 Better management of the functions- Use of CIP leads towards ensuring that the better
management of the different types of functions can be done (Mak, 2020). Therefore, in
this way it can be said that by ensuring that the management of the functions is done
appropriately the work can be managed in a better way.
Thus, in this way it can be suggested to the management of Tesco that it should make the
use of a Continuous Improvement Plan which will be quite helpful in leading towards
higher-level of overall productivity in the organization and can thus contribute towards
the attainment of sustainable level of success in the future in a right way effectively and
efficiently. Therefore, the managers are required to make sure that the plans are regularly
implemented within the organizations.

M2:
A Continuous Improvement Plan is highly effective in ensuring that the organizations are
able to ensure that they can easily identify the various types of problems and issues and are able
to bring out the required level of improvements effectively and efficiently. Tesco should make its
use so that the problems can be assessed in the operations and they can be solved by
implementing the required measures. This will help in making the CIP more effective and thus it
will be able to help the organizations to be able to execute their strategies in a better way,
D1: Application of the appropriate theories, concepts and models
It is necessary that the application of theories, concepts and models is done so that the
organizations are able to manage the operations and help in the better functioning of the firm. In
the context of Tesco, it becomes necessary to do so because this will help the company a lot in
ensuring that the better management of the level of operations can be done quite effectively and
efficiently. Therefore, the company will be able to serve its customers by providing them the
required value.
TASK 3
P3:
A Project Life Cycle refers to a cycle which explains the way in which a project is started
and can be completed which is helpful in the attainment of the required level of efficiency and
effectiveness (Martins and et.al., 2021). Therefore, it is quite important that the implementation
of PLC is done by Midlands Clothing which will be quite helpful for it to be able to attain the
required goals and objectives in the future.
Project Title- We Support You
Overview of the case study- In Midlands Clothing, there is a higher movement of staff
during the lunch break out of the premises which causes congestion in the local area. Also, the
staff members are to be providing with the different types of tips through which they are able to
adopt a healthy lifestyle which is as a part of CSR of the organization.
Stages of PLC- It is quite important that the stages of PLC are applied to a particular
project which will be required so as to make sure that the execution of the project can be carried
out in an appropriate way. This is essential for ensuring that the Project Management can be
done in a proper manner. The different stages of PLC which can be applied by Midlands
Clothing are as follows-
 Initiation phase- It is the phase where the project is started. It is an important stage
because here the entire planning which is related with project is done and the project is
started out. The Project of Midlands Clothing has to be initiated by ensuring that the
identification of the way in which the objectives are to be attained is found out. This will

further help the company to be able to ensure that its project is going in the right
direction. The teams which can complete the project are required to be formulated which
will be able to ensure that they are able to manage out the particular needs and
requirements which are related with the project and are able to start it in a proper way.
 Planning phase- It is the phase where all the planning which is related with the project is
required to be carried out. This is quite an important phase because it is very important to
apply the plans in a proper manner which will lead towards ensuring that the
implementation of these plans can be carried out. Therefore, Midlands Clothing will be
required to make sure that it creates detailed plans which are required for the purpose of
successful execution of the project which will thus help a lot in ensuring that the project
is successful in the future by realizing its goals and objectives.
 Implementation phase- It is the phase where the implementation of the plans which
have been prepared is done so that the plans can become successful in the future. For an
organization like Midlands Clothing, it is a crucial phase because here the
implementation of the plans will be carried out and this will help in making the project
successful in the future.
 Closing phase- This refers to the phase where the project is completed. It is quite
important that the execution of this project is done properly so that the project is able to
attain its goals and objectives. For Midlands Clothing, it is important that the required
attention is given towards this phase so that the attainment of the future goals and
objectives of the company can be done in quite a proper manner which will be quite
useful for the company as its project will be successful.
There are different types of methodologies which can be used in Project Management
(Qudrat-Ullah and Panthallor, 2021). Some of them are explained as follows-
 Waterfall methodology- It is a traditional approach towards Project Management. If
Midlands Clothing uses it for its project then it will be completed in a linear and
sequential manner and therefore this will lead towards completion of the project
before the next one begins.
 Agile methodology- It is an approach of Project Management where the different
types of amendments can be made and therefore this helps a lot in ensuring the
adaptation of the project as and when required. This can be useful for Midlands
Clothing so that it is able to ensure that it completes its project well within the set
time-limit.
It is recommended to the management of Midlands Clothing that the use of Agile
methodology can be made because through making its use the organization will be
able to make sure that it is able to make the required revisions and rectifications so
that the organization can attain the various types of goals and objectives which are
related with its project in quite a proper manner in the future.

M3: Analysis of the rationale of the project
In Midlands Clothing, it is quite important that the project planning is done so that the
project attains the desired success, The rationale behind the project is to ensure that the staff
productivity increases which will help in managing the different types of tasks. Thus, it is quite
important for the organization that it is able to ensure that it identifies the goals and objectives to
be attained in the future and can thus attain a higher-level of efficiency and effectiveness so that
they can be achieved. In this way, the company will be able to attain a much-desired strategic
and competitive edge over the competitors in the market.
TASK 4
P4:
The application of PLC can be done in the project- We Support You because in this way
Midlands Clothing will be able to bring an overall change in the functioning and operations
which will be helpful for it in the future (Santos and et.al., 2020). The review and critique of the
effectiveness of PLC can be done as follows-
 In the Initiation phase, Midlands Clothing will be required to make sure that it is able to
identify the way the project has to be initiated so that the work can be managed in an
appropriate manner within the company. It has to ensure that the project will be able to
cover up the objectives for which its initiation is being done which will thus help a lot in
ensuring that the project is successful.
 In the Planning phase, Midlands Clothing will be required to create the plans which will
help it a lot in making its project successful. Thus, in this way it is quite essential that the
managers here are able to find out the ways in which the implementation of these plans
can be done which will thus help them a lot in attaining the desired goals and objectives
in a proper manner.
 In the Implementation phase, Midlands Clothing has to identify the particular ways in
which it will be able to implement the various types of plans so that it can make sure that
the project is successful. Therefore, it becomes crucial for the organization that it
identifies the strengths and weaknesses of its plans and identifies the best one to be
implemented which will thus help it in successfully completing the project. This decision
has to be taken after consulting with the subordinates also as they are the ones who will
be required to work in order to makes the project successful.
 In the Closing phase, Midlands Clothing has to ensure that the project closure is done so
that the success of the project can be measured. Thus, it is important for the firms that
they are able to make sure that project can be used to be able to attain the relevant goals
and objectives which are associated with it. The managers have to assess whether the
project has been able to successfully meet out the tasks for which it was initiated by the
firm.

Thus, it can be said that the effectiveness of PLC is high in ensuring that the Project is
successful in the future. This is so because of the following reasons-
 Division of tasks- The PLC is quite effective in ensuring that the tasks can be divided
(Sorkun, 2020). Therefore, in this way it can be said that this will be helpful for Midlands
Clothing for ensuring that the goals and objectives which are related with the project can
be accomplished successfully which will be helpful for the organization.
 Management of the project activities- The PLC can be quite useful in ensuring that the
management of the all the activities which are related with the project is carried out
(Tegegne and Kim, 2020). Therefore, in the context of Midlands Clothing it can be
highly useful in ensuring that the management of these activities can be carried out so
that the company can make its project successful in the future.
 Assessment of the project- It is quite crucial to make sure that the assessment of the
project is carried out so that the measurement of the success of the project can be done
(Terada and et.al., 2020). PLC can be used for this particular purpose and is useful to
make sure that the projects are executed quite effectively and efficiently in a proper
manner which will help in ensuring that the attainment of the goals and objectives related
with the project can be done.
 Controlling- Through making the use of PLC, the control on the project activities can be
kept (Tikidji-Hamburyan, Kropat and Weber, 2020). This can be done by setting
benchmarks and standards and measuring the actual performance to identify the
deviations and variations. If there are deviations and variations then rectifying steps can
be taken to remove them in a proper manner. Thus, in this way decisions which are
related with the project can be taken appropriately and thus this will help a lot in ensuring
that the better management of the work can be done.
Thus, it can be said that the effectiveness of PLC is quite high in ensuring that the
Project is started in the right way and is able to meet out the tasks for which it was
initiated and thus this can be helpful in ensuring that the better management of the
different types of projects can be done in a proper manner. It is thus recommended to the
management of Midlands Clothing that its use can be made. Thus, it is quite important
that the use of the right methods and techniques can be made so that the project is
managed quite appropriately.
M4:
The theories, concepts and models are required to be applied so that the effectiveness
which is created by PLC can be judged. It is important for Midlands Clothing that it is able to
ascertain its effectiveness so that the better management of the projects can be done by it. In this
way, the company will be able to ensure that the project is successful and contributes towards the
attainment of optimum level of success quite effectively and efficiently in the future. Therefore,
it is important so that the differentiation between small-scale projects and large-scale projects
can be done in a proper way.

D2: Critical evaluation of the PLC
A PLC has different types of stages. The analysis of these stages is important from the
point of view of a Project Manager of an organization. This is so because through performing the
analysis of these stages a Project Manager is able to ensure that the wide variety of activities
which are required to be executed to make a project successful are identified and they can be
used for the purpose of raising the efficiency and effectiveness level of the project in a proper
manner. Therefore, the Project Manager in Midlands Clothing is required to carry out a thorough
analysis and interpretation of the stages of the PLC which will be helpful to manage the project
within a given time-frame. In this way, the organization will be able to manage the stages of the
project quite well so that the project is able to attain success in the future. This will help them a
lot by ensuring that the tasks are completed well within time.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that Operations and Project Management
refers to the use of approaches which help in ensuring a smooth functioning of the processes
within the organization. Through making its use the improvement in the processes can be
brought and thus the better management of work can take place. It is quite important for the
managers of a company that they should be able to make its proper use so that the attainment of
the short-term, medium-term and long-term goals and objectives can be done within the
company. Therefore, it is also essential that the scope for making the required level of
improvements is identified here which will be helpful in ensuring that through making these
improvements the productivity level of the employees can be enhanced. This will be useful in
ensuring that the better management of the work can be carried out in the future.