Operation Management in Gas Pipeline Construction: Welding Accidents

This report delves into the critical issue of welding-related accidents within the context of gas pipeline construction in Australia. It begins with an overview of the Australian gas transmission pipeline framework and pipeline construction processes. The report then identifies and analyzes various types of accidents, including gas leakages due to stress corrosion cracking, natural force damage, excavation damage, and equipment failures. A comprehensive literature review examines these accident types, exploring their causes and effects. The research employs a causal research design to investigate the relationship between welding practices and accidents. The report also includes a detailed research design, addressing research questions, related work, and data analysis methods. The findings emphasize the importance of effective operational management to mitigate risks, improve safety protocols, and prevent costly accidents. The conclusion highlights the need for rigorous testing mechanisms, employee re-evaluation, and adherence to company goals to ensure the integrity and safety of gas pipeline operations. The report provides a mind map and tables to visualize the research process and findings.

Running Head: WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Operation Management in Gas Pipeline Construction in Australia
Welding Related Accidents during Pipeline Construction.
Student’s name:
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Table of Contents
Figure...............................................................................................................................................3
Table................................................................................................................................................3
Abstract............................................................................................................................................4
Introduction......................................................................................................................................5
Australia's gas transmission pipeline framework.........................................................................5
Pipeline construction....................................................................................................................5
Pipeline accidents.........................................................................................................................6
Literature Review............................................................................................................................7
Gas leakage due to stress corrosion cracking...............................................................................7
Gas leakage due to Natural Force Damage..................................................................................7
Excavation damage to gas pipes..................................................................................................8
Equipment failure of the plant.....................................................................................................9
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................10
Research Design............................................................................................................................11
Research Question......................................................................................................................11
Related work..............................................................................................................................11
Casual research design...........................................................................................................11
Cross-section research design................................................................................................12
Design....................................................................................................................................13
Mind map on the research method.............................................................................................15
Design Questions...........................................................................................................................16
Correlation.................................................................................................................................16
Advantages of correlation......................................................................................................16
Experiments...............................................................................................................................16
Advantages of Experiments...................................................................................................17
Disadvantages of Experiments..............................................................................................17
Ethical issues associated with human being as participants of research....................................17
Respect for Persons................................................................................................................17
Beneficence............................................................................................................................18
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Justice....................................................................................................................................18
Result analysis............................................................................................................................19
Interpretation..........................................................................................................................19
Literature Planner..........................................................................................................................20
Research question......................................................................................................................26
Themes discussed in the Literature Review...............................................................................26
Design........................................................................................................................................26
Finding.......................................................................................................................................26
Gaps...........................................................................................................................................26
References......................................................................................................................................27
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Figure
Mind Map (fig 1.0)
Table
P-value table (Table 1.0)
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
This paper is about operational management in the gas pipeline in Australia. However, the paper
narrows down into the welding related accidents during pipeline construction. There are a lot of
accidents associated with the gas industries that need to be addressed to create a control
mechanism. The significance of the research topic is to analyze the accidents caused by welding.
The research will use the casual research design methodology which uses the cause and effect
approach in its analysis. The research analyses the cause which in turns dictates the effect of
insinuated by the research question. The research indicated that there are a lot of accidents
related to the welding activities. When the pipes are not well fixed during welding, they cause
leakages which cause a lot of losses. In this case, the company can formulate a testing
mechanism before releasing the gases to ensure that there are not gas leakages. However, the
employee should be re-evaluated to ensure that all of them qualify to do welding and also ensure
that they uphold the company’s goals in mind.
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Introduction
Pipelines are used to transmit assorted sorts of gas and diverse liquids, for instance, oil, slurry,
and water. They are an essential establishment for Australia and basic for the essentialness
business.
Australia's first pipeline was charged to transport water to the Coolgardie gold fields in the late
1800s. This set a general perspective by being more than ten times longer than some other
pipeline than in nearness. The Moonie to Brisbane pipeline was the foremost Australian pipeline
attempted to transport oil. It was done in 1964 and was 306 kilometers long. Around at that
point, it was the longest high-weight pipeline in Australia. Presently, more than 37,000km of
high-weight gas transmission pipelines explores the country. Vaporous oil is the third most basic
essentialness item in Australia, giving a normal 20 for every penny of Australia's imperativeness
requirements.
Australia's gas transmission pipeline framework
Australia has more than 37,000 kilometers of vaporous oil transmission pipelines that capably
transport gas under high weight from where it is conveyed to the edges of urban territories both
colossal and little. Every molecule of gas used as a piece of Australia goes in any occasion
practically to its objective in a transmission pipeline.
Pipeline construction
Transmission pipelines can be many kilometers long, and they can go through a wide assortment
of landscape with various geographical and geological highlights, and additionally State and
Territory outskirts. Picking the last course relies upon various factors, including soil sorts,
geological highlights that represent extra difficulties, for example, waterway intersections and
bluffs, the area of verdure environment, the nearness of different utilities, for example, high-
pressure electrical cables, populace focuses, legacy locales, and land obtaining and other
authoritative necessities. Once the course has been chosen, the way toward securing all the vital
endorsements starts. This is probably going to incorporate applications including a few
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
procedures in various government divisions and organizations – in more than one ward if the
pipeline is crossing fringes – and working with nearby governments. While the endorsements
procedure is underway, the plan designers and group contact officers begin work.
Pipeline accidents
There are a ton of mischances required amid pipeline development. These incorporate blast,
Welding mischances, and numerous others. Be that as it may, this report handles the welding
related mishaps amid the development of the pipeline. For example, the blast happened when an
excavator for a Georgia-based development organization struck an underground transmission
pipeline when utilizing an excavator. The pipeline, which was conveying fuel, burst and started
to spill. The gas touched off, causing a little fire. At the time, one man was articulated dead and
five others taken to zone healing centers. One of the five harmed men was hospitalized as of not
long ago, when he passed far from the wounds, he maintained in the blast.
Work environment mishaps happen, particularly in unsafe callings, for example, development,
horticulture, and production line work. To enable harmed specialists to recoup from their wounds
and keep on supporting themselves and their families, Georgia officials have passed the Workers'
Compensation Act, which takes into consideration harmed laborers to get pay while they
recuperate. Specialists' remuneration advantages might be long-or here and now, contingent upon
the idea of the wounds managed and the normal recuperation time. Furthermore, the groups of
laborers who have been murdered at work because of a work environment mishap may likewise
be qualified for long-haul specialists' remuneration advantages to help balance the loss of salary
caused by their misfortune.
As a rule, laborers' pay claims don't require that the harmed party build up that their damage was
the blame of the business. Nonetheless, over and over again, the insurance agencies that
guarantee laborers' remuneration approaches see claims with an eye toward denying them. It is
like this recommended that any individual who has managed work environment damage contact
a devoted Georgia specialists' remuneration lawyer to examine their case.
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Literature Review
Gas leakage due to stress corrosion cracking
Just about 40,000 individuals in South Australia's north confronted days without gas after the
Moomba-Adelaide pipeline cracked. The Residents in Port Pirie and Whyalla persevered through
chilly showers and cooked on grills, while nursing homes and healing centers attempted to watch
over inhabitants with gas supplies not anticipated that would return until the point that the issue
was fathomed. Stress erosion breaking is a characteristic procedure that can cause a continuous
lessening in the divider thickness of a pipe when the surface of a pipe interacts with nature. This
could be on the inward or outer surface of a pipe. We utilize coatings, thorough manufacture,
establishment and assessment measures, and cathodic insurance frameworks to constrain the
danger of erosion. (“Gas pipeline rupture caused by ‘stress corrosion cracking’),” n.d.)
This examination was finished by the utilization casual research design. The research team at
Pipeline Industry examined the cause of gas leakage through the use of experimental and
statistical methods and identified that the leakage was caused by stress corrosion cracking.
These analyses lead to an effect of installing new pipes and also ensuring that the new pipes
would be sealed against corrosion. (Westlund & Stuart, 2017)
Gas leakage due to Natural Force Damage
Common power harm implies normally happening occasions. These occasions incorporate a
discharge or disappointment coming about because of earth development, seismic tremors,
avalanches, subsidence, lightning, substantial downpours/surges, washouts, buoyancy,
mudslides, scouring, temperature, ice hurl, solidified segments, high breezes, or comparative
regular causes. The greatest commitments to real mishap hazard at the land-based plants will be
hydrocarbon spills with subsequent flames or blasts. Such plants regularly highlight generation
forms which include substantial streams of hydrocarbons, and habitually have the impressive
capacity limit. (Fu, A., Kuang, X., Han, Y., Lu, C., Bai, Z., Yin, C., & ... Yang, Y, 2016).A
noteworthy escape of hydrocarbons ashore could as needs be bigger than a major hole on a
seaward establishment. What's more, forms at a plant are regularly more mind-boggling, with
high temperatures and weights.
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Therefore, the results of a fire or blast could be extensive. Be that as it may, the danger of
individual damage will be bringing down ashore than with a comparative occurrence seaward.
This is because clearing openings are better in the previous case, while the quantity of
individuals near the procedure zone won't be as high amid ordinary operation.
At the point when adjustments are being completed in parallel with full creation, nonetheless,
that photo could change and a bigger number of individuals might be uncovered.
Experience from remote plants shows that significant support errands speak to an unmistakable
increment in chance.
This research was done through the cross-section research design. In this case, the group of
stations that were affected by the hydrocarbons was analyzed. (“Hydrocarbon leaks and fires -
Petroleum Safety Authority Australia,” n.d.)This analysis leads to the identification of high
levels of hydrocarbon.
Excavation damage to gas pipes
Excavation Damage is harm to the outer covering of a pipe or imprints, scratches, cuts or
punctures caused by exhuming (burrowing, reviewing, trenching, exhausting, and so on).
Exhuming harm can cause prompt disappointment because of contact with the removal hardware
and the pipe, or a postponed disappointment or expanded potential for future holes. Those diving
in the Australia is required to call 811 for a free support of find underground utilities. There have
additionally been noteworthy upgrades in markings to caution about diving in specific territories.
The first occurrence was at a clinic and it took a touch of examining work in light of the fact that
the flag continued hopping onto different administrations, however in the long run the
organization could get it by tailing it in reverse from the end point in the cellar auto stop to
where they were delving in the garden bed. (Fu et al., 2016) The second example was in a jail
and they at first had a person out who just utilized ground infiltrating radar. At the point when
the business got at the jail, they demanded to do a full situate by snaring onto completely all that
they could and finding everything out. The last case was in a private road. Scarcely any of the
gas administrations to the houses had followed wires on them. (Westlund & Stuart, 2017) After
spending a large portion of a-day on location with the locator checking everything conductive
out (control links, phone links, water pipes), the industry backpedaled the next day and spent an
additional 4 hours on location utilizing the GPR and found a load of obscure administrations.
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Equipment failure of the plant
Equipment failure is a failure of a pipeline part or device other than the pipeline. This regularly
realizes a release that is contained on association property, customarily not achieving harm to the
overall public. (Stadelmann & Buhlmann, 2008) At the point when hardware does not work as
foreseen, the expenses to business come in a few structures. Right off the bat, variable monetary
obstacles like repair and upkeep expenses can spike, extending your opex spending plan. Over
this, lost benefit and profitability can hamper the primary concern. The more extended a bit of
hardware takes to be settled or supplanted, the more drawn out staffs are without a key resource,
and benefit age is put on hold. It's a costly circumstance for any association to end up in, and can
apply to IT gear, transport, development materials, plumbing devices and the sky is the limit
from there. With a sound upkeep design, organizations might have the capacity to hold gear
within proper limits, limiting the danger of disappointment or underperformance and rather
promising long haul execution. (Leavy, 2016)
One approach to bringing down the money related effect of gear disappointment or profitability
issues is to utilize a working lease. Working lease terms can be shorter contrasted with the
helpful existence of a bit of hardware, yet they give more prominent adaptability as far as
permitting the installment of another advantage for being spread over the life of the
understanding, and furthermore, adaptability to return or update the gear toward the finish of the
term.
(Per & Louise, 2017)An advantage of this is the association does not claim the gear and can
return it should it come up short, wind up plainly out of date or if it doesn't meet principles.
With our examination demonstrating that 24.9 for every penny of organizations plan to help their
advantage base as of September 2015, many organizations are hoping to limit the danger of
hardware disappointment. (Ozdemir, 2017)By lessening their particular obligation and in
advance gear costs through a working lease, organizations and government offices can discover a
fiscally stable path for viably dealing with their benefit base.
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Conclusion
There has been a lot of research concerning the accidents involved in gas pipeline industry in
Australia. However, the welding related accidents have not been tackled. There has not been
research to show how many accidents have been caused by welding activities. For this reason,
this paper will be discussing much welding activities in Australia gas pipeline industry.
The end goal is to use operational management mechanisms to help the company devised a way
to control those accidents. This can also explain the quantity of the gas that cannot be accounted
for by the industry while trying to balance their returns.
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WELDING RELATED ACCIDENTS DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION
Research Design
Research Question
How have welding caused accidents in pipeline industry in Australia? This Question is aimed at
analyzing the accidents that have occurred in pipeline Industry in Australia due to welding
related activities. This question will help the industry to control the accidents that happen in due
course. (Lindoff, 2010)
Every Company needs to regulate the number of accidents that occur both to the public as well
as those that occur to its employees. It's vital to understand if their activities would lead to the
risk of loss of life.
Related work
Research Designs methodologies include;
Casual research design
Cross-section research design
Casual research design
Causal research, generally called enlightening exploration is coordinated to recognize the degree
and nature of conditions and final products associations. Causal research can be coordinated
remembering the true objective to assess impacts of specific changes on existing norms,
distinctive systems et cetera. Causal examinations focus on an examination of a situation or a
specific issue to clear up the cases of associations between factors. Investigations are the most
conspicuous fundamental data gathering procedures in considers with causal research design.
(Lindoff, 2010)
Advantages of casual research design
Causal research may assume an instrumental part as far as distinguishing explanations for an
extensive variety of procedures, and also, survey the effects of changes in existing standards,
forms and so forth.
Causal research typically offer the benefits of replication if need emerges
This kind of studies is related to more noteworthy levels of inner legitimacy because of
efficient determination of subjects
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