(PDF) Overview of Oral Cancer
Added on 2021-06-17
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Running head: oral cancer 1Oral CancerStudent’s nameInstitutional affiliation
Oral cancer 2The occurrence of oral cancer is one of the highest in the class of cancers in the world, especially among men in developing countries. Oral cancer is also another major world health problem causes by the use of tobacco. It is one of the most life threatening diseases caused by smoking. According to Regezi, Sciubba, & Jordan, (2016) 80 percent of oral cancer patients were tobacco smokers. World health organization reports have also concluded that tobacco smoking claims more lives that several other health hazards such as HIV/AIDS, homicides, car accidents, alcohol and other illegal drugs (Abro, & Pervez, 2017). This paper focuses on oral cancer caused as a result of smoking. According to Morse, et al (2007) apart from causing oral cancer, smoking has been known to cause very many other cancers, dryness of the mouth, low birth weight and infant mortality, respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis, discoloration of teeth and a precancerous condition oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) among other diseases. Overall, tobacco smoking has been said to cause about 4 million deaths and smoking populations reaching up to a billion people in the whole world. Worse still, the condition is expected to worsen in the near future. The effects of tobacco smoking has however affected even nonsmokers which has been concluded due to the presence of cotinine in their blood. However, the risk of oral cancer is not as high in non-smokers as compared to that of smokers.According to Ram, et al (2011) oral cancer has been a known cause of death all over the world. This cancer largely affects the oral cavity, lip vermilion and the oropharynx. The prevalence rates are more in men as men have smoke more than women. In respect to age, oral cancer has been known to affect youths and young adults below the age of 40 years. However, the condition may fail to be diagnosed up to late adulthood. This has made oral cancer to be classified as a lifestyle disease. Cancer of the lip vermilion has however been attributed to
Oral cancer 3exposure to sun but largely to cigar smoking. Similarly, oral cancer has also been attributed to other causes such as human papilloma virus (HPV), dietary deficiencies, syphilis and other oral dental diseases. The risk of oral cancer increases with increased smoking and decreases with cessation ofsmoking. In other words, people who smoke more cigarettes in a day are more likely to develop cancer as people who smoke less cigarettes and those who have also quitted smoking. Research has also proven that the risk of pre cancer is equally high as compared to that of oral cancer. As amatter of fact, tobacco has been largely associated with oral epithelial dysplasia than it has been associated with oral cancer as the OED does not have as many causes as oral cancer. Some of therisk factors of the disease include high alcohol consumption, chewing of khat and tobacco, anemia deficiency, immunosuppressive medications, chronic actinic exposure, dysphagia and esophageal webs. Studies have also concluded that low vitamin consumption can also been classified as a risk factor of various types of cancers. The risks of infection and the prevalence rates can be reduced from early detection of the disease. Unlike other cancerous conditions, oral cancer has not seen great improvements despite improvement in technology, measures of sensitizing people on the effects of cigar smoking, counseling and control of the risk factors. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment can be used help control the disease. This is so because the disease is perceived to be a preventable condition.Petersen, (2009) argues that early diagnosis is possible with the identification of suspicious lesions in the mouth and lips areas. The lesions may develop as white or red patches. These patches are known as leukoplakia and erythroplakia. In some cases, these lesions may fail to manifest in earlier stages and it is therefore necessary to ensure regular checkup for other visible
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