Operations and Project Management: Review and Critique of Operations Management Principles within Tesco PLC

This report reviews and critiques the implementation of operations management principles within Tesco PLC, including an analysis of the extent to which the operations management of the organization meets the requirements of the organization. It also discusses continuous improvement as a philosophy and describes the Lean principles.

ID
Unit Number and Title Unit 187 –
Operations and
Project Management
Title Review and Critique
of Operations
Management (Part
1

Table of Content
Part 1: Business Report
1. An introduction to chosen organization p
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management p
3. A review and critique of the implementation of operations
management principles within the chosen organization p
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations management of
the organisation in the case study meets the requirements of the
organization p
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and
describe the Lean principles p
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review and
critique of operations management principles within your
organization p
7. Conclusion p
References p
2

1. An introduction to chosen organization
The main aim of this report is to do the examination that are related with the
management of the project and operation. Tesco PLC is company that deals in
groceries and ordinary merchandise retails corporation since 1960s. It is the firm that
has evolved itself in the field of books retailing, items of cloths, furniture, electronics,
telecommutes, software, financial services, petrol and internet services (Ding and et
al., 2020). It has also implanted their stores and shops in five nations over the whole
world. It is also known as the leader in the groceries market in UK. It is the listed
organization at the London Stock Exchange and is also a element of the FTSE 100
index. The TESCO is the third biggest retailer company when done the comparison
in order of profitability and considered in fifth largest retailer organization in their
revenue as well over the world.
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management
The management of the operation in business term refers to the bunch or set
of the number of functions that acts simultaneously for better running of the business
firm or organization. These activities or functions are related with the manufacturing
or production as well as supply of the items. Operations contains number of methods
or procedures that are contemplated for the purpose of achieving the target, aims
and objective of the company such as maximizing their profits or earnings. It
considered all the elements or sources that are related to the needs and wants of the
human beings or consumers in the market scenario (FAN and et. al., 2022). It
includes the procedure of contemplating the better assurance of the quality of the
item and preparing the process for the plans that are related to the ideas for
engagement , production in the firm and usage of the resources.
The management of the operation consists activity of the corporation or
manage them in order to generating the highest possibilities of the efficiency in the
business enterprise. The term of the operation management does the transferring
the raw material with labor work into the finished goods and services. The main
purpose of this management is to do be done and utilized the sourced in appropriate
manner and effective way those have chances to give the surety of maximizing their
earnings (Habib and et al., 2021). It contemplates to another process for the purpose
of making their production efficient and managing the cost with the help of revenue in
the corporation so that the firm or business is capable to reach at the forth position to
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hold the highest incomes or earnings from their operational activities. The main
purpose or objective of the operations management is to utilization of the sources in
appropriate manner that relate with the material, machinery and labor of the
business firm.
Operations Operations management
 It consists the activity which based
on daily practices. These type of
activities includes the production
of the commodities in the firm,
maintenances and management
of the inventory as well as raw
material.
 The Tesco's operation activity
refers to the deals that doses
relate with the marketing and main
purpose is to selling their items or
commodities in the present market
to increase their revenue as well
as their earnings.
 It consists the whole process that
managing the efficiency of the
production. It refers to the
administration of functions that a
firm requires to run their day to
day activities in effective manner
by observing number of
departments and furnishing the
goals.
 For instance, Tesco executes the
modifications and implement the
alternative products that helps in
changing the product preferences
and applying the modifies items by
using the better raw materials,
machinery and efficient labour for
improving the entire system of the
production in the enterprise. The
rectified production assist the
company of Tesco to maximize
their incomes as well as revenue
as compared to last years.
3. A review and critique of the implementation of
operations management principles within the chosen
organization
These management principles contains the quality management and control,
planning in appropriate manner that aids to give the instructions to the firm for the
purpose of attaining their aims and goals.
1. Reality: Operations administration should concentrate on entire issues an
problems rather than tools and techniques because there is no tool and
technique that are able to solve the problems which can be found so the
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organization should focus on solving and finding out the actual problem
adequate as per the requirements of the business.
2. Humility: It refers the limitations of the managers and other individual of
business. The procedure of trial and error are too costly so it is very essential
for the managers to get that they have their criteria in limits. It allows to them
to save time as well as money for helping in long run productions.
3. Organization: In any business firm, there are lot of activities of operations.
Those practices are interconnected with each other. All the factors or features
have to be based on the assumption otherwise, the enterprise will not capable
ti get the profit.
4. Success: The director of the corporation have preset their mind for what is
contemplated to reach the firm high and analyze those figures and factors that
the business lacks in their earnings (Imaizumi, 2020). These parametric
quantity aids to the staffs or employees in the company to do the work in
appropriate manner that can help to the enterprise in their growth as well as
success for achieve their aims, objectives and goals efficiently.
5. Variance: It occurs the problem for facilities of the production. Variance refers
to the techniques and procedure that is used to encouraged the creativity.
These tools permit for best outcome to another elements of the variation. It
influences the minor changes or modification in the procedure if they happen
because these may lend themselves to get better outcome in result.
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations
management of the organisation in the case study meets
the requirements of the organization
The management of the operation is crucial part of any corporation as
business have impacts of any modification that happens in their surroundings area.
The operation management's principles aids the firm to execute the essential
changes in the business while keeping an observation on the requirements of the
company that they require to focus for not loosing their credibility and potency while
doing work about the principles to implement them in day to day activity of the
business firm. Tesco uses these conceptions for getting the solution of the problems
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that has to face at the time of the production and sales activity and also in the
procedure of completion of the specific task. As Tesco states to be one of the
biggest store of retailing in UK nation, these principles of the operation management
are used or applied to attain the benefits from the present market scenario to get
their main aim of maximizing their profits as well as their growth at the time of
production at optimum cost (Li, and et. al., 2022). It is aiding Tesco as business firm
and accomplishing their necessities and demands of the consumers in many ways
that are discussed below:
 By adopting or acquiring these principles of the operation administration, the
organization Tesco has been getting many advantages from their operations
and operational practices. It involves rendering the commodities, services or
items as per the demand of their consumers. It is furnished to the human
beings in the most effective cost that have possibilities as per the aim or
objective of the firm to maximize their growth, ability of the production.
 Tesco utilizes the several techniques such as cost effective for provide the
availability of the pricing to their consumers is on very reasonable price if it
does the comparison with market rivals. It's main aim is to obviate any
unimportant purchases that take place from the point of their consumers.
With the aid of the operational management, the business enterprise id
capable to create consumer loyalty.
 Tesco has originated a dynamic workplace environment for ensuring the
staffs or workers in the business firm. It aids to companies in continuing with
frequent checking of quality, reviews for their works. The Tesco has created
great bonds with their suppliers worldwide (Liao, 2022). It can adopt the
supplies for the purpose of manufacturing and when there will be requirement
of it then make sure that the firm never loose their efficiency and utilization of
their operation at its best.
 These principles enable Tesco to follow up the manufacturing activities by
considering the frequent modification or changes and trends of market that
take place. It states that the consumers are first preference for Tesco. It also
describes that the manager of the business entity at Tesco are capable to
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evaluate the trends of the firm successfully so that they can execute the
same for the purpose of benefits of the organization.
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy
and describe the Lean principles
This plan of frequent improvement is expressed as the foundation of several
activities that are developed or formulated step wise in the commodities by using the
procedure of ongoing, action plan, management data and reviews of the entity. It
mainly based on the implementation of the action or planning of goals, aims and the
objectives of the company and analyzed the roles and responsibilities that are
implemented to attain the goal of the business firm with an ongoing work scenario.
The gradational improvements are key of the insight results.
Lean methodology: It is a procedure or method that's main purpose is to optimize
usage or implementation of the resources, human beings, efforts and the energy
within the company for the purpose of building the value or worth for the consumers
of the entity. It aims to obviating the wastage and bringing new initiative idea to
complete the improvements (Men and Chen, 2021).
There are five principles of this methodologies that are discussed below:
 Value: It's main aim to understand or get the value that will be valuable by the
consumers or human beings in the commodities that the firm furnishes for. It
uses to build or create the satisfaction that can be analyzed by the consumers
in the terms of monetary.
 Value stream: The main purpose of this is to finding the proposition that is
needed for increasing the value in the commodities.
 Flow: The main aim is to create the flow that are required in all the procedure
of the business and adjust the various procedure in appropriate and smoothly
manner with another. It is cause to eliminate all the existence of the
concurrence in the whole process.
 Pull: It refers the process of execute the plan into action with the help of this
principle because it builds the necessity of the items.
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 Perfection: It is the last principle that states a firm can engage the concept of
this in their procedure and it can easily working and solving the problems as
well.
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review
and critique of operations management principles within
your organization
A continuous improvement plan refers to the bunch or group of procedures
that aims to furnish the rectification or modifications whenever there is need by the
organization in the manner of minor or frequent changes that aids the business firm
in rising their commodities. The Tesco can be formulated this plan:
 Plan: This step explains the rectification of a suitable possibilities and plan an
appropriate modify policy for the company that may able to prove very good
for the firm as well.
 Do: It includes the original or real world and original execution of the new
policies and projections as well that the corporation aims to execute in their
workings.
 Check: It refers the frequent monitoring of all the procedures and plans that
the corporation executed for evaluating the level till that the plans could be
actually executed and analyze the level of the modification that company used
at the time of the failure (Querini and et. al., 2021).
 Act: When the modifications and the policies that the firm planned and that is
seen to achieve the success for the business scenario and workings of the
firm.
7. Conclusion
As per the above report, it has been concluded that the management of
operation and operation are two different concept that are interrelated with each
other. Operation contains the manufacturing the commodities and items on the other
side the operation management comprises the creating the highest efficiency in the
corporation with the aid of the administration of the activities of the company. This
report expressed the several conception with the Tesco. The lean methodology has
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been discussed that the principles of the administration that provides the firm the
new methods.
References
Ding, S., and et. al., 2020. A directed acyclic graph based architecture for optimal
operation and management of reconfigurable distribution systems with
PEVs. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
FAN, X., and et. al., 2022. Status quo and problem analysis of market operation and
management of DTP pharmacies in Guizhou province. China Pharmacy,
pp.789-794.
Habib, M.M., and et. al., 2021. Prediction of Reservoir-Kick Effect and Its
Management in the Managed-Pressure-Drilling Operation. SPE Drilling &
Completion, 36(03), pp.575-602.
Imaizumi, T., 2020. Editor's Message to Special Issue of the Internet and Operation
Technologies for Utilization of IoT. Journal of Information Processing, 28,
pp.203-203.
Li, Y., and et. al., 2022. Study on the Evaluation Method for Safety Operation of
Medium and Small Earth-Rock Dam in Cold Regions. In Advances in Food
Safety and Environmental Engineering (pp. 139-146). CRC Press.
Liao, A., 2022. Operation Improvement. In Warranty Chain Management (pp. 265-
287). Springer, Singapore.
Men, F. and Chen, L., 2021, December. Current status and development trend of
key technologies for operation and maintenance of electric vehicle charging
facilities. In 2021 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference
(iSPEC) (pp. 179-184). IEEE.
Querini, P.L., and et. al.,, 2021. A two-level model to define the energy procurement
contract and daily operation schedule of microgrids. Sustainable Energy,
Grids and Networks, 26, p.100459.'
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Table of Content
Part 2: Project Portfolio
Project Title p
An overview of the case study you have been given p
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your
selected project, including supporting documentation for each
stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-benefit analysis
and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation p
 Project planning p
 Project execution p
 Project closure p
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used p
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in
application to your project using the appropriate theories models
and concepts p
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Project Title
The title of this projection is depended on on-site facilities of the food catering
to the staffs in the business firm which contains the 1250 workers. This project aids
to the organization in solving the problems and issues of the workers or staffs who
are getting absent and conjunction. It is the cause of the disturbance that takes
surface in the enterprise due to the staffs who are having frequent movement in the
office site.
An overview of the case study you have been given
the case study is depended on the firm that deals with the obstacle or issue of
the congestion and frequent disturbance in the company that contains the 1250
workers (Basir and et al., 2018). It's main purpose is to decrease the over-crowding
and constant fluctuation in the corporation at the time of their lunch hours and after
the hours because it can affect the efficiency of the corporation and fails to supply or
deliver the output that has already targeted from the companies. It also influence the
goodwill and image of the corporation as well in the market scenario. It affects the
life style or cycle routine of the firm. The research for the particular action plan that
suits the most will aid in decreasing the problem of employees absenteeism in the
enterprise. The business requires to execute and take policies, concepts, ideas and
the modification that can aid in minimizing the staff absenteeism. It will also help to
maximize their efficiency and maintain a perfect healthy lifestyle for the staffs of the
business firm.
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to
your selected project, including supporting documentation
for each stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-
benefit analysis and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation
It considers as a first step of starting the project procedures. It expresses the
whole process of the projection that the corporation wants to implement whether the
projection has been discussed and constructed is good for the corporation or not.
The main aim is to find what is the value of the enterprise that helps to the whole
business firm (Bolshakov, 2018). These data and information used and taken into
the account to assured or secured in stakeholders. It helps in decision making that
helps to provide the directions and requirements of the resources such as figure out
the project stakeholders and so on.
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 Project planning
It is a discipline addressing like how to finish or complete the projection over a
particular time period with the help of the defined stages and resources. It contains
number of steps such as setting up the objective of measurable, recognizing
deliverables and so on. It helps in facilitating the communication and furnish the
source of the data and information for the personnel project. It also assists in
controlling the progress of the projection as well (Correa and et al., 2018). It
manages the risk that have the possibilities to occur during the implementation of the
project. In this phase the manager of the business enterprise create or prepare the
roadmap of the projection by considering the scope, schedule, work breakdown
framework, analysis of the risk. It's main purpose is to communicate the deliverables,
decide the timings as well as schedules.
 Project execution
It is the third phase. It is formulated when the work is presented and each
and everything step and things in the plan or projection is put into the action. It is
time consuming process. It takes lot of time to implement. It is the most crucial phase
of the project life cycle. The main aim or objective of this stage is to establish and
produce the expected deliverables of the projection that must be supplied on the
basis of time as per the predetermined budget and must fit with the scope and fulfill
consumer quality necessities (de Moraes and et al., 2020). The advantages and
importance of the completion the projection with successful can not be exaggerated.
It maintain the workflow for all the task that are related with the projection. It
oversees on the risk management. It monitor the all the activities.
 Project closure
It is the final and ending stage of this cycle or process. It refers to the formal
closure that means hand over the projection and their responsibility to the client.
When the corporations are done with project then there are various steps it focus to
make sure the accuracy and clients construe. The project manager ensures that
everything should be meet with the client satisfaction and as per their standards. It
furnishes opportunities to analyse the performance, efficiency and productivity that
can impact positive on the procedure of the business (Hermano, 2021). This phase
indicates the company achieve their essential objectives and aims that support the
firm's long term goals. It involves the analysing the projection, transferring the
productions to the client, dispensing the elements or resources and talking with the
stakeholders at the time of each and every stage of a projection throughout their
process of completion.
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Methodologies of the projection
The methodology of the project contains the bunch or set of the principles and
practices that assists to company in maintaining, managing and establishing the
projections for reassuring the best or optimal action or activity of the project.
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 Waterfall methodology: It is the approach of the project management that
defined the linear progress from starting point to ending point of the
projection. It often utilized by engineers for the purpose of planning, doing
documentation in detailed and sequential implementation. In other words, it
is the consecutive development procedure that flows as a waterfall by all the
stages of the projection such as at the time of analyzing, designing,
development of the project, testing and so on (Krishnan, Mathiyazhagan
and Sreedharan, 2020). It contains the number of steps. Each step and
method of this methodology completes itself before the next step initiation.
The success or achievements of it totally dependent on the practices and
capability of the last step is being formulated to get the surety of the
hundred percent results. These tasks or activities are completed in effective
or appropriate manner according to the series of the steps. So there is very
less chance of the risk that can be incur at the time of implementing the
project. But there is less chances or scope of adaption because it
contemplates that it is very tough to do the modification in predetermined
projects. It is the disadvantage of this stage.
 Agile methodology: This process is basically dependent on the project up-
gradation that are associated with the constant specified testings and the
adjustment on the regular basis. The main principle of this software is that it
refers to the united, fast and accessible methodology in comparison of the
others that are available in the project management (Sanchez, 2021). It
contains the highly data ambitious and very simple to acquire or accept the
modification that are associated to the data that have chances or
possibilities to happen in the further time. It is considered as flexible and
best methodology for the projection. It relates the most to execute their
project in appropriate manner in specified given time period.
Project tools
These kind of tools utilized at the time of initiating or accomplishing the
projection of the company. It contains network diagram, assessment of the project
and the techniques that helps in review as well as documentation. These assists to
the business firm to maintain or manage the efficacious monitoring of the project and
modification or transformation that happen at the time of establishing the projects in
overall the process (Sailer, 2019). The tools of project aids the management or
administration to furnish the review and do the rectification and modification that are
needed. In the project whenever there are necessities of do the changes or
modification and evolution. With the help of the manager of the project take useful or
helpful action where it is required.
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Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC
in application to your project using the appropriate
theories models and concepts
This cycle contains the steps or methods that flows on frequent basis and the
procedure are essential for the progression of the project for its ending. It is main
preferred arrangements of all the needed process that are necessary for the owner
or manager of the project for beginning and ending of that particular project
successfully. The PLC contains the several steps such as planning, implementation,
beginning, feedback and ending of the project. It plays major role in the term of
discussion as per the above case study or establishing on site business for the staffs
as well as employees in corporation and maintain their healthy lifestyle. It assists firm
to evaluate and take the decision regarding deviant, if there might be happen any
issue at the time of completion of the projection (Saleem, 2019). The deliverables of
their lifestyle are related to their health that has been attained by the corporation.
The models and methodologies of this project involves the agile and waterfall
methodology that are utilized by the enterprise to furnish the assurance that they
have backed up by the techniques and software that are required to accomplish
successfully. The capabilities of it can be evaluated with the aid of their concept.
These all are shows the performance of the project. Basically it compresses the
staff's satisfaction and the quality of the internal process that can be magistrate
easily whether the objectives are attained in proper manner or not.
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References
Basir and et al., 2018. Integration of GIS and BIM techniques in construction project
management–A review. The International Archives of Photogrammetry,
Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, pp.307-316.
Bolshakov, S., 2018. Project management practices: the experience of the countries
of Central and Eastern Europe. Obshchestvo i ekonomika, (9), pp.33-43.
Correa and et al., 2018. Identification and analysis of project management success
factors in information technology SMEs. International Journal of Information
Technology Project Management (IJITPM), 9(4), pp.73-90.
de Moraes and et al., 2020. Systematization of absorptive capacity microprocesses
for knowledge identification in project management. Journal of Knowledge
Management.
Hermano, V., 2021. Rethinking maturity models: from project management to
project-based. In Project Management and Engineering Research (pp. 63-
73). Springer, Cham.
Krishnan, S., Mathiyazhagan, K. and Sreedharan, V.R., 2020. Developing a hybrid
approach for lean six sigma project management: A case application in the
reamer manufacturing industry. IEEE Transactions on Engineering
Management.
Sailer, P., 2019. Project management methods as a way to
ambidexterity. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
Saleem, N., 2019, May. Empirical analysis of critical success factors for project
management in global software development. In 2019 ACM/IEEE 14th
International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE) (pp. 68-
71). IEEE.
Sanchez, M.A., 2021. How Internet of Things Is Transforming Project Management.
In Research Anthology on Digital Transformation, Organizational Change,
and the Impact of Remote Work (pp. 463-484). IGI Global.
Shah, S. and Ganji, E.N., 2018. Sustainability adoption in project management
practices within a social enterprise case. Management of Environmental
Quality: An International Journal.
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