Comparative Analysis of Large and Small Scale Projects

The assignment compares and contrasts large-scale and small-scale projects in terms of their team size, time frame, complexity, and organizational requirements. It highlights the importance of operation management in achieving targets and customer satisfaction, and discusses various leadership styles and theories used to gain a competitive edge. The document also references relevant books and journals on project management and operations.

Operations
and Project Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1 Review and critique on implementation of operation management and its principle in an
organisational context.................................................................................................................1
P2 Continuous improvement plan based on review and critique of operations management
principles within an organisation ...............................................................................................5
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................7
P3 Application of PLC to given project in order to produce necessary supporting
documentation for completion of project....................................................................................7
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P4 Review on effectiveness of PLC in application to the chosen project by applying
appropriate models,concepts and theories.................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
There are mainly two forms of work aspects exist in an organisation namely operations
and projects. In this, operations include day-to-day on going activities of business that are
conducted on repetitive manner such as, production or accounting while project is a set of formal
and systematic endeavours that include a specific occurrence and end (Binder, 2016). Present
case study has been conducted on, XYZ Company organisation that was established in the year
1911. company indulge in the offering related to, freezers, dishwashers, tumble dryers, cookers
and refrigerators. Company is planning to initiate and expand their business services while
brining new 58 inches television in a market. In this report, discussions have been made on,
formative principles of operations management along with continuous improvement plan for
XYZ company. In addition with this, project life cycle and its effectiveness are included in this
report.
P1 Review and critique on implementation of operation management and its principle in an
organisational context
Operation is continuous and ongoing process of activities that mainly produce same end
product or a repetitious service. Activities within operations management run on a regular basis
in order to achieve business goals and objective in an effective manner (Swink, 2017). There are
different types of activities can be taken as an example in context of operation management that
include, accounting operations, manufacturing or production process and IT service
management. In XYZ Company operations are done by utilizing various factors such as,
technology, tools, materials and employees with the help of which company transform their raw
materials into accomplished product or a services. Whereas, on the other hand in relation with
project management, company utilize skills, methods, knowledge and experiences of their
subordinates and employees to accomplish a project in a specified period of time. Mentioned
below there are some various types of principles of project management:
Principles of Operation management:

Operational manager of XYZ Company follow certain formative principles in order to
ensure that business activities of companies are effectively done with high accuracy in stipulated
period of time.
Principles of Reality:
As per according to this factor, it is essential for operational manager to put their more on
focus on a problem rather than techniques that has been used in its implementation. It is a fact
that, there is no tool present that can provide a universal solution for a problem (Sears, 2015).
Operational manager of XYZ Company effectively ensure requirements of their consumers in
order to launch their new TV set in a marketplace. Presently, company is engage in the offering
of refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners,dishwashers, dryers, cookers and freezers.
Principle of Organisation:
This principle throws a light on a fact that, factors that are involved in the process of
process of manufacturing are interrelated with each other. It is important for Operational
managers of XYZ Company to keep their all activities in manufacturing process in predictable
and consistent manner as to get identical outcomes. This will benefit them to provide effective
products and services to their consumers without facing any hurdle.
Principles of Fundamentals:
This principle states that, nearly 80% of organisational success can be attain by following
strict record and discipline and remain 20% can be achieved by taking advantage of numerous
tools and techniques in a production process. XYZ Companymanagers formally maintain
formative record of availability of raw material, inventor and other related factors in order to
ensure organisation long term sustainability.
Principle of Accountability:
This principle states that, it is the basic responsibility of organisation managers of XYZ
Company to provide accurate roles and responsibilities to their subordinates along with
identification of its accomplishment. This can aid employees to put their extra effort on their
targets and get proper appreciation and rewards.
Principles of causality:
This principle states that problems are going to solved in effective way if actual causes
of that same are not identified. In order to overcome this situation, managers of XYZ Company
effectively ensure that organisation recruit skilled candidates and offer them stipulated training

measures so to increase their effectiveness. This will benefit organisation to evaluate a problem
in relation to their product or service in a given period of time as raise their profitability rate on
simultaneous manner (Turner, 2014).
Principles of success:
As per according to this principle, it is important for an organisation to fulfil each and
every requirement of their consumers in effective way so to strengthen their base of consumer.
In context with this, Operational manager of XYZ Company effectively ensure that issues and
problems of their consumers addressed in formative way so to raise their overall rate of
profitability by generating high growth in their retained consumer base.
Principle of Change:
As per according to this principle, it is essential for an organisation to revive their internal
developing factors within their working structure such as, advancements in company tools and
techniques, development of new theories and improved solution for their problems. This will aid
XYZ Company operational managers to not stick on one single theory for their different types of
organisational process. This system of updating benefit Hoptpoint to ensure their long term
sustainability and bring effective and advanced technological measure in organisation so to gain
more competitive advancements.
Six Sigma: Six Sigma is a effective tool that will aid an organisation to enhance their
organisational process. This concept was coined by Bill Smith in the year 1980. As per according
to this approach, it is important to evaluate any kind of defect in process of their outcome so to
reduce rate of fluctuations in their manufacturing process. In order to initiate six sigma approach
in effective way two forms of methodologies are required that include, DMADV ( define,
measure, analyse, design and validate) and DMAIC( define, measure, analyse, improve and
control). Operational manager of XYZ Company utilize six sigma and its two methodologies in
order to effectively launch their new 58 inches TV set in a marketplace. Mentioned belwo
DMADV methodology is effectively defined:
Define:
Operational manager of XYZ Company is planning to manufacture a new and innovative
58 inches TV set as per according to preferences and current market condition of marketplace.
Operational managers have analysed overall factors and then formulate effective strategies so to
accomplish their targets in remarkable way.

Measure:
In this factor, manufacturing process is done after evaluating requirements of costumers.
Operational manager of XYZ Company ensure each and every requirement of consumer and
then suggest their manufacturing team to implement certain changes by adding additional
features in their product or services. This will help them to enhance quality of their 58 inches TV
and overcome risk before its launching.
Analyse:
As per according to this factor, it is important for XYZ Company operational managers to
formulate their product design strategies effectively and analyse other variants of substitutes in
order to ensure company long term sustainability.
Design:
It is important for XYZ Company operational manager to formulate strategies in effective
way and design their products and services as per expectations of current market trend and
consumers within a given period of time. Along with this, Operations managers of company can
also evaluate other possible alternatives with help of which they can achieve more competitive
advancement.
Verify:
At this level of step, it is required to ensure designing process of a product is effectively
done as per requirement of consumers and its performance is satisfactory (Nicholas and Steyn,
2017).
Lean production/ manufacturing:
It is one of the best effective method which aid an organisation to reduce their level of
wastage in the process of manufacturing without impacting quality of their product. XYZ
Company operational manager by taking advantage of different types of tools and techniques can
further take their production process towards great effectiveness. Lean production benefits XYZ
Company to decrease their overall level of production and ensure formative sustainability on
simultaneous way. Mentioned below there are some various aspects of lean production.
Value:
Value factor include, effective process of creating product as per requirement of market
and consumer along with measuring satisfaction level of consumer regarding to that product. It is
required for XYZ Company operational manager measure satisfaction level of their customers in

relation with 58 inches TV and ensure whether their consumers are actually satisfied with their
product or not. This will help them to deliver their services and products in best effective way.
Value Stream:
As per according to this factor, it has been evaluated that it is important for an
organisation to effectively create value of their product and ensure its after delivery effectiveness
in order to fulfil every essential need of consumers. Operational manager of XYZ Company is
required to analyse effectiveness of 58 inches TV after its selling process is done. It will help
them to fill any related require gap and achieve overall success.
Flow:
This factor states that, it is important to reduce level of wastage in order to lower down
organisation future obstacles and ensure effective functionality of business (Morris, 2013).
Operational manager of XYZ Company know this fact and implement breakdown structure and
Workload levelling method in order to effectively conduct their production function and
accomplish predefined outcome.
Establish Pull:
Inventory plays an key essential role in a process of production hence, it is the first and
foremost responsibility of operational manager of XYZ Company to consider overall factor of
inventory and formulate effective strategies in defined manner as to order inventory for
production process when there is an actual requirement. This will help XYZ Company to
decrease their level of wastage and strengthen their usage of raw material aspect.
Pursue Perfection:
In order to achieve predefined target in an effective manner it is essential for operation
manager to consider overall aspects that are described above in formative way. Operation
manager in order to evaluate their improvement process can take take advantage of lean
improvement and continuous process so to produce effective outcome. For effective growth
company should apply this strategy which help to achieve goals and objectives of the company
in proper manner. As per the above mentioned strategies company need to focus on the resources
and also these effective plan will help to grow the business.

P2 Continuous improvement plan based on review and critique of operations management
principles within an organisation
In order to gain more productivity and sustainability it is important for an organisation to
frame effective continuous improvement plan (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). Operational
managers of XYZ Company formulate stimulative measures in order to develop suitable and
appropriate improvement plan in order to ensure that services provided by them are effective and
as per their consumer requirement:
Source Principles Outcomes
QUALITY Lean
Manufacturing
In order to offer their new product in
a qualitative manner, operational
manager of XYZ Company ensured
that there is a usage of innovative and
latest techniques and tools in their
process of production. This will XYZ
Company to accomplish their
objectives in profitable manner and
ensure high growth.
COST Six Sigma As to provide outcomes in cost
effective and suitable manner,
operational manager of XYZ
Company have implemented
approach of six sigma. It will benefit
them to produce qualitative products
and services in within less price while
satisfying needs of consumers in
effective way (Jacobs and Lummus,
2014).
DELIVERY Organisation As to deliver their products in
effective way it is important for XYZ
Company managers to formulate

certain measures in order to develop
strategies related to resources and
productions so to provide effective
outcomes to consumers.
SAFETY Fundamentals It is important of operational
managers of XYZ Company to
evaluate each and every related to
security in a production process. For
this, managers effectively ensure that
proper records of inventory are made
in order to overcome any kind of
issue that may arise in production
process and solve them within a
stipulative period of time.
Effectiveness of Continuous Improvement Plan:
In order to achieve organisational objectives in effective way it is important for an
organisation to evaluate actual cause of a problem and fill each and every loop holes in their
organisational process so to accomplish their goals in effective way (Harrison and Lock, 2017).
As per above mentioned improvement plan of XYZ company, it has been analysed that company
put their focus on quality and cost of their product and proper delivery of their offering.
Operational managers of company effectively adopt heterogeneous theories in order to improve
their process of productions and other operations within working structure of company.
Operational manager of company adopts lean manufacturing and six sigma approaches in order
to increase quality of their product. Furthermore, continuous improvement plan will benefit XYZ
Company to increase their overall rate of production while ensuring low level cost, in addition to
this company can save unnecessary time and utilize that same to deliver satisfactory product to
their consumers.
Kaizen Continuous improvement Strategy

This strategy mainly tend towards improving organisational structure by initiating lot of
small change as compared to large change. This idea mainly prove to be effective for front-line
employees as they are directly wedged with problems. Thus, with the help of Kaizen continuous
improvement model to identify further improvements with the help of which they can gain more
long term improvement.
TASK 3
P3 Application of PLC to given project in order to produce necessary supporting documentation
for completion of project
Product life cycle plays essential role within marketing. Product undergoes different
stages from their initiation to delivery within market. This life cycle depends on number of
customers and quality of product, each product do not reach last stage. Different steps in this
lifecycle are mentioned below:
Initiation stage: This stage deals with evaluation of project, it includes elements like
opportunities which product will have in future, their threats and requirements in context of
expectations of both customer and organisation. XYZ Company needs to analyse whether their
product is feasible or not and will it meet desired standards. For this they need to make sure that
expectations of customers are met, for this they are about to launch TV of 58 inch screen. Initial
step is find whether is product can be made or not. Management of XYZ Company need to
identify different sources which are required by bringing this product within market this includes
its development, stakeholders and targeted customers (Morris, 2013). For this they have devised
strategies, maximum 1 to 2 months will be needed to analyse market. In this stage autocratic
style of leadership is used, decisions are made on the basis of feedback from customers and
employees. Innovations, judgements and ideas are made by usage of review from different
people who are involved in launch of this project.
Planning stage: After approval of initiation stage, it is necessary for them to analyse
work statement. In this stage work has been divided into small segments on the basis of skills of
employees and requirement of task. Within XYZ Company teams are build at this stage and
work is carried out by different people simultaneously. In this stage, situational style of
leadership is used by XYZ company. Depending upon prevailing situations of organisation they
change their way of working. This stage needs around 3 months in its completion.

Execution stage: It is clear from above that, team has been formulated and they need to
execute strategies. In this plan has been executed by which organisational goals can be attained.
It is responsibility of project manager to segregate work to employees on basis of knowledge
they possess so that results can be obtained in desired time frame. Within XYZ Company
Servant leadership has been used in this stage. In this leader provides effective guidelines to
employees and power is shared between employees so that they can perform till their complete
potential.
Closure stage: This signify that project is at last stage. In this documents are provided by
each team member which can be delivered. It needs around 15 days. IN terms of XYZ company,
team needs to provide documents which are related with manufacturing and launching of
product.
Tools and leadership within the PLC which is essential for completion of the work and
more over the Team leadership that is aid to work and make rules and responsibility among the
workers and employees who are working within the project work force so the company. Team
leaders should follow the PLC planning process in effective so that group can be worked in
effective manner.
Gantt Chart: It was given by Henry L. Gantt in 1917. It is represented in form of
horizontal bar which aids in production control. Its schedule assist in coordination, planning and
tracking of different tasks involved in project. XYZ Companyhas used this chart to illustrate
their tasks with time.

Business case: It reflects initiation of specific project (Sears, 2015). In this case launch
of TV. In context to XYZ Company, different steps must be considered, they are:
Executive summary: Aim of XYZ Company is to launch new TV within market with
specification of 58 inch. This is done to accomplish requirements of their customers. To have
enhanced results, they need to collect information of different aspects.
Goal: To meet requirements of customers, they have opted to bring their new product
within market, i.e. TV. This will assist them to gain high productivity and profitability.
Solution: XYZ Company has evaluated requirements of their customers. They have
opted to use recent technology and tools by which they can meet required outcome.
Cost: Approximate cost of this project will be near by 20,000 pounds. This has been
knowledge has been gained by considering different aspects of development.
Benefits: XYZ Company is about to bring their product in market. They also need to
have some back plan so that if their project fail then they can have something else to gain profit.
Execution time: This needs around 1 year to bring this project within market, as to
implement different strategies it requires time.
Project plan: This consists of different factors. These are evaluated below:
Cost: This is primary aspect which must be taken into consideration before project is
implemented. This project will cost around 20,000 pounds.
Scope: XYZ Company is expanding their business by providing new product within
market This will enhance their profitability as well as their market shares.

Risk: XYZ Company must use effectual strategies by which they can reduce risk of
failure of project.
Resources: XYZ Company has made sure that they will provide their customers with
effective services. For this they are using latest tools and techniques.
Work break down structure: It is a key part of project which is transferral and work is
organised between team into different manageable sections (Verzuh, 2015). XYZ Company is
using WBS for distributing tasks by which they can gain desired results.
Work breakdown structure
TASK 4
P4 Review on effectiveness of PLC in application to the chosen project by applying appropriate
models,concepts and theories
There are numerous concepts and theories with the help of which effectiveness of PLC
can be defined in relation to small and large base projects. Mentioned below there are some
effectiveness of PLC:
Initiation stage of project:
Organisation can take advantage of various types of leadership styles in order to measure
their effectiveness of project (Galloway and Azhashemi, 2012). XYZ Companyis utilizing
Autocratic form of leadership style when they conduct activities relating to large project. In this
process, leaders take decisions by themselves without taking any stimulus form their team
members. In context with small project, company is not using this style as in this less numbers of
individuals are involved. Hence, project leader made overall decisions in the segment of small
project.
Planning phrase:

XYZ Company is taking advantage of situational form of leadership style in order to take
effective decisions at every stage of their decision making process. In context with, segment of
small project company have adopted this style as their process of planning is not as much strong
and can vary from situation to situation (Turner, 2016).
Execution phrase:
At this phase, XYZ Company is using servant form of leadership style in order to
improve overall organisation measures such as individuals and group members. In context with
small project it is not necessary to put high cost on development of an individual.
Closure phrase:
XYZ Company operational managers is taking advantage of Team leadership style which
can benefit them to evaluate future opportunities in order to complete their work within
stipulated period of time. This situation is same with the case of small project as these projects
works with a motive to gain effective growth in a market.
Effectiveness of PLC
PLC effectively aid organisation to conduct their operations in best effective manner.
Further it allow organisation to evaluate strategies with the help of which they can further able to
increase their organisational effectiveness. In addition with this, with the help of PLC XYZ
company can also able to measure product stage. This will benefit them to offer products and
services with best quality. Through PLC which company growth can be achieved for an effective
growth and planning the manger of the company should identify the risk and resources and set
certain parameter through which work is done in appropriate way by project life cycle. In each
stages of PLC the workers need to work in effective way so that management can achieve their
targets at proper time.
Difference between large and small scale project
Small scale project Large scale project
Large scale project are mainly accomplished
by small team and individuals.
Large scale projects include large team those
who perform their work.
In this time taken is mainly for weeks and
hours.
Time in this is taken is mainly for months and
years.

CONCLUSION
From above, it is clear that operation management has crucial role in organisation. This
assist organisation to create plans, their measurement and maintenance of functionalities. This
aids organisation to remove possibility of mistakes, thus results in enhanced productivity.
Operation management helps organisation to provide additional features by which higher level of
satisfaction of customers can be achieved. Continuous improvement plan helps organisation to
remain updated with latest technologies which are used within market. Different styles of
leadership are used to gain competitive edge within market. Different theories are used by which
results can be maximised.
REFERENCES
Books and journals:
Binder, J., 2016. Global project management: communication, collaboration and management
across borders. Routledge.
Galloway, L., Rowbotham, F. and Azhashemi, M., 2012. Operations management in context.
Routledge.
Harrison, F. and Lock, D., 2017. Advanced project management: a structured approach.
Routledge.

Jacobs, F. R., Chase, R. B. and Lummus, R. R., 2014. Operations and supply chain management
(pp. 533-535). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H. R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Morris, P. W., 2013. Reconstructing project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Nicholas, J. M. and Steyn, H., 2017. Project management for engineering, business and
technology. Routledge.
Sears, S. K., and et. al ., 2015. Construction project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy
Process in operations management. International Journal of Production Economics.
138(2). pp.215-241.
Swink, M., and et.al ., 2017. Managing operations across the supply chain. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill Education.
Swink, M., and et.al ., 2018. Managing operations across the supply chain. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill Education.
Turner, J. R., 2014. Handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-
hill.
Turner, R., 2016. Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.
Verzuh, E., 2015. The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Weglarz, J. ed., 2012. Project scheduling: recent models, algorithms and applications (Vol. 14).
Springer Science & Business Media.