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Application of Managers and Operators in Marks and Spencer Ltd

   

Added on  2020-01-28

16 Pages5016 Words173 Views
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONSSTUDENT’S NAME:STUDENT’S ID:PROFESSOR’S NAME:1

Table of ContentsTask 1...............................................................................................................................................3Introduction......................................................................................................................................3LO 1 Differentiate between the function of a manager and a role of leader...................................3P1 Comparing a leader and a manager’s roles in Marks and Spencer Ltd......................................3LO 2 Applying the function of manager and a role of leader..........................................................5P2 Application of a leader and a manager’s roles in various types of situations in Marks andSpencer Ltd......................................................................................................................................5P3 Application of various theories and models related system leadership, situational leadershipand contingency in Marks and Spencer Ltd....................................................................................6Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8Task 2...............................................................................................................................................9Introduction......................................................................................................................................9LO 3 Demonstrating an evaluation of the leader's role and managers’ function in operationmanagement.....................................................................................................................................9P4 Understanding operations management approaches and roles in Marks and Spencer Ltd........9P5 Evaluating the operations management's importance in meeting business goals in Marks andSpencer Ltd....................................................................................................................................10LO 4 Explaining an understanding of connection between management and leadership inbusiness environment.....................................................................................................................12P6 Analysing the factors of a business environment that influence operations management anddecisions of managers and leaders in Marks and Spencer Ltd......................................................12Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13Bibliography..................................................................................................................................152

Task 1IntroductionLeaders and managers play extremely important roles in an organisation. Therefore, it is notpossible for an organisation to run business operations without leaders and managers. The aim ofthis section is to investigate the effect of managers and leaders in a reputed organisation. For thissection, Marks and Spencer is chosen which is a popular retail organisation of the UK. Marksand Spencer Ltd. was developed in 1884 and in 2015, this organisation’s profit was 481.7 million(Marksandspencer.com, 2017). This retail giant follows tall structure as it provides opportunitiesfor advancement and responsibility along with communication. The differences between theroles of a leader and a manager are thoroughly analysed in reference to the selected organisation.In P2, the application of a leader and a manager's role in different situations are understood andin the later part, various models, theories related to situational leadership, contingency andsystem leadership are analysed. LO 1 Differentiate between the function of a manager and a role of leaderP1 Comparing a leader and a manager’s roles in Marks and Spencer Ltd. In an organisation, a person who leads a team or a group of people, that person is called leader.As stated by Du et al. (2013, p.156), the ability or the action of leading the employees in anorganisation is called leadership. Most importantly, leaders’ role impacts on employees’behaviour that makes the employees’ vision clear towards organisational objectives. A leader inMarks and Spencer Ltd. plays a significant role in encouraging employees to perform their dutiesand responsibilities properly with the help of their communication skills and leadership skills andmake them understand vision of the organisation. A leader makes employee’s work appropriatelyin order to achieve the organisation’s goals and enhance the organisation's productivity throughteam-building procedure. Moreover, decision-making process along with communication to theemployees makes a perfect leader.In an organisation, an employee who has the responsibility of controlling and managing a groupof people in the organisation, that person is called manager. A manager of Marks and SpencerLtd. manage and design the organisation’s work in an efficient manner so that objectives andgoals of the organisation are met. The role of managers is to create organisational policies,3

strategies and make planning of employees’ works. In different departments, managers performdifferent duties to manage organisational operations.There is huge difference between the functions of a leader and a manager. In Marks and SpencerLtd., managers decide the goals of that organisation and leaders perform their duties in order toachieve those goals. Managers design policies for business operations of the organisation andleaders motivate employees in order to reach those policies. Managers develop ideas andstrategies for improvement of the organisation and leaders implement those strategies, ideasefficiently. Managers give directions of works to leaders and leader inspires employees to fulfiltheir duties effectively. In addition, managers have rational and control characteristics, whereas,leaders have brilliant and charismatic personality type. Leaders’ orientation is people-oriented,on contrary, managers have task-oriented focus. As opined by Foss et al.(2013, p.289), leaders’focus on the achievements, whereas, managers focus on results for the outcomes.In Marks and Spencer Ltd., leaders follow Laissez Faire leadership to order to fulfil their dutiesand responsibilities. In this leadership style, leaders allow their team members to take all thedecisions. In case of this leadership style, leaders give his subordinates complete freedom to doall their works themselves. Even though leaders define policies, objectives and limitation relatedto action, they leave rest of the work to be performed by team members. One major advantage ofusing this leadership style is that it can be highly beneficial and effective in some situation whereteams members are efficient, skilled, talented and motivated. As employees have enoughknowledge and skills for accomplishing their works, they can do them without a leader’sguidance. Thomas Carlyle developed the trait theory of leadership in the 1800s. The theoryconcentrates on identification of various characteristics and personality traits that are associatedwith leadership in different situations (Fredrickson, 2016, p.23). Carlyle believed good leadersare born with leadership qualities or capabilities and these qualities cannot be created. In M&S,the organisation focuses on having the basic characteristics of leaders, as the leaders shouldfocus on the results, integrity, direction and capability to work under pressure.4

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