BIM and Construction Project Management

This assignment delves into the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) within the realm of construction project management. It examines the influence of BIM on various aspects, including risk assessment, the utilization of specialized tools, and the overall success of projects. The analysis draws upon academic research and real-world examples to highlight the significant role BIM plays in modern construction practices.

Operations and project
management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK1..................................................................................................................................................3
P1. Review and critique regarding the implementation of principles of operation management....3
TASK2..................................................................................................................................................6
P2. Continuous Improvement plan based on the review.................................................................6
Strategies used for continuous improvement plan...........................................................................7
TASK3..................................................................................................................................................8
P3. Application of PLC....................................................................................................................8
TASK4..................................................................................................................................................9
P4. Describe effectiveness of PLC at the using application of project............................................9
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................10
REFRENCES......................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is one of the important mechanisms which helps in overall working
of business. Further, it allows organisation to convert their raw material into finished products so
that they will be able to deliver goods and services on time (Aaltonen ,2011). It ensures that
operations of business are being carried out in such a manner that utilisation of resources is
optimum without any wastage. On the other hand, project management is a way of exercising,
executing and controlling work of team during time of executing projects in such a manner that
helps in achieving all the organisational objectives. In this assignment, company which is preferred
I.e. Whirlpool Corporation that is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of home
appliances. Further, this company focuses on digitalisation and innovation in their appliances in
order to sustain in the competitive market. This assignment discusses about reviews and critiques
regarding the principle of operation management, continuous improvement plan, stages of PLC and
effectiveness of all theories as well as models in their PLC operation for good outcomes in future.
TASK 1
P1. Review and critique regarding the implementation of principles of operation management
Meaning of Operation Management
Operation management is basically planning regarding all the tactics, strategies and policies
which are used for managing all the systems of organisation. In other words, it is the way of
converting raw material into finished products in order to transfer all goods and services to end user.
It also assists individuals to understand all ethical practices and code of conduct which they need to
follow at the time of performing tasks of organisation (Bank and et. al. ,2010). Manager of
Whirlpool has to take care of all the divisions in order to maintain peace and harmony in between
them so that smooth running of business operations is possible.
Although operation management is not a simple task but there are different roles and
responsibilities which are linked with them. It is vital for every organisation that operations
manager has to communicate with different departmental heads which are fully responsible in
providing appropriate information regarding any decision making. Different principles of operation
management are needed to be applied in the organisation in order to achieve goals and objectives.
Following principles are discussed as below: Reality: - This principle says that there is no specific tool which is available in the market in
order to solve all the problems of business. In this principle, there are various tools through
which focus is given on problems on the basis of which solutions can be found. External
changes are coming in a rapid manner which lead to modification in policies and strategies. Organisation: - In organisation, there are different activities which are interrelated with each

other which help in achieving goals and objectives that lead to reduction of production cost
and time. Accountability- This principle is very important in order to delegate the duties and helpful in
providing authority properly. It is further helpful in maintaining effective communication
and code of conduct with their subordinates. Variance: - This principle says that if there is reduction in cost then in such case, company
has to concentrate on other elements like quality standards and need of improvement in case
of defects which are further helpful in decreasing all the negative results. Fundamental:- This principle says that fully believe on specific tools and technique is not
permanent solution in order to maintaining decorum but around 80% of outcomes and result
come from compliances and regulations and 20% coming from the advanced technique
adopted by company. Causality: - Future is always uncertain so, organisation cannot predict all the uncertainties
coming in their plans and objectives which always create the chances of issues and problems
on regular basis. Therefore, it is vital for the organisation to understand all risks and solve
same in an appropriate manner. Managed passion: - Task and objective of business cannot be accomplished only by the
efforts of employees and so, it is utmost duty of manager to create passion and energy
among working people which is very helpful in boosting the morale of employees. It is not
always possible that every individual is managing every task in the best possible manner so
encouraged them for better performance. Humility: - This principle states that it is not necessary that all individuals are aware about
recent changes coming in the market and so, they must show their interest in knowing
regarding all the facts and information which they can apply in their operations for effective
performance.
 Changes: - In dynamic external environment, changes are coming in a frequent manner. So,
it is important for the business to regularly scan all recent trends and demand of customers
with making modification in their goods and services as per needs of environment. For
example Whirlpool, as planning to expand their business by entering into large sized
television which leads to many alteration in their business which they require to execute
properly.
Therefore, Whirlpool needs to focus on all the above operation principles in order to implement
their plan regarding successful launch of large screen television having minimum size of 58 inches.
Therefore, it is vital for the organisation to understand all new things coming in market and adopt
such effective techniques which allow them to beat all challenges of rivalry.

Apart from principles of operation management company need to focus on six sigma principles and
lean principles which has been described separately in order to known their outcomes in business
which are stated below:-
Six Sigma
It describes a set of tools and techniques which is used for process improvement. Basically,
it is introduced by Bill Smith at he was working for Motorola. Further, this technique is useful in
order to improve and maintain the quality of output coming from product and efforts is made on
minimising all the defects and variability in whole manufacturing and business process (Becerik-
Gerber , Jazizadeh and Calis ,2011). The main focus given under this techniques on different factors
like reducing pollution, life cycle, pollution and increase customer satisfaction and profits.
Two methodologies are used under it I.e. DMAIC and DMADV. The difference between
both of them is that DMAIC is used for making improvements in the existing products and
DMADV is utilised at the time of launching new products and services in market. According to
recent plans of Whirlpool they must use DMADV techniques in order to enter into the industry of
large scale television so they easily establish their strong position permanently. Define: - In this step, planning has been made properly after understanding the real problem. Measure: - Different tools and techniques have been used in order to know the real
relevance and output of new launch which helpful in knowing how much product become
successful for company. Analyse:- Different mechanism and techniques has been used in order to accomplish all the
goals and objectives of organisation. Design:- Under this step after analysing the most appropriate method then it act as source
which helpful in satisfying customer demands. Verify:- This is the important stage where the manger of Whirlpool company has to know
regarding all the viewpoints about the products and services through target audiences. After
getting feedback from customer testing has been done in product in case if any shortcoming
arises it must be cleared.
LEAN PRINCIPLES
This principle state that all the activities are broadly classified into five categories which are
useful in fulfilling all the objectives and targets. Following are the description of it which discuss
below:- Define Value:- Under this step main criteria is to fix the price of product which the customer
is ready to pay. Further it help in determining the cost which incur on that product. Colleges,
schools and various banquet hall are the targets of company. Mapping value stream:- This is helpful in analysing the demand and wants of target

audiences and evaluate some points which they used in future as references. This method is
useful in removing all the waste activities. Create flow:- Under this step after company analysing the wasteful activities then it ensure
them to create smooth flow of resources and work on all the task very effectively. Establish pull:- after removing all the wastage resources from company then operation
manager can easily concentrate on important activities which lead to better decision making.
For example maintaining proper stock of raw material and inventory.
 Pursue Perfection:- This step always that all the decision and techniques of company is not
perfect but they always need to concentrate on all the elements in which they can make
further improvement in order to get success in business.
Therefore, it is essential for whirlpool to consider all the pros and cons that coming from above
techniques which allow them to take favourable outcomes for whole procedures that leads to
accomplishment of objectives.
(Figure: Lean principle, Source: Lean Principle and social network, 2017)
Analysis of Organisational Power and Politics
Organisations is made of different individuals who work collaboratively in order to achieve
common goals and objectives of the organisation. Individuals within the organisation exercises
greater or lesser degree of power according to their status within the organisation.
Power is defined as the ability or the capacity of the individual to act in a particular way as
well has the ability to direct or influence the behaviour. Organisation or the work place politics is
defined as the behaviour and the process of human interactions involving power and authority. It is
described as a tool to assess the operational capacity and to balance the diverse views of interested
parties. Employees within the respective organisation makes the use of power and social networking
sites in order to benefit the organisation and the individuals within it. Moreover some of the

organisational employee makes the unnecessary undue advantage of power and politics and disturbs
the work place environment. Their are five forms of power which is been developed by John French
and Raven forms the basis of this powerful leadership theory.
 Coercive Power- This power states that employees are forced to do certain work against
their will. This power within the organisation is considered positive with the punitive
behaviour and negatively associated with conditional reward behaviour. This sometimes
lead to unhealthy behaviour and dissatisfaction at work.
 Reward Power- It involves the ability of the individual to delegate different matters and
reward them according to their work. The problem associated with this power is that when
the reward value is not perceived effectively by others, the power is weakened. But for some
of the employees this power assist them them to perform the task effectively.
 Legitimate Power- This power gives the ability to link certain feelings of obligation and as
well as responsibility to the management of the respective organisation. Scope of the power
is small as the individual can exercise the power until the position is held within the
respective organisation.
 Expert Power- This power is related to in-depth information, knowledge or expertise of the
specific individual. Individual posses this power are highly intelligent and trust on their
skills and capabilities to perform the organisation roles and responsibilities in a better way.
This kind of power is important as it exercises the power of knowledge to influence people.
It has more creditability and respect.
 Referent Power- This type of power possessed by a leader within the organisation act as a
role model for the individuals working within the organisation. It is easily seen as a
charismatic leader who has the ability to make others feel important and comfortable by
their presence. It exerts long lasting influence on a large number of people to take effective
decisions.
Their are different types of Power within the organisation which the individual within the
organisation makes the use of in order to encourage employees and take effective decisions as well
as motivates employees to perform the work with great dedication and attain the desired results.
Moreover organisational politics sometimes creates unfavourable situation at the workplace
and demotivate the employees which have a impact on the performance of the individuals. Positive
Politics within the organisation helps the employees to work with great dedication and assist in
attaining the positive outcomes.

TASK2
P2. Continuous Improvement plan based on the review
Continuous Improvement:- This can be described as process which can be used in order to make
changes and improvement in their product and services after taking taking feedback from
customers. In other word it is an effective technique which is used in providing huge level of
satisfaction to customers which increase their profitability and productivity. Basically it is an
process which is continuous for better outcomes in future.
Continuous Improvement Plan
Provider
Date
Source/Origin Anticipated outcomes Present performances Strategies for
improvement
Promotional events and
elements
Lack of promotion by
Whirlpool not allow
consumers to know
about more about the
products newly launch
by company.
Less information and
knowledge not allow
customer to purchase
new products like
television. Other reason
is lack of trust and high
competition.
Company need to
formulate such
strategies and tactics
like promotional tools
in order to enhance
sales and profits.
After sale services Customer think that
company is not
providing after sale
services
Customers think that
warranty period
provided by company
in their goods and
services I.e. 8 months
not enough.
Under this case
whirlpool need to adopt
such methods and
techniques through
which they get the
feedback of customers
regarding all the
changes they made in
related to their existing
and new products.
Usefulness of continuous improvement plan and their effectiveness
In this dynamic environment changes are coming in rapid manner so in order to cope with
all the problems and issues company require to formulate such strategies, tactics and plans through

which they can make continuous improvement in their standard quality of product and services.
Apart from this different techniques and mechanism must be utilised by company which allow them
to represent their product distinct from their competitors (Bouraad, 2010). Further systematic
training programmes has been organised by them so all the workforce. Manager of Whirlpool must
take the review and feedback of visiting audiences in order to know their likes and dislikes. Further
it must focuses on different marketing tools like advertising, social media and internet sites in order
to attract more customers regarding their products and services.
Further concentrate on the terms and condition which were made in related to after sale
services so that if any deviation arises in their policies and strategies so that they easily establish
trust and long term relation with target audiences. Changes must be made in relation to their
organisation structure so that the work of all employees must be done in smooth manner. Leaders
must give direction to their employees which boost up their morale for good work.
Strategies used for continuous improvement plan
Continuous improvement plan is generally made by the manager of Whirlpool company
which include emphasis on active participation of both employees and customers. Changes made in
working culture is generally done after considering needs and wants of employees and customers.
Following strategies made by organisation are discussed below:- Maintaining good relationship:- It is vital for organisation to maintain effective relationship
between superior and their subordinates. This will assist them in improving standard quality
and effective commitment with target audience who visiting their store. For example
Whirlpool management team need to focus on harmony and peace which can be possible
through peaceful relation among employees that leads to higher productivity. Effective communication channels:- Whole management of Whirlpool need to maintain
better communication at the time of transferring information and data to whole workforce.
Further company need to maintain such practices through which they delegate duties to
individual workforce. For example Whirlpool adopt such chain of communication in which
all the information has been circulated among different division without barrier and
confusion. Satisfaction of employees needs:- Whirlpool management team must taken care of
employee needs in order to accomplish all the task in appropriate manner. Further, manager
personally communicate with their staff members to know their personal requirement and
wants they needs to fulfils on the basis high productivity and growth can be achieved. For
example whirlpool management need to provide such rewards mechanism which boost up
the morale and productivity of business. Professional advice:- In order to make proper improvement in whole working structure

company manager must take the advice from all the professional expert who specialised in
respect field in order to gain good outcomes. For example whirlpool must appoint
professional expert who provide advice and suggestion in order to take rational decision in
order to beat all the challenges of rivalry.
Organisation theories, models and concepts
Company require to adopt such models and theories which allow them to work in effective
manner. Styles like autocratic, democratic, classical and bureaucratic has been used in order to set
proper code of conduct in order to make improvement in overall plans of organisation. In large size
organisation there are different employees working in organisation which specialise in their
respective field so whatever the theory or model applied by company must be such that which
suited the working culture of whole environment (Broadhurst and et. al. ,2010). These theories
helpful in providing appropriate guidance to their employees and manager both which lead to
accomplishment of objectives. Whirlpool is big organisation comprises of large employees so they
need to adopt democratic theories in which decision-making are done after taking consultancy from
all the employee present from organisation for better outcomes and easily accomplishment of
objectives.
TASK3
P3. Application of PLC
Whirlpool is USA based company planning to launch big sized television having minimum
size of 58 inches. This will need more efforts, time and money needed in order to implement all the
plans in more effective manner so that no other problem arises. In dynamic environment changes
are coming in rapid manner so in order to cope with all the challenges of organisation company
need to incur expenditure on research development process so that products and services are
introduced by using creative and innovative techniques in order to gain competitive advantages over
competitors. Research department must collect all the information and data I.e. both primary and
secondary and retain all the things which is relevant for their business purposes. In order to expand
the business whirlpool is planning to come in large scale television market which has minimum size
of 58 inches in order to enhance their growth and productivity (Bullinger and Warschat, J. eds.,
2012). Although the execution need huge amount of money which company require to spend after
considering all the risky factor so that in future they earn higher profits.
The term PLC stand for product life cycle that tell about the overall life of particular product. This
cycle become effective measures in order to evaluate the sustainable position of goods and services
in external market. Further at the time when company launching new product in the market then in
such circumstances such mechanism has been adopted. The PLC is divided into four stages which

described below:-
Introduction stage:- This stage consider as first stage of PLC in which researcher plan to launch
their idea in the form of product in market. Further decision regarding quality of product and price
has been ascertain. Basically this project take at-least 2-5 weeks.
Growth stage:- Under this stage different strategies related to marketing techniques are adopted in
order to create awareness among customers regarding the availability of goods and services in
market. The main criteria of this stage is to create good image in the eye of customers so they
charge premium price from customers and earn huge profits.
Maturity stage:- This stage is the hold period of company where they gain good brand image and
trust of customer. Now product of company is stuck at particular position from where they neither
grow or decline. So, in order to enhance growth some creativity require in this stage.
Decline stage:- This is considered as last stage of PLC where the product of company came to last
stage from where the chances of their development is not possible. If corrective action is not taken
at appropriate time period then it hide from customer quickly.
Therefore, whirlpool must examine the PLC model in their new product i.e. long sized television
screen in order to strengthen their product portfolio (Cook and et. al. ,2011). Apart from it different
management and leadership skills has been used in order to accomplished overall objectives and
goals of company.
Therefore Whirlpool need to use PLC at the time of introducing new design and technology in
electric items that help the company to get the productive outcomes from this cycle and company
need to examine the graph of deli-cement and increment in whole PLC cycle on the basis of which
changes can be made in whole structure of projects.
Figure: Product life cycle Source:- Product life cycle,2018
Work down structure in regard to new product:-
At the time of implementing and managing any projects this structure has been used in

which all the work has been segregated into different division and work are given on the basis of
specialisation and expertise of person which lead to systematic hierarchy of work in whole
organisation.
Gantt chart:-
This chart described the start and finished date including all the factors and elements of
project. It shows the dependency relationship between different elements. Under this chart all the
activities are performed must be shown in vertical axis and time interval on horizontal axis in order
to make all task and project more effective and productive.

Project Life Cycle- It is the sequence of the phases that the project goes through its four
stages from initiation to its closure. These defined all the features from the start of the project to its
closure, within which all its objectives are met. Four phases of Project Life Cycle are as follows-
 Initiation- Under this phase, project manager within the respective organisation identifies a
business need, a problem or a opportunity to start up the purpose of the project in a effective
manner. This step also considers the objective of the project as well as identifies whether the
project is feasible or not.
 Planning- Under this step when the project is been approved, project initiation document is
made by the manager of the respective organisation. In this phase project work is break
down into smaller tasks as well as teams are build and schedule is made for the completion
of assignments. Under this step smaller goals are made so that it can be achieved effectively
and creates potential of success for the company.
 Execution- This step is concerned with effective execution of the project and this step
converts the plan into action. Here the role of the project manager is to keep the work on
track, organise the team members, manage timelines and to make sure that the work is done
according to the original plan made.
 Closure- When the team has completed the task on the project and completed all its roles
and responsibilities, it defines the closure phase. Under this phase final deliverables need to
be provided as well as to release the project resources as well as determines the success of
the project. Here the project manager analyses the project performance to analyse whether
the project goals are met or not. It analyses the team performance and documents the project
closure to make sure that all the aspects of the project are completed within the set time
frame.
These are the four stages under the project life cycle which states how he project is started
and effectively led to the closure of project.

TASK4
P4. Describe effectiveness of PLC at the using application of project
Whirlpool at the time of entering into the new market segment the main objective of
company is to established strong market place if they want to remain sustain in the competitive
environment for longer period of time. In every project different factors has been consider like cost,
reliability, time period and scope of that operations on the basis of which forecasting has been done
whether project become successful in future or not (Eadie and et. al. ,2013). Further, PLC must
evaluate such development plan which is utilised in developing effective project life cycle for new
product I.e. TV and adopt structural approach in order to give the goods and services to end user.
PLC is beneficial for whole organisation which helpful in managing different types of assignment
after analysing different facts and figures and by showing PLC graph company easily get the funds
from the government in respect of upcoming projects. Different kinds of merits can be get obtained
through PLC are described below:-
 Helpful in minimising all defects, errors and shortcoming arises in products which become
hurdle in profit earning and growth enhancement in respect of projects.
 Every effective mechanism for researcher in order to know all the corrective measures they
need to adopt for the further improvement of projects and their operations.
 PLC is way through which all workforce working in a team in which they share thoughts,
opinion in respect of any particular task which allow them to achieve their daily targets on
specified time period.
Apart from it, whirlpool company must carry out the research under which they can easily
analysing all the demand and trends of their products and services among target customers and take
the feedback of customer regarding their experiences after the new changes introduce by company.
In case if any shortcoming is there in whole PLC cycle them it can be removed by using appropriate
theories and concept through which they can recover all the losses and strengthen their position in
the market that allow them to gain competitive advantages over competitors.
Using the mechanism related to continuous improvement in which they required to adopt
such techniques through which they generate something advance which distinct their existing
product services from rivalry and fulfils the niche requirements of customers. Further focuses on
innovative methods and relevant technologies through which they easily conduct their operation
management and convert their raw material into finished products and helpful in implementing the
whole projects successfully.
Apart from this Project Life Cycle helps in the effective application of project-
As because of the four stages under the Project Life Cycle it helps in the following ways
such as-

 At the initiation stage it helps the project manager within the respective organisation to
clearly states the purpose of the project as well as define the short term and the long term
goals of the organisation and defines ways how to achieve them.
 Planning- Here the project is of launching a new flat TV OF 58 inches which the Whirlpool
company has planned. In this stage manager divides the whole task into smaller tasks so that
work can be carried out effectively as well as defines roles and responsibilities in a better
manner.
 At the execution stage, plan detailed comes to an action in which work is progressed and
team members performs their roles and responsibilities in a effective manner with the aim of
attaining goals of the organisation. Here the project of launching a Whirlpool TV OF 58
inches come is running successfully.
 At the closure stage project comes to an end while fulfilling all its responsibilities in a
effective manner.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the whole assignment that operation management is one of the
utmost factor through which organisation can satisfy all the requirement and orders on specified
time period. Under this assignment whirlpool is brand deals in Washing machines, refrigerator and
other appliances and now planning to come in television sector in which they use PLC techniques
and different innovative and creative method through which they easily success in their new product
launching and survive in competitive market for longer period.

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Online:-
Management Theories & Concepts at the Workplace. 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<http://smallbusiness.chron.com/management-theories-concepts-workplace-17693.html >.