Leadership Strategies for Student Success

This assignment explores how effective school leaders utilize transformational and instructional strategies to positively influence student outcomes. It delves into research on leadership styles, their application in educational settings, and the factors contributing to successful implementation. The analysis examines various studies and theories related to leadership development and its impact on student achievement.

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
Management and Operations...........................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Define manager and leader and comparison between their role and characteristics...........1
P 2. Role of leader and function of mangers applicable in different situation............................2
P3. Theories and model of leadership.........................................................................................4
M 1. Role of leaders vs managers...............................................................................................6
M 2. Strengths and weaknesses as per work environment..........................................................6
D 1. Theories related to leadership.............................................................................................6
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................7
P 4. Approaches of operation management and roles that leaders play......................................7
P 5. For achieving business objectives what are the importance and value of operation
management. ..............................................................................................................................9
M 3. Determination of leaders and managers in order to improve efficiency among operation
management. ............................................................................................................................10
P 6. Impact of business environment on operation management and decision making of
leaders and managers................................................................................................................10
M 4. Factors that affects wider communities as well as business environments. ....................12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................14

Introduction
Business administration and planning helps organisation to do proper planning and
strategies to make corporation efficient. For the management and operation of business require
specific skill and knowledge to earn productivity. Direction can be made by mangers to their
subordinate and leadership is done by leader. Effective establishment improve the productivity
of business , design quality programs, and apply team approaches principal to solve the problem
of organisation. In this assignment the food industry Booker ltd is adopting leadership and
management techniques to improve the efficiency of organisation. This industry is largest food
wholesale operator of UK and offer branded goods to consumers. This company want to know
about the situational and contingency theories of leadership. To know the difference between
management and leadership and role of them in operation of business is cleared by this report.
Task 1
P1. Define manager and leader and comparison between their role and characteristics.
Manager: A individual who provide certain task to a group and give order and
suggestion to subordinate of company. He is responsible for the activities of organisation which
related to controlling and administration (Fitzsimmons and Callan, , 2016.). This person is in
charge of tactics, action and training of a sports team. Main aim of manager is to motivate their
employees toward work so than progress of employment can be increased. This person do
control on expenditure and resources of company .
Leader: A individual who have dominate and will power in organisation to control the
activity of others or employees. influence group of people to achieve the objective of company
and maximise profit. Leadership is done by leader to give order to employees and improve the
skill and provide training to them. A person who leads, guiding, directing it team and head for
increase the efficiency of worker.
Basis of difference
(role and
characteristics)
Manager Leader
Objective Goal is establish by
manager which is
Motivate employees toward goal and give
suggestion how to achieve and create vision for
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necessary for
employees to
accomplished.
them.
risk Risk is control by
managers or minimize
the risk
Leader take risk by applying n innovative
ideas.
Focus Manager focus on
structure and process
which is necessary to
achieve the goal
Leader focus on maintaining and building
relationships with employees to motivate them
toward goal.
Thinking Manager think and
work on short term
goal.
Intention of leader to achieve long term
objective.
Gap and cognitive
conflict
Manager use this help
people to take specific
action on particular
path.
Leader use cognitive conflict to help
employees about their vision or its reality.
Development Managers are
responsible for own
development
Leaders develop their team and skill of
employees.
Honesty Managers have to
honest toward their
organisation because
decision are taken by
him.
Leader is honest toward their team because
work of leader is to maintain relationship with
their unit.
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P 2. Role of leader and function of mangers applicable in different situation.
Function of managers: Growth of organisation is difficult process but the manger
evaluate the performance of company through hid skill. It is primary challenge of manger to
solve the difficult problem of company. Important function of mangers which effect
organisation and help to achieve the goal. Any situation which can be solved by these functions.
Planning: If any difficulties arise in choosing the goal than planing help to decide the goal which
increase the affectivity of organisation. Planning require that analysis on future condition
through forecasting and be aware of environmental condition which create problem in achieving
goal (Johnston. and Marshall, 2016). For example if Goal of company is to improve the sale of
company than planing is done to reduce the cost of advertisement, hiring qualified staff,
satisfaction level of customers, demands of consumers. After complete planning manger follows
all steps to achieve the target.
Organising : After proper planning it is necessary to organise material and team according to the
plan. It involve processing of organisational structure by assigning work to employees. In this
decision is made for delegating responsibility and duties according to the efficiency.
Staffing: if company is facing problem of good staff and old staff is not working efficiently than
staffing is possible by recruiting new employees, training, selecting (Hoch and et.al., 2016). A
manger is work for human resources development to complete the aim of organisation. For
example a company have no any accountant than problem is arise of auditing for financial
statement so that it became necessary to appoint accountant for the company.
Leading : This is very important part of organisation because without any guidelines no
employees is able to perform their work. Leading involve motivating , guiding, encouraging
employees toward goal and provide training to achieve the goal. Mangers duties to understands
the values, personalities, emotions, attitudes of their subordinate so that direction can be given to
them accordingly.
Controlling : It include three step one is to establish performance standard second is to compare
actual performance against standard and third one is to take corrective action. It include
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monetary term if company facing problem of high cost and heavy expenditure. Than through
these feature it is possible to control the cost of production. It includes revenue cost, number of
defective product etc. to control; the behaviour of employees or staff can be possible through it.
Role of leader in difficult situations:
leader play vital role in difficult situations of organisation. Work of leader is to enhance
their team and employees of company. Goal of company can be achieve by those employees who
have complete dedication toward work. The brook company facing many difficulties or problems
related to work, responsibilities, team building than leader try to solve the problem of industry.
Problem of coordination: Every individual or employees who have different in nature than it is
difficult for some employees to adjust with them (Reiche, and et.al., 2017). Leader lead his team
toward their goal and build such type of environment. so that all workers feel comfortable with
everyone. For example , perform recreational activities and allow them to play a game, give them
task in sharing so that communication became easy among all. Coordination is created between
team and members of unit through proper leadership.
Problem of sharing ideas: Some time employees found innovative ideas which is beneficial for
organisation but hesitate to share that ideas with their managers. Leader motivate them and
develop their skill and listen their ideas carefully. Transfer ideas of worker to the upper
management so that manger can apply his ideas, this work of leader solve the problem of
communication between mangers and staff.
Training problem: New employees in organisation have not able to perform their work
efficiently because they have no knowledge about the work. Leader provide them training and
explain all concept of organisation so that it is easy for him to concentrate on work. Motivation
and efficiency is also increased through proper training.
P3. Theories and model of leadership.
Different theories which provide helps to organisation to solve the problem of
organisation. Leadership is the combination of personality and trait character and determined the
behaviours of employees (Church and et.al., 2016). relationship between employees and manger
is maintain through leadership. Goal can be achieved by applying model of leadership in
company. Some theory are trait theory, skill theory, contingency theory, situational theory,
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system theory etc. the booker group plc have to follow this model to increase efficiency of their
organisation.
Situational leadership: This model of leadership is powerful and flexible which
influence employees and mangers toward their work efficiently. It is adaptive leadership style. It
is based on relationship between leaders and followers (Chuang, Jackson,. and Jiang, 2016).
Situational model analysis the situation which based on gaudiness and direction which is given
by leader to employees it is called task behaviour, objective of task and the amount of support
which provided by leader to team , it cam be said relationship behaviour.
Leader should have known about the four core which help leader in difficult situation and
understand the problem of employees:
 To understand and diagnosis the situation which influence employees.
 To accept the behaviour of employees and try to adjust with them.
 To understand the problem of employees it is necessary to communicate with them
according to situation.
 To mange the movement of employees according to their work this is called advance
core.
 To create work group and people.
This type of leadership influence the behaviour of employees and helps organisation to keep
discriminating awareness, create more productive team, formed involved and committed
employees.
System leadership: This theory is result of effort of many researchers who developed plan for
organisation. This leadership give contrast on relation of leader with external environment and
other elements. Through this leadership it can be possible to think about the overall performance
of organisation (Hammond, Clapp-Smith, and Palanski, 2017). It also connected with such parts
which are product, resources, employees, information which make system complex.
Environment is not affected by closed system but open system affect the environment.
Organisation is treat as open system because external environmental affect the performance of
internal work. In open system three elements are important which are natural resources,
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equipment, and work of employees and they call inputs of organisation. Result, services, product
which come through input is known as output.
Contingency leadership: This theory is closely related to situational approach and it give
emphasis on personality of leader and the situation which leader have to operate. Theory is
related to motivative thinking which is related to particular aspect of decision of leadership
status. In this situation is unique and the ideal leader-led situation will be unique as well. This
leadership includes two type of leadership which is task motivated and relationship motivated
(Knoll, and et.al., 2016.). This leadership is explained by three factors which are
 Leader- member relationship which is created by trust, confidence and loyalty.
 Project structure which is related to task given by leader and completed by
employees for achieve the objectives.
 The position power is related to the reward and punishment which is given by leader
to their employees or he have authority to take decision of organisation.
M 1. Role of leaders vs managers
There are several variation in duties of leaders and managers. A responsibility of an
leader to lead the workforce by working with them. While the managers manages the duties and
pay-offs of the worker instead of working with them. Leadership can be required at all the levels
of Booker Group PLC, to guide and motivate the employees towards their duties. While the
managers are only able to manage and allot the tasks to employees (Meuser and et.al., 2016.).
Leaders can access the weaknesses of workers and help them to make improvements. These
guidances can be done by performing same challenges, tasks or duties with the employees.
M 2. Strengths and weaknesses as per work environment.
Leaders of Booker Group PLC are responsible in making the favourable changes in the
work performances of employees. They need to guide them timely and suggests them to make
several changes in their behaviours and methods of doing the duties. There can be load over the
workforce during peak seasons. The requirements in the numbers of employees can be increased
as per demand generated for the production. To meet the challenges the leaders or managers of
the organisation has make proper management work and workforce.
D 1. Theories related to leadership
There can be several theories which relates with leadership operations:
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 Great Man Theory: The theory only denotes that the leaders can only born, they are
legend by birth (Day, Gu, and Sammons, 2016). It means the quality of leadership can be
owned by an leader which is in his genetic, he didn't developed those skills, these are all
in his character by birth.
 Trait Theory: This theory reflects that the leaders are either born or develop the quality
of intelligence, creativity, senses of responsibilities and other valuable skills which makes
them leaders.
 Behavioural Theory: Theory is based on the fact that leaders can be made or developed
they are not born. It depends over the behaviour of the leaders and their decisions on the
right time and at the required conditions, will make them able to lead.
Task 2
P 4. Approaches of operation management and roles that leaders play.
Staffing, organising, managing, controlling, leading etc. Are some important tasks that
are performed under organisational structure which are determined as operational management.
In order to attain effective management criteria Booker limited company has to adopt several
crucial approaches by interacting among business environment. Such key approaches are : -
External variables : - managers focus on analyzing external environment to understand the needs
as well as preferences of consumers on a timely basis. Business environment is basically
dynamic which cannot be determined or controlled by managers, however, their duty is to
understand the market behavior and likewise executes those reactions into actions (Shao, Feng
and Hu, 2016).
Communication system:- another basic approach of operational manager is to effectively
communicate with every staff members under business organization which is beneficial in
eradicating every possible conflicts. However, managers task is to formulate effective plans for
business undertakings and therefore, those must be efficiently communicated among their
employers which further conveyed to employees. If plans would not be communicated properly
and if it wont be understandable than it may affect the production system of cited company.
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Managerial transformation process:- diversification among inputs of Booker ltd is very effective
for enhancing managerial processes (Armstrong, 2016). Such process involves some personnel to
perform numerous functions including- financial, marketing, production etc. transformation is a
necessity in order to encourage the latest technique high quality products.
Inputs and claimants : - inputs of external environment comprises skills, people, technologies,
managerial skills, production skills etc. further, every organization are liable to serve people of
different groups including- stakeholders, suppliers, buyers, employees etc. they further make
numerous demands towards the company like- consumers demands for quality products with
diversification, investors demands for more returns, government desires for timely paying taxes
and workers wants to achieve satisfaction and timely benefits.
Roles performed under operational management: -
Asset management : - effective management should be maintained of organizational equipment
or machines such as- buildings, stocks, finances and many more. Lack of management can affect
operational undertakings and vise versa.
Human resource management:- major function that has to be performed by operational manager
under Booker ltd company is to manage the flow of human resources effectively and efficiently.
This is fruitful in attaining personnel as well as organisational growth and generates more profit.
Management of cost : - to enhance or develop production of Booker company, manager has to
undertake proper managing of funds which can easily generate high quality products and
services (Baczyńska and Thornton, 2017). Management of costs is useful in generating cost
effective production with high quality output.
Leaders role under operation management:-
Solicits effective support :- leaders mainly aid in providing guidance, support and cooperates
their subordinates to perform their assigned tasks. Further, they generate effective ideas to
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enhance knowledge and skills of their employees for increasing their morale and trusts. Thus,
initiating support also creates friendly environment and reduces every conflicts.
Acts as a motivator : - motivation is the key factor which needs to be adopted by every leader
and employer to increase the morale and efficiency of employees towards their work. However,
it is very beneficial to be performed under every organisational level. Motivation may vary in
terms of- establishing training and development sessions, incentives, rewards, bonuses etc.
Providing these benefits will enhance their trust and loyalty among cited firm.
P 5. For achieving business objectives what are the importance and value of operation
management.
Operational management is the most crucial management function which need to be
implemented effectively and efficiently. Proper operational undertakings re beneficial in
manufacturing high quality products and services which fulfills demands of potential buyers and
even generates more growth and revenue for the firm. Operational manager of Booker ltd needs
to formulate effective plans to enhance the quality and design of the manufactured food products
to increase their costumers.
In order to achieve sustainability every business organization must timely modify their
production system by acknowledging the latest techniques. However, cited firm must manage
their operational department by recruiting skilled qualified personnel which can enhance the
process and concentrates on producing cost effective products with high quality. Moreover,
maintaining proper operational department also leads to increase profit and growth of company
in present as well as in the future.
Manufacturing affordable price products with good quality is the primary objective of
every food company which is possible only by adopting cost effectiveness in the production
system (Peppard and Ward, 2016). Similarly, if products are produced with high quality and low
price it will generate more consumers which will on the other hand enhance its profitability.
Needs of working capital requirement under company's is even fulfilled by adopting effective
operational management.
Booker ltd company aids in expanding its business sector by analyzing consumers
demands and behavior or external environment. This in turn benefits them to produce high
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quality innovative food products which attracts more buyers and satisfy them. Operational
department is very crucial for the firm because it examines quality and quantity of raw material s
and end products on a timely basis. And likewise concern over advancement of techniques,
management of quality, bench marking etc. such examinations further helps managers to
understand the weaknesses and strength of the Booker ltd company.
Thus, adoption of effective operational management department efficiently manages
organisational resources, plant and machinery, buildings etc. and enhancement of its productivity
by reducing hurdles and risks that are prevailing under business environment. This further
encourages firms good will and competitiveness among their rivalries.
M 3. Determination of leaders and managers in order to improve efficiency among operation
management.
Desired growth and profits of companies can be achieved by promoting effective
production system. Managers and leaders of the cited firms performs a crucial role for the
enhancement of organizational revenue as well as its growth. Managers tasks is to generate
market research in order to analyze preferences of potential buyers and to adopt the latest
technologies that are prevailing under business environment. Likewise, they formulate plans and
those are further communicated or shared among leaders. Similarly, they establish creative and
innovative ideas to execute those plans.
Later on, these are communicated among subordinates by their leaders effectively and
efficiently. Leaders provides them with effective training and development sessions or seminars
to enhance their knowledge and skills to perform effective production system within formulated
budgets (Laudon and Laudon, 2016). Moreover, provides effective guidance and supports to
employees which enhances their interest and loyalty among assigned tasks. Various incentives or
benefits are provided to them for enhancement of trust and loyalty among Booker ltd company.
Thus, operation management is actively performed by the efficient role performed by managers
and leaders to achieve the goals and objectives for the organization.
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P 6. Impact of business environment on operation management and decision making of leaders
and managers.
Business environment keeps on fluctuating and changing according to the needs and preferences
of buyers. Therefore, it has a huge impact over Booker ltd company environment such as :-
Economic factors : - this is the most crucial factor which provides information related to the
profitability of business enterprise. Economical factor consists of inflation rate, disposable
income, interest rate etc. which influences the company's growth. While producing or
manufacturing products or services this factor is mainly determined because if more of funds are
invested in the production activity than it will result in creating expensive products (Wheelen and
Hunger, 2017). On the other hand if production is undertaken under formulated budgets than it
will enhance cost effective products and services. Thus, it does create a huge impact over
decision making of leaders and managers.
Legal factors :- this factor mainly aids in understanding rights of the potential buyers, health and
safety, government intervention, equal opportunities and many more. Every organization has to
perform their business activities which are formulated by legislation which influences the
managers and leaders while making decisions regarding production processes. Managers has to
initiate plans which are framed as per the laws of particular country.
Technological factors :- Booker ltd company has established research and development
processes to analyze the latest technologies that are prevailing under business environment.
However, this further helps in generating demands and needs of potential consumers to establish
competitiveness among their rival firms (Anthony Swaim and et.al., 2016). This in turn affects
the decision making or managers and leaders because by adopting the latest techniques different
plans and decisions are taken by the producers which encourages better quality production. Thus,
this enhance the expansion and growth of the company in present as well as ion the future.
Social factors :- cultural influences and beliefs of potential buyers usually influences the
environmental factors of the company. Every people of different segments have diversified
opinions regarding manufactured products. Moreover, opinions of consumers and their
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preferences are influenced according to age, sex, caste, race etc. in order to overcome all such
demands managers and leaders of cited firm has to evaluate their business decisions in order to
fulfill their buyers needs and demands.
Political factors :- this factor determines the government involvement under the business
undertakings. Policies and rules under every organization are formulated as per the norms of the
government. For undertaking the effective production function under Booker ltd company it is
important for their managers and leaders to encourage political stability which is beneficial in
reducing government intervention (Su, Tzeng and Hu, 2016). Tax laws, government policies,
trade policies, labor regulations etc. are some political factors which influences the decision
making of managers and leaders under Booker ltd company.
Environmental factors :- there are many factors which influences the environment of business
organization. Such factors are beneficial in analyzing the demands and preferences of their
potential buyers. However, to cope up with such changes managers and leaders are liable to
develop plans and make their decisions accordance with such environmental factors. This further
helps in enhancing growth and revenue of Booker ltd company.
M 4. Factors that affects wider communities as well as business environments.
Technological factors, environmental factors, legal factors, social factors, economic
factors affects the business environment of Booker ltd company at a great extent. Organisational
functions and activities generally influence due to government interventions in terms of taxes,
legal structure, interest rates etc. such factors increases the price of the products and services that
are produced. On the other hand, business environment is dynamic which keeps on fluctuating
and like wise it diversifies demands and needs of potential buyers. However, operational
managers has to formulate production plans by analyzing market preferences and their
competitors to produce high quality effective products (Akhtar and et.al., 2017). Similarly,
technologies are the key factor which influences buyers behavior and affects the business
environment adversely. Nowadays people aids in buying the latest technology products which is
creating more competencies among their substitutes. However, managers and leaders
responsibility is to adopt those technologies and manufacture creative and qualitative goods to
serve their buyers and likewise generates complete satisfaction.
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Conclusion
From the above research it has been identified that every business organization must
undertake effective operation system to enhance their production system. Enhancement of
operational function is fruitful in manufacturing high quality products which are comprising the
latest technology. However, managers of Booker ltd company must formulate plans by
concerning about macro factors which is beneficial for the growth and productivity of firm as
compared to their competitors. There is an emerging competition among food companies,
therefore, Booker ltd must adopt the latest technology to produce high quality low price products
which will encourage their competitiveness among its substitutes. Similarly, it will also enhance
its revenues and growth for present as well as for future.
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