Operations and Project Management: Review and Critique of Operations Management Principles within Rochelle Clothing Co

This report provides a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within Rochelle Clothing Co, including an analysis of the extent to which the operations management of the organization meets the requirements of the organization. It also discusses continuous improvement as a philosophy and describes the Lean principles.

ID
Unit Number and Title Unit 187 –
Operations and
Project Management
Title Review and Critique
of Operations
Management (Part
1

Table of Content
Part 1: Business Report
1. An introduction to chosen organization p
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management p
3. A review and critique of the implementation of operations
management principles within the chosen organization p
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations management of
the organisation in the case study meets the requirements of the
organization p
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and
describe the Lean principles p
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review and
critique of operations management principles within your
organization p
7. Conclusion p
References p
2

1. An introduction to chosen organization
Rochelle Clothing Co is an organization which deals in Clothes and Fabric. It is
located in Smethwick, United Kingdom. Therefore, it is a company which is based in
Midlands. It provides the products according to the wide range of needs and requirements
which are related with the different types of customers in the market. Thus, In this way it can
be stated that this organization is able to enhance its overall level of efficiency and
effectiveness in the market.
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management
Operations refers to the work of managing the inner workings of the business so that
it can run in an efficient manner. Operation is also relates with the presentation of suitable
course of task or other sector that might involve in the frequent course of application of
values or process (Ho, and Chuah, 2019). It will be defined as a global field of the actions
that will demonstrated by the staff faculty of an organization that might get effected on the
manner of the production, distribution and services and many more as effectively and
efficiently.
Operation management will relates to the field of the management that are related
with appointing and maintaining of the process sections and recreating of the operations of
the organization in creating of goods and services. It is a process of converting of raw
material into terminal goods and services. It will helps in maximization of the profit of the
organization (Kakade, and Bagga, 2021). As in relation to the respective company, they are
providing facilities that are connected with the fuel, lubes, and farm oils or municipality with
a fuel required as effectively and efficiently in the business of management.
Operations Management refers to planning, organizing, supervising in the contexts of
production, manufacturing or the provision of services. Therefore, Rochelle Clothing Co has
to make sure that it increases the overall level of efficiency and effectiveness in both of them
which will thus help it in attaining the future goals and objectives.
3. A review and critique of the implementation of
operations management principles within the chosen
organization
Operations Management Principles are quite important because through their
assessment the organizations are able to make sure that they can enhance their overall level of
efficiency and effectiveness (Akkermans and et.al., 2020). Therefore, for an organization like
3

Rochelle Clothing Co it is highly necessary that they can be used in a right way. Thus, the
application of the following principles has to be done within the organization-
 Reality- This means that the firms must focus on the reality of their various types of
processes (Alves, Ferreira and de Nadae, 2021). This is quite important and should be
ensured so that the organizations are able to take the required actions which will help
them a lot in enhancing their overall level of efficiency and effectiveness.
 Organization- Within a production facility, everything in the operations is
interconnected. Therefore, it becomes highly important and necessary that the focus is
put on the operations which will be helpful in the attainment of the goals and
objectives.
 Humility- There is a high cost of Trial and error processes and therefore it is
necessary for the managers to understand that they have limitations. Thus, the
assessment of the limitations will be quite helpful in saving of money and time and
helping the production in the long run.
 Success- There is a high priority which should be given to the interest of the
customers. Therefore, it is important that the focus of the organizations should be on
their different types of customers.
 Accountability- It refers to being accountable for the work. In the company it is quite
necessary and important that the right method and techniques can be used for the
particular purpose of ensuring the attainment of goals and objectives.
 Causality- This means that the problems are quite similar with the symptoms.
Therefore, for the organizations it is necessary that for the removal of problems the
underlying cause has to be removed as well.
 Fundamentals- According to the Pareto Rule of Efficiency, 80% of success comes
from the current processes and 20% comes from application of the new techniques to
the processes.
 Variance- Variance which incurs in the techniques and processes should be
encouraged so that the fostering of creativity can be done and therefore the allowance
to better response to other sources of variation can be done.
 Managed passion- Passionate employees are quite important for any organization.
Therefore, it is quite important that there are motivated managers within the
organization so that the passion can be increased within the employees which will
help the organization in the attainment of sustainable success in the future quite
effectively and efficiently in a proper manner.
 Change- It is necessary that the right identification of the change can be done within
the organization. For the company, it is therefore quite important and necessary that
the high-level of stability can be managed within its processes so that it is able to
attain its future goals and objectives.
4

4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations
management of the organization in the case study meets
the requirements of the organization
Operations Management is important in the organizations because through ensuring
their right use the organization is able to take the desired actions (Barrado and et.al., 2020).
Therefore, for an organization like Rochelle Clothing Co, it is quite necessary that it is able to
appropriately able to make the use of Operations Management in such a way so that it is able
to enhance the overall efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, it becomes quite important and
necessary that the various types of managers of a particular organization are able to put their
focus on it so that they can meet out the different types of needs and requirements in a proper
and right way. It is necessary that for the purpose of bringing improvement in the
functioning, the Operations Management is improved which will help in making the best
contribution towards the management of the different types of needs and requirements and
thus will be quite useful for the managers of the firm. The following objectives of the firm
can be met in this manner-
 Cost Reduction- It is quite important that the identification of the costs within the
organization can be done so that the appropriate steps can be taken which will
therefore help a lot in reducing the costs and taking the organization on the route of
attainment of sustainable level of success quite effectively and efficiently. The
excessive costs generally incur in the Production Department and thus it becomes
quite necessary as well as important that the different types of decisions can be taken
so that the reduction in these excessive costs can be carried out.
 Quality- It is highly important that the right-level of quality of the products can be
maintained within the organizations (Fernandes and et.al., 2020). Therefore, in this
way it can be stated that the management of the different types of needs and
requirements can be carried out. By providing good quality of goods to the customers
it can be ensured that their overall level of satisfaction can be enhanced which will be
quite useful and helpful for them.
 Productivity- It is absolutely crucial that the enhancement in the overall level of
productivity can be carried out in the firms. Thus, in this way it can be stated that the
identification of the way in which it can be enhanced can be done which will be
helpful for the attainment of the goals and objectives. Therefore, in this way it can be
stated that the enhancement in the productivity level will be quite useful for the
management of the wide range of needs and requirements and will lead towards the
better satisfaction level of the customers as good quality goods will be provided to
them. Thus, it is quite important as well as necessary that the appropriate steps can be
taken for the purpose of bringing an enhancement in the productivity level.
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy
and describe the Lean principles
Continuous Improvement is a Lean improvement technique through which the
streamlining of the workflows can be carried out in quite a proper manner (Grover, Kar and
Dwivedi, 2020) Thus, for an organization like Rochelle Clothing Co it is quite important and
5

necessary that its appropriate use can be made for the attainment of the goals and objectives.
The use of Lean Principles can be made so that the increase in the overall level of efficiency
and effectiveness can be carried out. The Lean Principles are as follows-
 Define Value- It is essential that the appropriate determination of the value can be
done within the organization (Kurian and et.al., 2020). Therefore, in this way the
company will be able to find out the value of its various types of processes in a proper
manner.
 Map the Value Stream- Mapping the Value Stream is quite important for the
organizations (Papachristos and et.al., 2020). Thus, in this way it can be stated that in
this way it will help the firms to be able to enhance the overall level of efficiency and
effectiveness.
 Create Flow- It is important that a proper flow is maintained within the organizations
so that the processes can go on quite smoothly (Picciotto, 2020). Therefore, in this
way this will be quite useful for the organizations in ensuring that they are able to
appropriately manage their work.
 Establish Pull- It is quite necessary that this can be done so that the proper
management of the work can be carried out. Inventory is considered as one of the
biggest wastes in a production system. Therefore, it is important that it is done so that
the work can be managed in a better way.
 Pursue Perfection- It is an important step which is required to be followed (Styhre,
2020). Therefore, it is quite important that the employees should strive towards
perfection while they are delivering products based on the customer needs. Therefore,
in this way the company will be able to move forward and attain sustainable level of
success.
6. A continuous improvement plan, including your justified
recommendations for improvement, based on your review
and critique of operations management principles within
your organization
Continuous Improvement Plan is a plan which is used within the organizations so that
they are able to identify the way in which the desired level of improvements can be made and
thus this will help them to enhance the overall level of efficiency and effectiveness in quite a
proper and right manner (Sun and et.al., 2020). An organization like Rochelle Clothing Co is
therefore required to make sure that its use can be made for attaining a higher-level of
efficiency and effectiveness.
Continuous Improvement Plan
Problem Areas of
the Organization
Actions which can
be taken to solve the
problems
Technique to be
used for Controlling
and Monitoring
Time-period
required for solving
the problem
6

Lack of use of proper
marketing techniques
Use of the appropriate
marketing strategies
should be made so
that the appropriate
actions can be taken
in a right way quite
effectively and
efficiently in a proper
manner.
The use of KPIs
should be made for
the particular purpose
of measurement of
the performance quite
appropriately which
will be useful in
ensuring that the
rectifying actions can
be taken according to
the needs and
requirements.
3 months
Lack of efficiency
and effectiveness of
the staff members
Proper training is
required to be
provided to the staff
members so that they
are able to make sure
that they can bring the
required level of
improvements in their
performance level in
quite a proper and
right manner.
The use of
Benchmarking should
be made for the
purpose of ensuring
that the setting of the
different types of
benchmarks can be
carried out and the
identification of the
deviations and
variances can be done
in an appropriate way
so that the right
actions can be taken
to remove them.
6 months
Lack of performance
of some departments
of the organization
The regular
assessment of the
performance level of
the departments has
to be carried out so
that the appropriate
rectifying actions can
be taken for the
purpose of enhancing
the performance.
The use of KPIs
should be made so
that the performance
of the departments
has to be assessed in
quite a proper
manner.
9 months
Mistakes and Errors
in Production
A proper and detailed
assessment of the
Production
Department is
required to be done so
that the identification
of the mistakes and
errors can be carried
The use of
Benchmarking is
required to be done so
that the different
types of Benchmarks
can be set and
therefore the desired
actions can be taken if
12 months
7

out so that the
corrective actions can
be taken to remove
them.
the Production is not
meeting the
benchmark levels.
Recommendations- It is quite necessary that the appropriate recommendations can be
given to the management so that it is able to facilitate an improvement in the overall level of
performance which will help in the attainment of the future goals and objectives. Therefore,
the recommendations which can be provided to the managers of Rochelle Clothing Co are as
follows-
 A proper marketing plan must be framed by the managers of the organization for the
particular purpose of identification of the marketing goals and objectives. In this way
this will be helpful in dealing with the problem of marketing.
 Through providing the skill development sessions regularly to the staff members, their
overall level of performance can be enhanced and improved. In this way it will be
quite helpful and useful for the particular purpose of attainment of the necessary goals
and objectives. This will help in dealing with the problem of lack of efficiency and
effectiveness.
 Through carrying out regular assessment of the performance in the departments the
identification of the way in which the improvement in the performance level can be
done should be made. In this way the managers of the organization will be able to
ensure that they can improve the performance level of these particular departments in
quite a proper and appropriate manner.
 The use of set methods and techniques must be made so that the mistakes and errors
in production can be identified and therefore the appropriate rectifying actions can be
taken. Therefore, In this way this will be quite useful in ensuring that the
improvement in the Production Department's working pattern can be made.
7. Conclusion
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that Operations and Project
Management is quite important for the firms because it leads towards solving of various types
of problems and issues which can incur in the organization. In this way the enhancement in
the overall level of efficiency and effectiveness can be done in a better way. Therefore, it can
be stated that for the different types of managers of a firm should be able to make sure that
8

they are able to make its use for the purpose of bringing out the desired and necessary
improvements which will thereby help in ensuring that the overall level of productivity can
be enhanced in quite a better manner.
References
Akkermans, J. and et.al., 2020. Crafting project managers’ careers: Integrating the fields of
careers and project management. Project management journal. 51(2). pp.135-153.
Alves, J. L., Ferreira, E. A. and de Nadae, J., 2021. Crisis and Risks in Engineering Project
Management: A Review. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production
Management. 18(4). pp.1-17.
Barrado, C. and et.al., 2020. U-space concept of operations: A key enabler for opening
airspace to emerging low-altitude operations. Aerospace. 7(3). p.24.
Fernandes, G. and et.al., 2020. The roles of a Programme and Project Management Office to
support collaborative university–industry R&D. Total Quality Management &
Business Excellence. 31(5-6). pp.583-608.
Grover, P., Kar, A. K. and Dwivedi, Y. K., 2020. Understanding artificial intelligence
adoption in operations management: insights from the review of academic literature
and social media discussions. Annals of Operations Research. pp.1-37.
Kurian, D. and et.al., 2020. Using machine learning and keyword analysis to analyze
incidents and reduce risk in oil sands operations. Safety Science. 130. p.104873.
Papachristos, G. and et.al., 2020. Low carbon building performance in the construction
industry: a multi-method approach of project management operations and building
energy use applied in a UK public office building. Energy and buildings. 206.
p.109609.
Picciotto, R., 2020. Towards a ‘New Project Management’movement? An international
development perspective. International Journal of Project Management. 38(8).
pp.474-485.
Styhre, A., 2020. Thinly and thickly capitalized projects: Theorizing the role of the finance
markets and capital supply in project management studies. Project Management
Journal. 51(4). pp.378-388.
Sun, W. and et.al., 2020, September. Research on Lean Operations Management Method of
Railway Marshalling Yard. In 2020 IEEE 5th International Conference on
Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE) (pp. 205-208). IEEE.
9

Table of Content
Part 2: Project Portfolio
Project Title p
An overview of the case study you have been given p
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to your
selected project, including supporting documentation for each
stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-benefit analysis
and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation p
 Project planning p
 Project execution p
 Project closure p
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used p
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC in
application to your project using the appropriate theories models
and concepts p
10

Project Title
The Project Title is Staff Personal Development Programme. Its main aim is to make sure
that the management of the work in detail can be done which will be quite helpful in ensuring
that the staff members are able to develop their own skills and competencies in a better
manner.
An overview of the case study you have been given
According to the Case Study, there is a problem which is being faced in the local area
because of excessive movement of the staff members during the Lunch Break. This is also
affecting the overall level of efficiency, effectiveness and productivity level at work.
Therefore, the aim of the Staff Personal Development Programme is to make sure that the
food can be cooked in-house. This will therefore help the staff members a lot so that they are
able to make sure that they are able to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and productivity
level (Harmanli and et.al., 2021).
An explanation of each stage of the PLC that applies to
your selected project, including supporting documentation
for each stage (e.g., business case, the project plan, cost-
benefit analysis and work breakdown structure):
 Project initiation
In this stage, the initiation of the project is done (Kim, Seo and Kim, 2020). This is therefore
quite useful and important because this helps in starting the project in the right way. In
Rochelle Clothing Co, it is quite necessary that its use is made so that the enhancement in the
overall level of efficiency and effectiveness can be made. The use of a document like
Business Case can be made here so that the different types of Business needs and
requirements can be met through ensuring the use of proper planning.
 Project planning
In this stage, the planning which is related with the project is done. In this way, it is quite
helpful for the purpose of ensuring that the project is able to meet its different types of needs
and requirements in a better way. Therefore, In Rochelle Clothing Co it is highly important
and necessary that this is done so that the implementation of the plans can be done in a proper
way. The use of a document like Project Plan is recommended here so that the project can be
planned in a better manner.
 Project execution
It is a stage were the final planning related with the execution of the project is done
which will therefore be quite helpful in ensuring that the project can become
successful in the future. In the context of Rochelle Clothing Co, it is quite necessary
and important that the right actions are taken here so that the improvements can be
made and thus the attainment of the future goals and objectives can be done. The
cost-benefit analysis is required to be done here so that the identification of the ways
in which enhancement in the overall level of profits can be done which will therefore
11

help the company to be able to progress in the market and attain a strategic and
competitive edge over the various types of competitors in the market.
 Project closure
It is the stage when the project moves towards closure (Lopez and et.al., 2020).
Therefore, this stage becomes quite important for Rochelle Clothing Co. This is so because
the organizations are required to identify the way in which they can successfully attain the
goals and objectives which are related with the project so that the project can become
successful. Therefore, for the organization it is quite necessary and important it can attain
sustainable level of success in such a case. The use of Work Breakdown Structure can be
made here so that the different types of tasks can be allocated to the employees as per their
various skills and competencies which will be quite useful and helpful for them.
Analysis of the project methodologies and tools used
Agile Project Management is the project methodology which will be used here for the
purpose of delivering the project throughout its life cycle (Muminova and et.al., 2020). Thus,
in this way the overall systematic management of the project needs and requirements can be
carried out which will be quite helpful for the particular purpose of enhancing the overall
level of efficiency and effectiveness level. There are different types of principles of this
methodology. These principles are explained as follows-
 The project breaks a requirement into smaller pieces which are prioritized by the team
members according to importance (Sidani and et.al., 2021). This helps in ensuring that
the fulfillment of the requirement can be carried out.
 The promotion of collaborative working with the customer can be done so that the
project management can be done in detail. Therefore, it can be stated that it can be
useful for the particular purpose of meeting out the particular level of needs and
requirements.
 Through the use of this methodology, the reflection, learning and adjustments are
made at regular intervals which is quite useful. In this way it helps a lot in ensuring
that the appropriate actions are taken at the right time.
 The use of these methods can result in integration of planning with execution which
allows an organization to create a working mindset through which a team can respond
to the changing requirements (Bai, and et.al., 2021). Therefore, this is quite useful
and helpful for the particular purpose of managing the project in a right way.
Review and critically evaluate the effectiveness of the PLC
in application to your project using the appropriate
theories models and concepts
Performance management
Performance managements is refers as the process of rewarding the candidates and the
executives through which they might be efficiently maintain their job roles and project. As
12

there are various advantages and limitations of the performance management that are
mentioned below -
 Advantages – It will refers to the performance that are based on the representation in
the management. As there are executives who will try to evaluate the way of
presentation of staff members who are working in the company (Caramia, 2020). As it
might also provide the fulfillment to those staff members who are performing
challenging and putting their global efforts. As it will also encourage the candidates
towards achieving of their goals and targets in an organization.
 Disadvantages – As there are various certain disadvantages of performance
management that will relates to the time consuming. As there are varied term of
actions that will include higher time for the executives and employees. As there might
be bias values in the employees.
Key performance indicators
It will relates to the quantitative terms of performance over a definite period of time
for certain goals (Chirumalla, 2018). As there are certain key performance indicators of this
project like gross customer and employee satisfaction and declination in employees revenue. Revenue growth – If there are maximization in the organizational turnover and
profitability then it will be refers to the organizational field that are creating basic
term of project that will be effective. In context to the respective company, they are
marking their effective performance sections by suitable methods. If their
organization is acquiring higher amount of profit then their task will be get successful. Consumer and employee satisfaction – As it will involves the staff faculty that are
gaining high set of satisfaction. On the other hand, it will effected in maximization of
the organizational presentation (Duncan, 2020). As it will accommodating for both
staff members and the organization will supports effective sections as effectively.
 Reduction in candidates turnover – It will relates ti the key performance indicators,
as if the candidates of the management are not quitting the organization then it will be
successful implementation in terms of the project in the working condition.
Project monitoring and evaluation
13

Project monitoring and evaluation are ti be demonstrated after execution of the
strategies and tactics. As in the present scenario, the section of the project plan will provide
healthy foods to candidates. The executives of the organization should supervise the
performance of all staff faculty that might have to oversee the performance of all staff faculty
that will be effective in achieving their targets (Eriksson, Larsson, and Pesämaa, 2017). As
on the other hand, manager will focus on identification of the problems that are required to be
faced at the time of implementation of strategies in the organizational divisions. The
executives should allotted varied term of the project to their team members to resolve all the
problems and issues by themselves and will also try to decrease the manner of the issues as
effectively and efficiently. The course of task for providing healthy and safe food product
that might be achieved by developing food products at their work place and it will resulted in
development of staff members (Eyers, and Naim, 2019). It will help them in maximizing
employees satisfaction and retaining them for longer and effective period of time in the
business of management.
Importance of reliability and validity
Reliability is refers to the section that will relates to the targets and aims which should
be get managed in a specific divisions. As it is consistent from one person to another person.
As on the other hand, reliability is important in measuring courses as because it will defined
to the amount of degree by which frequent department is efficiently used with the substantial
divisions as in terms of their roles and accountability. As there are basic sort of manner that
will relates to the section for measuring the target orientated task sections as because
reliability and validity will help in the development of the task as effectively and achieving
their organizational goals and objectives as effectively and efficiently.
Phases of PLC
As there are four phases of the respective management that are orientated with the
initiation section as per to the organization. As the organization are utilizing leadership style
in order to provide healthy and safe food products to their members of the staff faculty
(Gudmestad, 2019). As on the other hand, it will include an effective mode of leadership that
are use to create creative terms and innovative field of ideas that will relates to the operations
that might be presented in organizational global condition. As on the other side, there will be
execution of the phase, that will include an effective course of term that are potential to
utilize the monetary fund that should be need for executing of the various plan of actions and
14

tactics that are developed in planning phase as effectively and efficiently (Haniff, and
Caldwell, 2019). And at the last it will involve the closure section, it will cover the major
criteria of the respective field of the management that has been closed and the executives are
more focused towards their achievement of the objectives and the goals as effectively and
efficiently in the business of the management.
References
Harmanli, O. and et.al., 2021. Optimizing the robotic surgery team: an operations
management perspective. International Urogynecology Journal. 32(6). pp.1379-
1385.
Kim, Y. O., Seo, S. B. and Kim, G. J., 2020. Incorporation of robustness and adaptiveness
into reservoir operations under climate change. In Climate Change-Sensitive Water
Resources Management (pp. 140-160). CRC Press.
Lopez, B. and et.al., 2020, December. Operations management for recent and future large
astronomical facilities: thoughts on best practices and key concepts. In Observatory
Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems VIII (Vol. 11449, p. 1144912).
International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Muminova, E. and et.al., 2020. Features of Introducing Blockchain Technology in Digital
Economy Developing Conditions in Uzbekistan. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol.
159, p. 04023). EDP Sciences.
Sidani, A. and et.al., 2021. Recent tools and techniques of BIM-based virtual reality: A
systematic review. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. 28(2).
pp.449-462.
Bai, L., and et.al., 2021. Service provider portfolio selection for project management using a
BP neural network. Annals of Operations Research, pp.1-22.
Caramia, M., 2020. Project management and scheduling. Annals of Operations
Research, 285(1), pp.1-8.
Chirumalla, K., 2018. Managing Product Introduction Projects in Operations: Key challenges
in heavy-duty vehicle industry. The Journal of Modern Project Management, 5(3).
Duncan, J.E., 2020. Manager, Library Operations.
Eriksson, P.E., Larsson, J. and Pesämaa, O., 2017. Managing complex projects in the
infrastructure sector—A structural equation model for flexibility-focused project
management. International journal of project management, 35(8), pp.1512-1523.
Eyers, D. and Naim, M., 2019. Project Management for Effective Operations Management.
In Contemporary Operations and Logistics (pp. 11-27). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Gudmestad, O.T., 2019. Waiting on Suitable Weather to Perform Marine Operations.
In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference in Ocean Engineering
(ICOE2018) (pp. 3-12). Springer, Singapore.
15

Haniff, A. and Caldwell, N., 2019. The 24th International Annual Conference: Inspiring
Operations Management. International Journal of Operations & Production
Management.
Ho, S.C. and Chuah, K.B., 2019. A Handbook for ITF R&D Project Management.
In Managing Operations Throughout Global Supply Chains (pp. 100-118). IGI
Global.
Kakade, R.G. and Bagga, P.S., 2021, March. Remote Operations: The New Norm.
In International Petroleum Technology Conference. One Petro.
(Bai, and et.al., 2021)(Caramia, 2020)(Chirumalla, 2018)(Duncan, 2020)(Eriksson,
Larsson, and Pesämaa, 2017)(Eyers, and Naim, 2019)(Gudmestad, 2019)(Haniff,
and Caldwell, 2019)(Ho, and Chuah, 2019)(Kakade, and Bagga, 2021)
()
16