Optimized Power Generation Research Report 2022
Added on 2022-10-13
11 Pages5262 Words9 Views
Electrical EngineeringMaterials Science and EngineeringPhysicsEnvironmental Science
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Afor optimized power generation to eliminate the hazards
caused by CO2 emissions with reduced cost
Abstract
The country of Kuwait is one of the largest suppliers of crude oil in the world. Besides being the largest leading supplier
of crude oil in the world. The fossil fuel resources become the prime source used for the generation and the production of
the electricity in the whole country. The generation of the electricity by utilizing the crude oil of the country has many
disadvantages as the country faces loss regarding the revenue of the oil, which eventually results in devastating outcomes.
The process for the generation of the electricity includes the system which ultimately creates air pollution and initiates the
greenhouse effect to the atmosphere. It also attains some advantages over the system which is considered to be as the
modern and more innovative technology as they prove to be more effective in the costing and is more sustainable in
nature. The photovoltaic (PV) systems that are transforming the solar energy to the electrical energy for gaining electricity
has been assessed in the following research study report. The ability of the PV systems that allows it to reduce the
economic input and maintain the optimized power generation and also enables to remove the environmental hazards that
are caused due to the emission of the CO2 makes it a significant system in the world. The research report suggests that
there is a high need of focusing on the specific attributes of the PV system so as to receive the power in a very less cost-
effective manner.
Keywords:Photovoltaic, Solar radiation, Solar electricity generation.
1. Introduction
The matter of the increased demand for water has gradually increased with an essential prone requirement
for the desalination of the water. This has turned out to be prominent to efficiently deal with the state of
desalination of the water in the country. The rate of desalination has raised over 22 folds, which have been
calculated in the last century, and In 2015, the global trend of desalination crops imposed a daily price of 97,5
million m3. It is essential to remember that environmental contamination is linked to the desalination exercise
as the disposal of warm concentrated salt and fossil fuels are polluting the environment. Therefore,
an inadequate degree of renewable energy can be noted in connection with the desalination method. The
change to renewable sources of energy, such as solar, should, therefore, be suggested for sustainable
development and environmental pollution. [1].
The Sun produces a maximum of 1020 MW of power, 1014 kW of which is intercepted through the earth.
This quantity of the heat the Earth intercepts suffices to satisfy the world and their energy needs. The
thermonuclear processes taking place in the Sun generate electromagnetic radiation, which can easily be
changed into heat, power and mechanical energy to meet the increasing energy requirements. Solar energy is
clean and accessible in most locations on the planet, but frequency changes might be a problem. Moreover,
Kuwait is autonomous concerning solar energy and can readily produce power from this natural resource.[2].
The cost of PV technology is considered to be much less. Where the overall value is still higher owing to
the backup requirements and the fossil costs of drive-start or power stockpiling. Whereas, on the other side,
because of the growing price, the standard techniques of power generation (such as by fossil fuels) become
difficult for coal, gas, hydro to execute. Up to this point, RE has not decreased their expenses, but PV can do
so if storage is available already. Cyclic fuel prices prevail over the cost of fossil generation. The increasing
prices have hampered much top income country’s social and economic growth. Realizing that energy
resources are already being exhausted has led to significant adjustments in techniques of energy production.
Therefore, the use of renewable energy resources in the last few years has grown enormously. Environmental
caused by CO2 emissions with reduced cost
Abstract
The country of Kuwait is one of the largest suppliers of crude oil in the world. Besides being the largest leading supplier
of crude oil in the world. The fossil fuel resources become the prime source used for the generation and the production of
the electricity in the whole country. The generation of the electricity by utilizing the crude oil of the country has many
disadvantages as the country faces loss regarding the revenue of the oil, which eventually results in devastating outcomes.
The process for the generation of the electricity includes the system which ultimately creates air pollution and initiates the
greenhouse effect to the atmosphere. It also attains some advantages over the system which is considered to be as the
modern and more innovative technology as they prove to be more effective in the costing and is more sustainable in
nature. The photovoltaic (PV) systems that are transforming the solar energy to the electrical energy for gaining electricity
has been assessed in the following research study report. The ability of the PV systems that allows it to reduce the
economic input and maintain the optimized power generation and also enables to remove the environmental hazards that
are caused due to the emission of the CO2 makes it a significant system in the world. The research report suggests that
there is a high need of focusing on the specific attributes of the PV system so as to receive the power in a very less cost-
effective manner.
Keywords:Photovoltaic, Solar radiation, Solar electricity generation.
1. Introduction
The matter of the increased demand for water has gradually increased with an essential prone requirement
for the desalination of the water. This has turned out to be prominent to efficiently deal with the state of
desalination of the water in the country. The rate of desalination has raised over 22 folds, which have been
calculated in the last century, and In 2015, the global trend of desalination crops imposed a daily price of 97,5
million m3. It is essential to remember that environmental contamination is linked to the desalination exercise
as the disposal of warm concentrated salt and fossil fuels are polluting the environment. Therefore,
an inadequate degree of renewable energy can be noted in connection with the desalination method. The
change to renewable sources of energy, such as solar, should, therefore, be suggested for sustainable
development and environmental pollution. [1].
The Sun produces a maximum of 1020 MW of power, 1014 kW of which is intercepted through the earth.
This quantity of the heat the Earth intercepts suffices to satisfy the world and their energy needs. The
thermonuclear processes taking place in the Sun generate electromagnetic radiation, which can easily be
changed into heat, power and mechanical energy to meet the increasing energy requirements. Solar energy is
clean and accessible in most locations on the planet, but frequency changes might be a problem. Moreover,
Kuwait is autonomous concerning solar energy and can readily produce power from this natural resource.[2].
The cost of PV technology is considered to be much less. Where the overall value is still higher owing to
the backup requirements and the fossil costs of drive-start or power stockpiling. Whereas, on the other side,
because of the growing price, the standard techniques of power generation (such as by fossil fuels) become
difficult for coal, gas, hydro to execute. Up to this point, RE has not decreased their expenses, but PV can do
so if storage is available already. Cyclic fuel prices prevail over the cost of fossil generation. The increasing
prices have hampered much top income country’s social and economic growth. Realizing that energy
resources are already being exhausted has led to significant adjustments in techniques of energy production.
Therefore, the use of renewable energy resources in the last few years has grown enormously. Environmental
and financial advantages from the use of renewable energy involve generating electricity that generates no
fossil-fuel emissions of greenhouse gases and cuts down several air pollution matters. Energy supplies
diversified and import reliance reduced [3].
The utilization of solar energy as a medium to convert light to electricity and then to heat has been
employed. The use of solar thermal energy can fulfil the need and be more economical in generating low-
carbon energy. Thus, the technique of using fossil fuels to produce electricity is discovered to be more
efficient. In the developing and technologically emerging world, where the solar resources are extensive, the
technology of using solar energy to meet the power requirements of a nation is more precise (Figure 1). In the
Middle East, solar energy has many more capability, but so far its potential has not been exploited.
Solar energy is competitive with diesel in these nations, but storage is not available readily. It is presently
accessible in significant and costly CSP integrated molten salt systems only. Batteries are expensive. Batteries
are expensive. Certainly, chilled water is the best choice; however, it still needs to be developed to change
water refreshment on most structures. The real task is to handle the variation in the production and potential of
the system to maintain low carbon energy production. [4].
Photovoltaic solar panels (PV) technology was known to lead to lowest expenses and highest effectiveness
in solar energy generation and storage. The crystalline silicium (C-Si) was placed on the solar panels to ensure
that electricity and solar power are produced at a low price. Compared with c-Si panels, using concentrated
solar energy to satisfy electricity generation costs is more expensive. However, the solar thermal technique is
incorporated into the electrical grid with a built-in capability, thus increasing its versatility for operation. PV is
less effective and less storage-compatible than CSP, but it is cheaper due to the growth motion of
manufacturing.
Solar warm water, on the other side, can produce enormous quantities of warm water worldwide[3]. This
article seeks to evaluate the economic efficiency of solar power in integrated electricity generation. The
document will also cover the potential benefits of PV technologies over the application of standard power
generation technologies.
1.1. Environmental based Impacts of Energy
2
Figure 1Global demand for renewable energy sources (Yinghao 2011).
Energy sources
Solar Wind Geothermal Biomass Hydropower Tidalpower
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1600
600 500 250 50 1
Series1
fossil-fuel emissions of greenhouse gases and cuts down several air pollution matters. Energy supplies
diversified and import reliance reduced [3].
The utilization of solar energy as a medium to convert light to electricity and then to heat has been
employed. The use of solar thermal energy can fulfil the need and be more economical in generating low-
carbon energy. Thus, the technique of using fossil fuels to produce electricity is discovered to be more
efficient. In the developing and technologically emerging world, where the solar resources are extensive, the
technology of using solar energy to meet the power requirements of a nation is more precise (Figure 1). In the
Middle East, solar energy has many more capability, but so far its potential has not been exploited.
Solar energy is competitive with diesel in these nations, but storage is not available readily. It is presently
accessible in significant and costly CSP integrated molten salt systems only. Batteries are expensive. Batteries
are expensive. Certainly, chilled water is the best choice; however, it still needs to be developed to change
water refreshment on most structures. The real task is to handle the variation in the production and potential of
the system to maintain low carbon energy production. [4].
Photovoltaic solar panels (PV) technology was known to lead to lowest expenses and highest effectiveness
in solar energy generation and storage. The crystalline silicium (C-Si) was placed on the solar panels to ensure
that electricity and solar power are produced at a low price. Compared with c-Si panels, using concentrated
solar energy to satisfy electricity generation costs is more expensive. However, the solar thermal technique is
incorporated into the electrical grid with a built-in capability, thus increasing its versatility for operation. PV is
less effective and less storage-compatible than CSP, but it is cheaper due to the growth motion of
manufacturing.
Solar warm water, on the other side, can produce enormous quantities of warm water worldwide[3]. This
article seeks to evaluate the economic efficiency of solar power in integrated electricity generation. The
document will also cover the potential benefits of PV technologies over the application of standard power
generation technologies.
1.1. Environmental based Impacts of Energy
2
Figure 1Global demand for renewable energy sources (Yinghao 2011).
Energy sources
Solar Wind Geothermal Biomass Hydropower Tidalpower
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1600
600 500 250 50 1
Series1
The financial impact of all the countries concerns the techniques of generating energy. However, in the
field of solar power growth, the petroleum crisis and its increasing cost are not the only issues. The danger of
environmental degradation is also evident, as the population of humans worldwide has increased. Long-term
preventive measures are therefore necessary to decrease solar power emissions, which is essential for viable
growth and financial growth. Acid precipitations, a type of pollution-induced by combustion of carbon fossil
fuels (Figure 2). Acid rain (also known as acid evaporation or surface deposition) This contamination also
depletes the stratosphere ozone layer and can boost the quantity of UV radiation to an excessive extent. [2].
Figure 2Carbon dioxide (total of 4.2 million tons) different location in Kuwait.
Carbon dioxide has been used as a refrigerant and cooling agent[10], as fire extinguisher[11] in a multitude
of applications, including oil regeneration[ 5.6]in biological transformation into fuel[7], in agriculture[8], in
the food and soft drink industry[9]. However, the quantity of CO2 generated when fossil fuels are being
consumed dramatically exceeds that required for the industry. It was only possible to capture tiny parts of this
emitted gas for use in the industry[12]. Trapping methods have been used to bind with CO2 and remove
chemical products, such as calcium oxide (CaO) or polyethylene (PEI). [13].
In some petrochemical plants and pilot-electric plants, CCS is proved and used. Large-scale
implementation of energy regeneration costs, a failure to meet COP21 goals and concerns about the leakage
of storage facilities are postponed. Several of the world's fresh or scheduled fossil plants are reported to have
been CCS ready[14], including 1 in Dubai. The emissions of carbon dioxide have increased and are over 350-
410 PPM in the atmosphere. This has resulted in climate change, ocean acidity (which influences the
ecological condition of the ocean)[15 ] and damaging health effects[16 ]. Hazardous steps must, therefore, be
taken to prevent such adverse effects and to stop carbon dioxide aggregation in the atmosphere.
To date, most theoretical rather than practical methods in documentation seem to be suggested.[17].
Capture and storage of CO2 procedures would never decrease excessively high CO2 concentration in air
(CO2 reduction measures as end-use effectiveness 42%, all renewable 21%, and CCS 17%). It is therefore
very important to substitute the fuel reliance with other energy sources that are less expensive and less
contaminating, whenever possible.
Its carbon intensity allows for an assessment of the effect of solar energy on climate pollution. Aside from
CO2, CO2 equivalent gasses are also emitted during fossil fuel production and agriculture (such as methane
and nitrous oxides). The environmentally secure solar energy as a renewable source is not CO2-generated.
The use of a PV panel which utilizes silicone instead generates solar energy. Thus, a competitive problem and
mixing of technology and growth rates are suggested for renewable energy. Renewable power sources are
3
Mi
lli
on
To
ns
/
Ye
ar
shuwaikh Shuaiba Doha East Doha Wast Az Zour Sabiya
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
GT
field of solar power growth, the petroleum crisis and its increasing cost are not the only issues. The danger of
environmental degradation is also evident, as the population of humans worldwide has increased. Long-term
preventive measures are therefore necessary to decrease solar power emissions, which is essential for viable
growth and financial growth. Acid precipitations, a type of pollution-induced by combustion of carbon fossil
fuels (Figure 2). Acid rain (also known as acid evaporation or surface deposition) This contamination also
depletes the stratosphere ozone layer and can boost the quantity of UV radiation to an excessive extent. [2].
Figure 2Carbon dioxide (total of 4.2 million tons) different location in Kuwait.
Carbon dioxide has been used as a refrigerant and cooling agent[10], as fire extinguisher[11] in a multitude
of applications, including oil regeneration[ 5.6]in biological transformation into fuel[7], in agriculture[8], in
the food and soft drink industry[9]. However, the quantity of CO2 generated when fossil fuels are being
consumed dramatically exceeds that required for the industry. It was only possible to capture tiny parts of this
emitted gas for use in the industry[12]. Trapping methods have been used to bind with CO2 and remove
chemical products, such as calcium oxide (CaO) or polyethylene (PEI). [13].
In some petrochemical plants and pilot-electric plants, CCS is proved and used. Large-scale
implementation of energy regeneration costs, a failure to meet COP21 goals and concerns about the leakage
of storage facilities are postponed. Several of the world's fresh or scheduled fossil plants are reported to have
been CCS ready[14], including 1 in Dubai. The emissions of carbon dioxide have increased and are over 350-
410 PPM in the atmosphere. This has resulted in climate change, ocean acidity (which influences the
ecological condition of the ocean)[15 ] and damaging health effects[16 ]. Hazardous steps must, therefore, be
taken to prevent such adverse effects and to stop carbon dioxide aggregation in the atmosphere.
To date, most theoretical rather than practical methods in documentation seem to be suggested.[17].
Capture and storage of CO2 procedures would never decrease excessively high CO2 concentration in air
(CO2 reduction measures as end-use effectiveness 42%, all renewable 21%, and CCS 17%). It is therefore
very important to substitute the fuel reliance with other energy sources that are less expensive and less
contaminating, whenever possible.
Its carbon intensity allows for an assessment of the effect of solar energy on climate pollution. Aside from
CO2, CO2 equivalent gasses are also emitted during fossil fuel production and agriculture (such as methane
and nitrous oxides). The environmentally secure solar energy as a renewable source is not CO2-generated.
The use of a PV panel which utilizes silicone instead generates solar energy. Thus, a competitive problem and
mixing of technology and growth rates are suggested for renewable energy. Renewable power sources are
3
Mi
lli
on
To
ns
/
Ye
ar
shuwaikh Shuaiba Doha East Doha Wast Az Zour Sabiya
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
GT
expected, in the next 20 years, to achieve their full potential, and to be able to substitute fossil fuels up to 20%
by 2030. Renewable sources may also reduce global CO2 emission levels by 1/3 by 2050. [2].
.
1.2. Solar Energy Sources and Technologies
New energy-source techniques are rapidly evolving. Solar cells become more productive, portable and even
more versatile, making them easier to install. The PV system has been used primarily to power small-and-
medium-sized apps, ranging from the computer powered by a solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a
photovoltaic array.
Kuwait offers solar-powerful quantities of sunlight time varying from seven hours a day in winter to over
11 hours a day in mid-summer. Six categories of renewable energy and twelve technology choices are
accessible to generate electricity from solar power rapidly. These renewable sources involve photovoltaic
systems, photovoltaic, distributed technologies connected to PV grids and solar desalination systems, wind
power and solar cooling. [18]. Some renewable energy technologies can be used, including solar thermal. The
use of a parabola trunk, energy turrets, a Stirling Parabola Platter and Fresnel panels are included in the scope.
PV power plants, which include land-based PV-scale utility, are also a method of electricity generation.
Commercial roof-top structures and residential roof-top systems are used as distributed equipment connected
to the PV grid. Solar cooling involves the use of parabolic compound collectors and an uptake chiller system.
Class 4 wind speeds are the basis for wind energy technology. Solar-assisted water treatment is made up of
composite parabolic collectors. These materials are equipped with a desalination scheme, solar heat power
and an RO system [18].
The Kuwait Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) revealed that up to 2030 the country's energy
requirements would triple, while the energy production techniques earlier employ, that is through fossil fuels
and wastewater, which will not satisfy the elevated energy demand. Kuwait has, therefore implemented
several pilot projects to increase its ability to develop renewable energy from a cost-effective source of
energy. To assess the efficiency of wind turbines, smaller on-and off-grid turbines, a 100-kW Photovoltaic
test platform has been created with characteristics of panels and inverters. In addition, the Shagaya Renewable
Energy Park was developed with anticipated 70-megawatt energy production. A hydraulic system was
designed to produce and store hydrogen using 10-kilowatt PV panels and 6-kilowatt wind turbines. This
4
Figure 3Comparison of wind installed capacity of the top 10 countries of the world [2].
K
G
C
O2
/
M
W
hr
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
by 2030. Renewable sources may also reduce global CO2 emission levels by 1/3 by 2050. [2].
.
1.2. Solar Energy Sources and Technologies
New energy-source techniques are rapidly evolving. Solar cells become more productive, portable and even
more versatile, making them easier to install. The PV system has been used primarily to power small-and-
medium-sized apps, ranging from the computer powered by a solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a
photovoltaic array.
Kuwait offers solar-powerful quantities of sunlight time varying from seven hours a day in winter to over
11 hours a day in mid-summer. Six categories of renewable energy and twelve technology choices are
accessible to generate electricity from solar power rapidly. These renewable sources involve photovoltaic
systems, photovoltaic, distributed technologies connected to PV grids and solar desalination systems, wind
power and solar cooling. [18]. Some renewable energy technologies can be used, including solar thermal. The
use of a parabola trunk, energy turrets, a Stirling Parabola Platter and Fresnel panels are included in the scope.
PV power plants, which include land-based PV-scale utility, are also a method of electricity generation.
Commercial roof-top structures and residential roof-top systems are used as distributed equipment connected
to the PV grid. Solar cooling involves the use of parabolic compound collectors and an uptake chiller system.
Class 4 wind speeds are the basis for wind energy technology. Solar-assisted water treatment is made up of
composite parabolic collectors. These materials are equipped with a desalination scheme, solar heat power
and an RO system [18].
The Kuwait Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) revealed that up to 2030 the country's energy
requirements would triple, while the energy production techniques earlier employ, that is through fossil fuels
and wastewater, which will not satisfy the elevated energy demand. Kuwait has, therefore implemented
several pilot projects to increase its ability to develop renewable energy from a cost-effective source of
energy. To assess the efficiency of wind turbines, smaller on-and off-grid turbines, a 100-kW Photovoltaic
test platform has been created with characteristics of panels and inverters. In addition, the Shagaya Renewable
Energy Park was developed with anticipated 70-megawatt energy production. A hydraulic system was
designed to produce and store hydrogen using 10-kilowatt PV panels and 6-kilowatt wind turbines. This
4
Figure 3Comparison of wind installed capacity of the top 10 countries of the world [2].
K
G
C
O2
/
M
W
hr
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
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