Operations Management and Business Analytics

This report discusses the evolution of Industry 4.0 and the smart enabling technologies used in the manufacturing industry. It explores how companies are exploiting these technologies to gain a competitive advantage and the benefits of big data, cybersecurity, augmented reality, additive manufacturing, and more. The report also covers the impact of adopting technology advances and the initiatives taken by various countries to leverage Industry 4.0.

Running Head: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 0
P AT MA A M T A A A TO ER IONS N GE EN ND BUSINESS N LY ICS
8/3/2018

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 1
Executive Summary
This report is the about the evolution of the Industry 4.0 with the revolution of the
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution which are using in the
Industry 4.0. In the industry 4.0, all systems and machines are connected through the smart
enabling technologies and internet, which are equipped with various physical sensors.
To be competitive in the market, all the business need to use new approached of
updated technologies under industry 4.0 in the framework of innovation and creativity.
In this report, several smart enabling technologies are also discussed with their
applications and benefits.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 2
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................4
How Industries exploiting Smart enabling technologies and gaining a competitive
advantage?..............................................................................................................................5
Impact of Adopting Technology Advances.........................................................................10
Conclusion................................................................................................................................11
References................................................................................................................................12

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 3
Introduction
In the global manufacturing, the next industrial revolution comes in its 4th phase. It is
based on the integrated production system, which results in the transformation of smart
manufacturing factories and fulfilling of dynamic customer demands by combining human
creativity and automation.
Industry 4.0 has a vast reality, which includes transformation and integration of
manufacturing industries into an environment framework consisting of peoples, processes,
systems, data and other industrial assets with collaboration with industrial creativity and
innovation (Moore, 2018). Industry 4.0 is a broad vision, which combines industrial assets
with the digital technologies in so-called cyber-physical systems.
Considering the initiatives and evolution of Industry 4.0, there is a continuously rising
in the organizations and the countries where the industries adopting Industry 4.0. Examples
include the China (where the Industry 4.0 lies in the foundation of ‘Made in China 2025’),
UK (Industry 4.0 and 4th revolution by the EEF), Japan (collaboration took around with
Japan’s Robot Revolution Initiative) and various other initiatives (Hurley, 2018). This shows
that all of them are accepting and leveraging the Industry 4.0 concept in spite of their
dissimilar names. This global expansion of Industry 4.0 is not evolving from the government
initiatives or agreements but this is expanding due to the increase in the industrial focus on
this concept.
The backbone of the Industry 4.0 constitutes nine enabling technologies and many of
the companies have already implemented these technologies by making interconnected
autonomous systems, which can communicate freely with each other (Posada, et al., 2015).
For maintaining a competitive advantage in the industry 4.0, every company needs a clear
understanding of these nine technological advancements and the benefits, which can be
gained after implementation.
Industry 4.0 will allow companies and manufacturers to bypass various current
structural constraints and convert it into value production. In addition, the new emerging
technologies are on the way, which will be integrated into the business and increase the
efficiency and effectiveness in the management decision area. Some of these new

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 4
technological trends are Artificial Intelligence, Quantum computing and blockchain
technology (Skilton & Hovsepian, 2017).
How Industries exploiting Smart enabling technologies and gaining a competitive
advantage?
Since the starting of the industrial revolution, the technological advancement always
helps the organization in achieving greater productivity. It converts the traditional approach
of manufacturing and promotes better collaboration between the suppliers, producers and
customers by integrating them all in the framework of automation under the industrial
environment.
After coming of Industrial 4.0 revolution, the key objectives of every organization is
to the more efficient manufacturing process and using the customer-centric approach with
optimization of generating new business opportunities and models (Xu, Xu, & Li, 2018).
These disruptive technologies change the way whole organization works to deliver product or
service to the customers.
The nine smart enabling technologies under industry 4.0 are used by many companies.
Many of the organizations started implementing these technologies and using them either in
interconnected autonomous systems or in isolation.
Firms are exploiting the Industry 4.0 technologies by using the various mechanism
and tools. These are described as below –
a) Big Data – In the industrial environment, this platform brings numerous insights with
the help of collective data from various multiple sources. This is because due to the
availability of massive sets of untapped data in the whole industrial world which can
provide various valuable information to the companies which can make them
optimizes the quality of the products and reducing the costs of production (Wang,
Gunasekaran, Ngai, & Papadopoulos, 2016). The data is needed to be extracted so
that to discover various trends and patterns, which can bring the light on the
relationship between the input, process and outputs in the industrial value chain and
thus shows the ways of improvements.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 5
Big data is very useful in the predictive manufacturing and help the
manufacturer in improving their efficiency in production and thus maintain a
competitive edge. A company can use big data in improving the whole value chain,
which subsequently optimizes product, and pricing strategies. It can also help the
business in improving the other aspects of the whole value chain like gathering and
integrating all the data relevant to the operational process and lowering the number of
defects and thus improve product quality. It also helps in the real-time decision-
making by collecting the data from several sources like management information
system (Zhong, Newman, Huang, & Lan, 2016).
b) Cyber Security – The data related to customer and product are highly valuable for
any organization and the manufacturers will always like to choose a best possible way
to secure their important data. The cybersecurity is necessary for any organization that
has access to machines and has interconnected networks as with rising in Industry 4.0,
the cyber threat also rises. Cybersecurity helps the organization by protecting their
valuable data from being accessed or exploited by the other un-necessary party.
Investment in cybersecurity is essential due to the using of new updated technologies
like cloud computing and IOT (Solms & Niekerk, 2013).
The cybersecurity solutions are always based on the IT-centric devices and
here the challenge is to embed these securities into IoT devices, which are already
redesigned under Industry 4.0. Hence, an effective cybersecurity will be the
combination of the traditional network security and the latest embedded security in
the IoT devices, which can help the organization by giving protection from cyber-
threats and cyber-attacks.
Cybersecurity should become an integral part of the management planning
process which includes strategy, operations and design as it will be too late if its
addresses at the end of the strategic plan.
c) Augmented Reality – It is the new surface technology under Industry 4.0, which can
switch up the real-life environment into the digital interface by putting virtual objects
in real-time. This technology enriches physical objects with virtual information and
thus adds value to the real world. Between 2015 and 2016, there is a huge investment
done in AR and VR (Peddie, 2017).

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 6
In the business, sometimes-operational costs are heavily increased due to the
use of inefficient production methods and human error and thus AR help in finding
these issues by integrating both physical and virtual world. This helps the
management in getting real-time information, which aids to better decision making
and planning.
Various AR devices have cameras and motion sensors, which integrate
information and display images into the real world helps the management doing the
better adjustment (Bonasio, 2018).
With the help of AR, the organization can make the customer experience the
product virtually by emphasizing on design, function without framing the physical
copy, and then take feedback from the customers, so that they can implement the
change in the real versions.
d) Additive manufacturing – This technique helps the organization in constructing
complex and large structures like housing, in less than a day. It is also known by the
3D printing, which creates three-dimensional objects based on the digital models. In
the process, custom plastics and organic compounds can be utilized with the help of
innovation (Stock & Seliger, 2016).
This technique encompasses various technologies like RP, Direct
manufacturing and additive fabrication. Additive manufacturing makes the
prototyping very much simple and helps the business firm in meeting their diverse
needs through modification approach. It helps the organization in making efficient
and effective manufacturing practices by cutting down the waste due to the
overproduction.
e) System Integration – In today’s global IT system, most of the companies are not
using fully integrated IT system. It means customers, companies and suppliers are not
closely linked and neither the department of the same organization such as marketing,
production and engineering. System integration technology helps the firm to connect
their departments, functions and capabilities, which brings benefits to the internal
aspect of the organization.
This platform integration occurs in both industry value chain and the firm
multiple value chain. This industrial vertical integration links the business process,

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 7
ICT system and field layer whereas process, data and companies are linked under
multiple value chain.
This Industry 4.0 technology will help different computer and monitors
systems to be linked together. This is beneficial for those organizations that have
machinery across the factory and can be linked across the production line so that to
make operations efficient and smooth (Gilchrist, 2016).
As per a survey, in 2020 – smart enabled appliance and sensors will be
everywhere managed in both M2H (machine and human) and M2M (machine and
machine) and this shows the potential in allowing deep integration in the whole
industrial environment.
f) Virtual Reality – This technology came in to buzz from some previous years, which
convert the real-time data or physical world into virtual form. It is a kind of digital
experience and the recent changes in the VR technology are the production of cheap
VR headsets, which reached to all the people (Suchi, 2018). Using virtual reality has
several benefits mainly in the factory or plant operations. The operators can provide
safer training with the help of VR, which can prevent the risk to work in a dangerous
environment.
With the help of virtual reality technology, users can control all the elements
of their 3D factories with remote collaborative support. This will help in the
manufacturing process by interactive visualization of industrial facilities to obtain the
necessary information and provide solutions to the problems without interrupting
production.
The public generally perceives VR for the gaming purpose but in reality, it is
more than that. The developers and designers can use this technology for checking
accuracy and optimize the communication with the customers so that this will all help
in the development of the effective product. Process simulations are also used by the
organization in identifying blockages, raising efficiency and mitigating the risks.
g) Autonomous Robots – Under Industry 4.0, the robots are more flexible, cooperative
and autonomous. Previously, they were only used for doing the complex tasks in the
industry but now they are interacting, understanding with one another, and work along
with the human. The robots are helping the organization by the saving if huge costs

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 8
and due to their greater capabilities, the task is accomplished more efficiently
(Pfeiffer, 2016).
These autonomous robots improve the accuracy of the normal routine
assignments by reducing both time and efforts. For example, robots, which are
working autonomously, can perform a checkup on inbound goods and deliver real-
time records to suppliers. Here, efficiency will be raised as the expected mistakes can
be reduced.
As technology provide and allocate a cost-effective way of doing a task,
robotics will help in performing dull, dirty and dangerous tasks which allows human
to retain their energies in other value-added activities (Oswald & Kleinemeier, 2016).
h) Cloud Computing – Cloud computing has changed the traditional way of
storing the data into the hard drives as due to rapid change in technology and the
market competitiveness and now with the help of cloud computing, data can easily be
stored and accessed from anywhere in the world through the help of internet. It is
beneficial for those organizations who have different branched around the globe
(Wang, Ranjan, & Chen, 2017). This technology is now integrated with other Industry
4.0 smart enabling technologies like AI and automation and changes the way of the
whole industry with its holistic approach.
Before cloud computing, many companies are also used cloud-based and
analytical software but now due to the increased of data sharing among company
boundaries, the need of cloud computing increases as it offers a unique network of
remote servers with the managed and process data.
Cloud computing is now known to be one of the faster and cheaper
technologies of Industry 4.0 and with the integration of machine learning techniques,
it helps the organization with its predictive analysis like when the failure is likely to
happen in the given model with the help of historical machine data and environmental
factors (Paige, 2017). Various vendors have now started to offer cloud-based solutions
due to its increase in popularity with its benefits.
i) Internet of Thing (IoT) - A local intelligence device which creates a network
for facilitating the communication between the machines, applications and systems
and letting them task to the user. It integrates sensor data, machine learning, big data

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 9
technology and various automation technologies (Saarikko, Westergren, & Blomquist,
2017). These connected machines have the ability to collect and process large sets of
data with more consistency and accuracy.
In today’s world, only certain manufacturer sensors and machines are
integrated with networks and make use of embedded computing. They have limited
automation and intelligence in the process control system. Internet of Things (IoT)
gained prominence as of the availability of internet of both, wireless and wired.
In the today market economy, IoT has a potential to lead smart firms in
improving the efficiency of the production process. For example, in production
facilities, products are identified via radio frequency identification codes, which help
the firm to perform various specific operations (Greengard, 2015). By embedding the
devices with IoT algorithm, sometimes-unfinished goods are also enriched via
standard technologies. It helps the organization in getting a real-time response by
decentralizing analytics and decision-making.
Impact of Adopting Technology Advances
The 4th Industrial revolution had changed the way of using the various technologies in
the industries. In 2013, the approach of Industry 4.0 was officially presented with the Cyber-
Physical System (The age of CPS). With this technology, it was now uncomplicated to
integrate the physical components with computational algorithms. Industry 4.0 refines the
industries boundaries with its various possibilities like flexible production, optimization of
logistics, customer-oriented solutions and efficient use of data.
The major impact of adopting technological advances is the explosion of digital
ecosystem which offers better ways for leveraging the beneficial information so that to
unlock the potential values (Newman, 2017). The advent of new technology has also
increased the demand for employees with higher competencies mainly in software
development and IT technologies. The introduction of new technologies also change the
behaviour of consumers in terms of the expectations and this brings great innovative
opportunities to business especially for small-scale firms. In addition, it creates opportunities
for the various companies to have a strategic investment that will enrich the products, process
and technologies.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 10
Conclusion
In this report, the fourth industrial revolution called Industry 4.0 highlight the
paradigm shift that is going into manufacturing industries and manufacturing research. With
the integration of a wide network of technologies and increased automation, the goals are
now multiple and diverse. These are based on sustainability, quality and efficiency
improvements in the main.
Digitalizing production is gaining a new level of quality with the global networking
access and through the adoption of technologies like IoT, Cloud computing and VR.
Implementing Industry 4.0 is a complex project and IT security with data protection plays a
central role but with the support of the legal framework, it can be a boost.
Several technologies and developments were presented and it can be expected that the
rapid development in technologies is coming in the near future. Some future identified
technologies taking leads are Artificial Intelligence (AI), Quantum computing and
Blockchain technology.
It can also hope that the concepts discussed in this paper will spark new ideas in the
effort to realize the much-anticipated Fourth Industrial Revolution.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 11
References
Bonasio, A. (2018). Mixed Reality for Industry 4.0. Retrieved from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/alicebonasio/2018/07/12/mixed-reality-for-industry-4-
0/#69edaa7355b1
Gilchrist, A. (2016). Industry 4.0: The Industrial Internet of Things. Thailand: Apress.
Greengard, S. (2015). The Internet of Things. USA: MIT Press.
Hurley, J. (2018). Why the UK must invest in smart factories. Retrieved from
https://www.raconteur.net/technology/uk-must-invest-smart-factories
Moore, M. (2018). What is Industry 4.0? Everything you need to know. Retrieved from
https://www.techradar.com/news/what-is-industry-40-everything-you-need-to-know
Newman, D. (2017). How To Capitalize On Your Digital Ecosystem. Retrieved from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielnewman/2017/07/05/how-to-capitalize-on-your-
digital-ecosystem/#294727821c79
Oswald, G., & Kleinemeier, M. (2016). Shaping the Digital Enterprise: Trends and Use
Cases in Digital Innovation and Transformation. Germany: Springer.
Paige. (2017). Why Cloud Computing is Crucial for Industry 4.0. Retrieved from
https://edgylabs.com/cloud-computing-industry-4-0
Peddie, J. (2017). Augmented Reality: Where We Will All Live. USA: Springer.
Pfeiffer, S. (2016). Robots, Industry 4.0 and humans, or why assembly work is more than
routine work. Societies, 6(6), 16.
Posada, J., Toro, C., Barandiaran, I., Oyarzun, D., Stricker, D., Amicis, R. d., . . . Vallarino, I.
(2015). Visual computing as a key enabling technology for industrie 4.0 and industrial
internet. IEEE computer graphics and applications, 35(2), 26-40.
Saarikko, T., Westergren, U. H., & Blomquist, T. (2017). The Internet of Things: Are you
ready for what is. Business Horizons, 60(5), 667-676. Retrieved from
https://www.mmsonline.com/articles/7-things-to-know-about-the-internet-of-things-
and-industry-40
Skilton, M., & Hovsepian, F. (2017). The 4th Industrial Revolution: Responding to the
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Business. Switzerland: Springer.
Solms, R. v., & Niekerk, J. v. (2013). From information security to cyber security. computers
& security, 38, 97-102.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS ANALYTICS 12
Stock, T., & Seliger, G. (2016). Opportunities of sustainable manufacturing in industry 4.0.
Procedia Cirp, 40, 536-541.
Suchi, A. (2018). VIRTUALISATION: A KEYSTONE IN INDUSTRY 4.0. Retrieved from
https://www.industr.com/en/virtualisation-a-keystone-in-industry-2336212
Wang, G., Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, W. E., & Papadopoulos, T. (2016). Big data analytics in
logistics and supply chain management: Certain investigations for research and
applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 176, 98-110.
Wang, L., Ranjan, R., & Chen, J. (2017). Cloud Computing: Methodology, Systems, and
Applications. New York: CRC Press.
Xu, L. D., Xu, E. L., & Li, L. (2018). Industry 4.0: state of the art and future trends.
International Journal of Production Research, 56(8), 2941-2962.
Zhong, R. Y., Newman, S. T., Huang, G. Q., & Lan, S. (2016). Big Data for supply chain
management in the service and manufacturing sectors: Challenges, opportunities, and
future perspectives. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 101, 572-591.