Operations Management Principles in Marks & Spencer

Operations and Project Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
a). discuss about the implementation of operations management principles within Marks and
Spencer.........................................................................................................................................3
b). Develop a continuous improvement plan on the basis of critical review of operational
management and its principles within Marks and Spencer. .......................................................4
c). Discuss about the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan through appropriate
concepts, theories and models. ....................................................................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
a). Evaluate theories, models and concept and also justified an appropriate strategies useful in
the continuous improvement plan. ..............................................................................................7
b). critically review about the implementation of operation management and also related to
the lean principles and Six Sigma. ..............................................................................................8
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
a) Apply the project life cycle in the healthrow terminal 3 integrated baggage facility project,
that can produce the necessary documentation that support in the project completions. .........10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
a) Describe the rationale of project tools, methodologies and leadership applicable in the
project life cycle. .......................................................................................................................11
b. Review and Critique the effectiveness of the Project life cycle using different concepts and
models........................................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Project management is a process that iscan used for planning, organizing and execution
of operations in the services which includes the demand of forecasting, quality management,
production planning and supply chain that collaborate with the process in proper manner. It is
also based on the planning aof particular project in the organization that includes monitoring,
initiation and controlling the overall process ofetc. of enterprise's operations. This report will
discuss about the critical review of implementation through the principles of Operational
management and also a continuous improvement plans for development will be prepared the
continuous improvement plans for development. Furthermore,. iIt will evaluate the effectiveness
of continuous improvement plans with the help of models, theories and concepts. Review
theAlso, critical implementation of operation management in relation to the lean principles or six
sigma methodology will be included. Moreover, tThis assignment will describe the steps of
project life cycle which required for managing the documentation in the completion of project. It
also discuss to review theits effectiveness of Project Life Cycle and their application to the
Heathrow terminals 3 integrated baggage facility project with the help of models, theories.
TASK 1
A). discuss about the implementation of operations management principles within Marks and
Spencer
Operationsal management is a process in which organizing, planning and supervising the
enterprises activities. This is basically defined to as proper administration of practice of company
in way of creating high productivity among employees. It ensures increase in profitability and
improvement in the efficiency of work within manufacturing operations of a company. The
implementation of operation management in Marks and Spencer will support to reach their
specific goals and objective (Zhao and et.al., 2018). The strategic goal are meets through the
understanding the essential principles. There are different type ofThese operations management
principles are as follows:-.
 Reality : It is very much essential for Marks and Spencer that they are focusing on
overall problem which is pertaining within organisation rather than only on techniques.
This is due to the fact that no technique or technology alone could be able to present a
universal solution to that problem.

 Organisation : Within the production facility, every things has to be connected with each
other because all the element that can used in the business is either consistent or
predictable. Without the proper organisation, the operation will not be able to achieve
proper results and outcome of profits.
 Humility : The trail and error process are the extremely costly that's whyi.e., it is
important for managers to understand that what are the limitation of enterprises. It help to
save time and mMoney which help in the production for long term.
 Success : It depends on the process of production facility when how it can be
fulfilled the need and requirement of consumer. Marks and Spencer is the successful
organisation in global world because they always try to give more preferences to their
consumers. If theany company wish to be successful, they have to keep their consumer
happy.
 Accountability : Being accountable is important for running manufacturing operation in
Marks and Spencer. Managers and leaders are expected to be able to set the specific rules
or metrics while checking on frequent basis. It helps to meet the goals and objectives.
 Collaborating with consumer: In Mmarks and Spencer, Manager is playing an
important role in the organization because they are interacted with the customers towhile
providinge the products and services at marketplace. This will provide thorough insight
that what company can do better in the product and organize the production families in
proper manner.
b). Develop a continuous improvement plan on the basis of critical review of operational
management and its principles within Marks and Spencer.
Continuous improvement plan which are based on the on- going efforts to increase the
business productivity and profitability in marketplace (Heldman, 2018). It is a type on belief that
incremental changes will help in the terms of improvement professionals in organisation. In
Marks & Spencer, It has supported the organisation's leadership team to increase the productivity
and profitability through skill or knowledge. In this way, require to understand their own
capabilities and abilities by using continuous improvement plan.
Continues improvement plan:
Skills needed to
develop
Resources
required
Operation that can
be performed
Period of
Ttime scale
Criteria of
achievement

To improve the
Decision making
power in the
project
management
Internet
Coaching
I will use many
options to perform
different activities
such as handle entire
team I will improve
my decision making
process.
I will perform the task
in appropriate manner
with cost benefit
analysis.
I will communicate
with the other people
and discuss about the
improvement and also
understand the
decision making
strategy to improve
the quality.
6 month Self-evaluations
and feedback
understands.
To develop
effective
language and oral
communication
skills.
Tutor
Books, journals,
magazines etc.
I will attend seminar
and development
sessions for
improvinge the skill
and knowledge.
I will read articles and
books to handle the
task.
8 months Self-assessment
Time
management
skills
Plan an effective
strategies
I will focus on the
goals to handle and
manage the short as
3 month Self-assessment

well as long targets.
I will develop the
proper time schedule
which will be based
on giving more
preferences to
improvement.
I also develop the list
of priorities in task
management
according to the daily
basis.
Detailed oriented Internet
Books
I will attend seminar
to improve the detail
oriented concepts .
I will improve the
quality to
communicate with the
session.
5 Month
Feedback from
customers .
Feedback from
employee
Technical skills support from
technical
department
Seek support from
technical department
8 Month Feedback from
technical staff
Self assessment
Collaborating
with consumer
Connecting with
people to
understand their
needs.
Seek support from the
project development.
7 Month Take Feedback to
the targeted
consumers.

c). Discuss about the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan through appropriate
concepts, theories and models.
The improvement plan of development has plays an important role in the organisation
can use different procedures and methods to manage task in proper manner. Continuous
improvement plan is set for activities which are designed for a gradual or ongoing improvement
for products, process and service. This will be done by ongoing and constant review process with
formation of action plan as well. The continuous plan is based on the performance of employees
who could be having deficiencies within their performance or would not be able to succeed.
The continuous improvement theories, models and concepts are mainly focused on the
ongoing improvement in Marks and Spencer where business has implemented theory to enhance
the functions performed while developing the project (Liu, Zhao and Dong, 2018). These are the
approaches that handle the task in positive ways to change thebring major improvements. Kaizen
theory is the core lean manufacturing that has been developed in the manufacturinge sector to
eliminate the waste, encourage the employee towards the innovations, and also increase the
productivity or profitability in marketplace. Kaizen is mainly used the number of approaches and
tool such as value stream mapping for the purpose of analyse, documents and improve the
information material flow required to products and services. Kaizen is mainly used for
continuously improving the activities and all functions which is involving all employees. This is
mainly linked with lean manufacturing or the Toyota way.
TASK 2
a). Evaluate theories, models and concept and also justified an appropriate strategies useful in
the continuous improvement plan.
It is an umbrella terms that covers many type of methodologies that can be used to
focus on the achievement and goals. Marks and Spencer has used the right strategies for
providing the facility to increase the results or outcomes. It is also ensuring the long term success
of efforts. There are different types of strategies applicable in the terms of improvement and
growth:-. Lean and continuously improvement- It is a type of improvement strategy that can help
to eliminate the waste material throughfrom the enterprise. It cannot added more value in

terms of consumer satisfaction. This strategy works to eliminate the problem and issue in
proper way it also help in improvement.
 Value Stream Mapping – It is the important strategy that supports the entire process and
their flow of data. This approach helps to look at the process flow and design within
Marks and Spencer to see where value is being added. It is easier to eliminate and modify
the areas where value is either missing that could be increased within process.
 Kaizen – It is the most popular strategy that helps in the improvement and management
concept to handle the operations and functions. Kaizen helps to concern about
improvement on basis of making changes. It always encourages employee to contribute
for improvement ideas and become engaged with staff members at workplace (Shi, Xu
and Du, 2019). It helps in long terms improvement which is built on previous
improvement plan, leading to changing effects.
 Total Quality Management- Marks and Spencer apply in total quality management
concept and adopt in business environments related to growth or development. It concern
on improve the participation of employee, consumer satisfaction and connection etc. it is
a type of key elements for improvinge the success of business across the world. The
strategy is often incorporate into the production and sales. It justified that these are
important for strategies, concepts and theories useful in implementing business
operations and functions. It helps in the development and achievement of enterprise goals
b). Critically review about the implementation of operation management and also related to the
lean principles and Six Sigma.
Operation management is a process in the enterprise practices to create the high level of
efficiency and it is only possible to create relation with theory in Marks & Spencer. The
organization converts raw materials material into the effective product development (Fan, Xu
and Kockar, 2019). Lean principles and six sigma are the methodologies that can be
implemented in the organization.
Lean principles:
It is a systematic conceptualization process that can eliminate and minimize the
operations and does not added more value in the process management. It also emphasizes to
remove the wastage of unwanted process to increase the quality and consumer satisfaction. It

can be divided into five principle which apply to the process and also reduce the unwanted
disruption. Define Value: A consumer define values of product and services. It is the initial step to
understand the requirement of people and also determine the values which is important
for enterprise. It is categories different operation related with action in value added
concept in development. Map the value stream: Its principle is showing work flow process in terms of
development. Value added stream is mapping which help to identify or eliminate
unwanted activities which occur during executions. It reduces the process delays and
improves the quality of products or services. Create Flow: It ensures that continuous flow process has been produced efficient product
which helps to maintain process of productivity. In this way, it can optimise the method
to increase the performance and efficiency of operational management process. Establish Pull: This approach is established by the meeting system which is having set
deadline. It is a process that perform different task at particular rate that can meet the
consumer needs and requirement. Just in time is another tool in term of promotions for
pulling the system. It ensures the operational management to follow the smooth workflow
in the process without having disruptions.
 Seek Continuous improvement: It always put continuous efforts to improve capabilities
of existing business process in operation management. It also ensures to remove the
waste and defect free items in the quality of services.
Six Sigma methodologies:
It is a type of data driven issue or problem that can help to resolve the methodologies and
also concern about the process variations and emphasis. This methodologyies will help to
improve the process with low defects (Yu, anLi and Skibniewski, 2018). There are some
common methodologies used within six sigma in proper manner.
 DMAIC stands for define, measure, analyse, Improve, control to perform actions in the
business process to handle the task in effectively and efficiently. It is a method that can
be used for improving the existing enterprise process. This method is defined as issues
and problems within project goals or achievements. This process is identify the details for

multiple aspects of current process while it helps to find out defects in operational
management.
 DMADV stands for define, Measure, analyse, design, verify to perform different
operations in the enterprise management system. It is a method which can be use to
develop new product and process that easily identify project goals to measure critical
components in process management in proper manner. This process is defining data and
develops different design in operation management in effectively and efficiently.
TASK 3
a) Apply the project life cycle in the Heathrow terminal 3 integrated baggage facility project that
can produce the necessary documentation that support in the project completions.
This life cycle is a type of sequential process or phases which can be used in project
development starting from its initiation to its closure. It is a type of cycle that specifies what are
the requirements and resources which are useful for enterprise development (Tan and Rui, 2019).
Project life cycle steps is controlsled work flow activities which define the systematic ways to
gain maximum benefits from enterprise project development. There are four various types
of stages in project life cycle to maintain activities of enterprise in proper manner:-.
 Initiation: It is initial step of project life cycle to identify the requirement of business
such as baggage facility project etc. It ishas needed to understand the problem that arise
during the project regarding the mismanagement, deliverables for project manageable,
figure out the benefits in airports. Initiation is define as the depth scope of project in
terms of development that can beneficial to increase speed and efficiency.
1. Make project vision, goals and objectives
2. Determine the high level scope and deliverable
3. conduct a feasibility study
4. Create high level cost and create business case
 Planning: It is second steps where project can be approved and move forwards based on
enterprise case, project initiation document and statement of work. It needs to create
project plan that mention all specify timeline which includes starting phases of project
and possible to perform constraints. Manager has to analyseing theo estimate of overall
budget and plan of financial conditions so that it can help to determine how much
investment will be required in the project development. In Integrated Baggage facility

project, Business case is a type of key input of this project that is usually created or
managed by the manager. It has an ability to put the business cases and deliver
enhancement. It can produce in form of documentation that may accompanied by
using formal presentation for project. This process is analysing the overall plan in the
form of documentation which are necessary to put efforts in project development.
 Execution : It is an execution plan in the performed the action when the manager has
performed specific role in project life cycle to keep maintain the work record and also
track, organize and manage timelines according the project needs. It makes sure that all
work is done in properly according to the plan. This step is creating task to organize the
workflows on regular basis while the team members are managed the operations and
functions in proper manner. At this stage, it is divided the work structure of every
members those who are participating in the project executions.
 Closure: It is the last step to deliver the final project, release the project resource or
identify the success of project development in appropriate manner.
TASK 4
a) Describe the rationale of project tools, methodologies and leadership applicable in the project
life cycle.
Project methodologies & tools are important part or project development for the
Heathrow terminal 3 integrated Baggage facility project. It is useful for building a good tools and
methodologies to manage the overall project plan in proper manner (Tan and Rui, 2019).
There is different type of methodologies use in the project development in proper ways.
Agile:
It is significantly challenges with increase the processing where developer were unable to
create system because there are problem occurs in the environment and upgrade to the operating
system. This methodology is applied in the project to handle the processing without disruptions
in the operations and functions. It is suggested to focus on the working of system than the
exhaustive explanation of how it gets project working.

Prince2:
This type of project methodology has controlled the environment and is now extensively
used in the project development of Baggage facility in airport. It has controlled the overall
functionality to capture all activities for working in proper manner. It is initiation of project
document that presented the overall plan and calculating the cost of project. It includes key
performance indicator, project constraints, risks and benefits analysis etc.
Tools:
Causal :
iIt is a type of visual and online project tool that can use to simplify the project by turning
them into the navigate workflow. It has created an interface that makes easy to jump into the
project development. It is creating tasks and categories the tasks. It is simple and powerful
tool to integrate with the google drive and other options.
Pivotal Tracker:
Tthis tool is helping the agile project such as baggage facility project to create charts and
easy to use the drop or drag interface. It is mainly used to analyse or measure the efficiency of
project in next level.
Leadership:
Project leadership is necessary for project development because it acquire the technical
and leadership skill help to manage their project teams in effectively. It also motivates their team
members to complete their task on specific deadline.
Strategic leadership-
Manager and other leader were use the strategic leadership style that support to determine
proper planning of project development. It is required to handle all the task and their
functionality. It is one of the important leader who is essentially the project development. It has
created high performance management and improvement in projects.
Democratic Leadership-
It involves the decision making which are playing important role in project life cycle
because it holds final responsibilities to determine the work projects.

b. Review and Critique the effectiveness of the Project life cycle using different concepts and
models
A project life cycle helps in describing inter-related phases of the system programme,
portfolio and also these phases’ helps in defining a proper structure along with desired
functionality. Operational Risks are mainly associated with the human errors so systems are
developed to eliminate such manual errors. System development supports the inadequate
procedure and controlling the processing of the business which helps in performing the
automated process by increasing the reliability, accuracy and efficiency of the Heathrow airport.
According to Hallam And et.al., 2015, Baggage handling still consists of the considerable issues
of the people, which resulted in many health and safety concerns. So, iIn Heathrow airport
terminal 1, use of the high technology baggage system helps them in handling millions of bags
per year as per the views of Kiedrowski and et. al., (2018). On the other hand, the new
baggage system is extremely sophisticated and has been designed for performance and
reliability. Project development life cycle (PLC) theory is an economic theory which was
developed by Raymond vermon after the failure of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model and these models
were developed to explain effectiveness of Product development life cycle. This includes new
Project, maturing Project and standardised Project. There are various stages in development of
the Project life cycle such as introduction stage, The Growth stage, maturity stage, Saturation
stage and Declining stage. So the effectiveness of the PLC can be determined by the following
ways:
Control
In order to establish effective PLC for the Heathrow airport in order to handle the
baggage system, the six sigma consists of the last component of six sigma. Controlling Process
mainly helps in managing different types of variant operations in order to meet the expectations
of the Heathrow airport software development team. This stage mainly allows the project
manager to develop and monitor the improved process by advancing the improved features
within the existing system or structure according to the plan of the project. This stage mainly
allows the modification of the process managements and thus it leads to the effective
development of the Project management life cycle. Also application of the six sigma helps in
maximising the quality of the product development and eliminating the useless steps within the
project development. It encourages the effectiveness of Project life cycle. However, Monheit and

et. al., 2018 Sstates that without the proper application of six sigma may be responsible for
the failure of the functions within the project. This is the effective framework to improve the
application or system and guide through these stages to implement in the Field of Airport for
employing the effective system to handle the baggage of almost 110 million bags a year.
According to Badotti and et.al., 2017, The SDLC has been noticed to be one of the great concept
which is mainly derived from the field of Information and system because this framework uses
the five clear stages to check the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed product.
System Development Life cycle
This is one of the important components to determine the effectiveness of the PLC. The
System Development life cycle consists of various steps which helps in improving the the main
concept of developing the system which handles the automated tasks within the Heathrow airport
in order to handle the baggage system of the company.
Waterfall
This method helps in developing the project and provides the simplicity and strengthen
the system software. Waterfall consists of various steps which helps in determining the
effectiveness of the PLC. This method consists of various different phases which allows the
Heathrow airport in developing the effective baggage system at Heathrow Airport London. Such
stages has been described below:
System conceptualisation: As per the views of Hallam And et.al., 2015, system
conceptualisation is the method of examining all the concepts which comes under the
development of the project. The objectives of this phase is to determine the components of the
system process which works together. This phase is referred as a planning stage which allows the
PLC team to identify the demand and requirement for the system.
System analysis: This phase included in waterfall model and allows the team of the
project to collects collect and analysis of the system requirements which need to be covered in
the system. This Phase helps in setting the considerable amount of communication between the
project team and client. According to Badotti and et.al., 2017, The current system of the
Heathrow airport is analysed and then the project requirements are identified by the project team
in order to develop the new and efficient baggage system for the Heathrow airport.

System Design: This phase helps in designing the new baggage system as this is one of
the important phase which includes the exploration of the logical and physical design design for
the project development.
Coding Testing: This stage of the waterfall model allows the programming of the system.
This stage is called coding allows the Project team to design the portfolio of the system. It is one
of the important phase which executes the functioning and operations of the new system.
Testing:This phase of the waterfall model allows the testing as well as effectiveness and
efficiency is verified to ensure the proper functioning of the new baggage system at Heathrow
airport. As per the Badotti and et.al., 2017, This phase enhances and replaces the old system
along with this maintenance of the new system is tested for the effective continues operations.
CONCLUSION
As per discussion, it concluded that Project management is a process that help in
planning project development in the organization. It includes monitoring, initiation and
controlling the overall process of enterprises operations. This report discusses about the critical
review of implementation in the operation management principles and also prepare the
continuous improvement plans for development. It summarised that Review the critical
implementation of operation management that create a relationships with the lean principles or
six sigma methodology for operational management. Moreover, this assignment describe the
steps of project development and also support in the project completion. It also discuss to review
the effectiveness of PLC application to the Healthrow terminals 3 integrated baggage facility
project with the help of models, theories.

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