Organizational Culture and Employee Behavior

This assignment delves into the crucial relationship between organizational culture and employee behavior. It examines various cultural dimensions, including leadership styles, communication patterns, and values, and analyzes how they shape employee motivation, engagement, and overall performance. The assignment incorporates renowned theories like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Tuckman's team development model, and Handy's culture types to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Organisation and Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Analyse how an organisation's culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance....................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context......................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team......................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4. Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviours within an organisational
context and a given business situation....................................................................................9
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the study of way in which individuals interact with other
people and group within company. It is a scientific approach which can be applied at workplace
for the effective management of employees. HR (human resource) manager of the organisation
uses this concept at workplace to maximize the results gained from staff members. There are
many leadership styles and approaches used by every company to motivate the workers towards
desired goals and objectives of firm (Wickramasinghe and Perera, 2014). This project report is
based on A M (Holdings) Limited company in the United Kingdom which was incorporated in
the year 1998. The organisation supplies and produces polyester packaging products and
confectionery foils for applications. Here, various types of leadership styles and their impact on
work and organisation will be evaluated. Apart from this, many possible aspects of the teamwork
at workplace and impact of new technology over perfect team will be highlighted as well.
TASK 1
P1. Analyse how an organisation's culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
Organisation's culture affect the norms, values, assumptions, beliefs and behaviour within
organisation. Organisation behaviour is a wide term in which many people interact within group
or teams (Mendes and Stander, 2011). Every company mainly focuses on attaining higher
profitability as well as productivity in the market. Organisational cultural plays the most
significant role in growth and development of A M (Holdings) Limited which is containers and
packaging company. Mainly, it operates their functions and activities as a holding company. The
organisation run through its manufacturing, packaging and supplying services in business market
place. The culture of firm influences employee's behaviour as well as their performance. It is the
responsibility of manager to provide effective, positive and healthy working environment to their
employees so that they can perform well at workplace.
Influence of culture on the behaviour of A M (Holdings) Limited company
Culture plays a crucial role in the growth and success of company in competitive business
environment. It is an important role of HR manager to provide a suitable working environment to
their staff members so that they can perform their work in a systematic manner. The

organisational culture can be categorised into four types as per Handy’s typology which are as
follows:
Source: In Creating A High-Value Anthrophillic Organisation, Start With Culture! Power: It helps to control and manage all tasks, activities and various functions at
workplace. It is the duty of higher authority to distribute power to right person according
to their ability so that workers can adjust properly within organisation. A M (Holdings)
Limited company can insure that power is given to that individuals who has strong
determination capability as well as skills to develop effectual decisions. In case power are
provided to people, them their obtain authority and make decisions of its own without
consulting to any one else. This aids to influence people and team as power can lead
towards attainment of goals. Team and people performance get improved while manager
have power to influence them. Role: Culture plays a great role in assigning various duties and responsibilities to each
and every member in the firm. It helps in deciding role to the right employees so that they
can perform effectively at workplace (Flodgren and et. al., 2011). Role culture impact the
Illustration 1: Handy's different culture.

individuals and team behaviours as well as the performance of the A M (Holdings)
Limited company as by this they can easily know about its role in firm and perform as
per that. Task: Every staff member of A M (Holdings) Limited company perform task at
workplace to achieve better results. Organisation is divided in many departments, so, it is
the responsibility of higher authority to assign functions as per their skills, knowledge
and abilities. The team and individuals behaviour effected through this particular culture
as all people should understand its responsibilities and duties in order to perform
effectively.
 Person: Organisational culture can be divided on the basis of persons as there are many
people who come together in firm to achieve common goals and objectives. All the
employees belong from different castes and culture but they behave according to the
norms and values of A M (Holdings) Limited company at workplace. Moreover, this
culture is executed while activities such as inequality occurs in firm then staff concentrate
towards its own task, do not concern regarding team members this minimises team and
individuals performance of the organisation.
An effective organisational culture is based on the bond of relationship among higher
authority and employees. A M (Holdings) Limited is a medium-sized organisation in the united
kingdom which is mainly a packaging firm. The A M limited company should focus on
expanding their business level through improvement in their environment and culture at
workplace. The selected firm mainly focus on their power culture for effective management to
achieve high growth as well as development in business environment.
Influence of power and politics on the behaviour of A M (Holdings) Limited company
The culture, power and politics play an important role in all types of business
organisations. HR manager should be more concerned to build an effective relationship with
their staff members to create suitable decision which is profitable for the growth and success of
firm. On the performance of individual as well as team, politics has a positive and negative
impact. Power can be defined as an ability and capability to perform any function as per their
knowledge and skills. So, it is important for higher authority of firm to control and manage
properly all elements, that is, power, politics and culture for effective management. The
organisational culture, power and politics of A M (Holdings) Limited company has involved

many aspects like skills, leadership, working environment or different attitudes of employees
(Sandman and et. al., 2012). Through effective leadership style, company can achieve their
desired goals and objectives within certain period of time.
The A M (Holdings) Limited company is focused on increasing their performance of
employees at work place through improving their knowledge, skills, ability and capabilities in
order to perform any kind of work or duty. There are many factors which can affect the
performance of firm in achieving their desired goals and objectives. Whenever firm makes any
changes at work place, it directly influence or affect the performance of both employees as well
as company. In organisation, people come together from different religions and castes to achieve
some common set of goals but at work place all employees behave same according to the rules,
regulations and norms of company. To achieve higher profitability and productivity, HR
manager of company tries to motivate employees towards work so that they can execute task and
activities in well planned manner.
ORGANISATIONAL POWER:
Power can be defined as an ability and capability to perform any function as per their
knowledge and skills. So, it is important for higher authority of firm to control and manage
properly all elements, for effective management. With help of some power that are mentioned
below:
 Reward power: This is considered as an ability to facilitate people something as a
reward and ask them to do task in exchange of it. A M (Holdings) Limited company can
utilise this particular power to inspire staff for developing their performance through
providing few types of rewards like bonus, incentives and so on. It will effect the team
and individuals behaviour as by this they are satisfied and feel encouraged to perform
effectually.
 Expert power: It is the power of knowledge. This generally comes from expert skills and
knowledge. This means that expert determinant the another person behaviours. Thus, A
M (Holdings) Limited company managers has to appropriate knowledge so that it can
direct its associates effectually. In case team and people has more knowledge, then its

behaviours can effect as effective knowledge individuals and team can facilitate good
cognition about task so that it can perform work with interests.
Organisational politics:
It is the unofficial, informal efforts to sell ideas, increase power and attain other targeted
goals. Many times staff are concerned with politics which influence individuals and team
performance. Politics impacts the environment of the A M (Holdings) Limited company which
results in reducing efficiency of firm and workers. Moreover, effects the behaviours of team and
individuals that are mentioned below:
Reduce productivity:
Politics slow down the team and individuals productivity. This plays not to pay more
attention towards work. By this staff fail to accomplish target at particular time duration.
Maintain decorum:
By politics, decorum of the company can be maintained. This effect the people and team
behaviour, in case effective decorum is arranged them team and people perform with their
interest towards the attainment of objectives.
TASK 2
P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context
Motivation can be defines as a tool or process which is used by the HR manager of every
company to enhance employee's abilities as well as capabilities so that they can execute their
tasks in a better way. It is important for the manager to know the requirements of employees to
motivate them. Motivation plays a significant role in the success and growth of company through
which employee's capabilities can be enhanced so that they can give their best to achieve goals
and objectives of company. There are various motivation theories and techniques used by A M
(Holdings) Limited company to motivate employees.
Maslow's Hierarchy theory: This theory include five level of motivation which are basic needs,
security and safety need, social need, Self esteem and self-actualisation need. This is most
essential theory of motivation in which employees perform in proper manner when their basic
wants and needs are fulfilled in systematic form (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. 2017). All these

elements help in giving best to perform all operational activities and tasks in most effective and
efficient manner so that target can be achieved in best way.
 Physiological needs: The basic need of human being are food, cloths, water, shelter and
many more. All this are basic requirements of person for survival of life. A M (Holdings)
Limited company ensures that staff requirements are to be accomplished efficaciously for
it they can provide fair salaries to their employees. In case this requirements of staff are
fulfilled then workers are satisfy which aids them to work effectually for attaining the
organisational objectives. Security needs: After achieving basic need person want to job security and safety. So,
manager should provide job security to their employees so that they can perform well
within the organisation. In order to fulfil this needs A M (Holdings) Limited company
ensures that staff are facilitated appropriate security through giving them funds for health
and safety in complex situation. Currently, staff wants that they have to perform in
environment that provides them financial protection. For it A M (Holdings) Limited
company facilitates employees policy for retaining staff. Social needs: After achieving second stage need people look for love, belongingness,
acceptance and affections which play very important role in driving the motivation in
human behaviour. Respective firm has to ensure that whole staff are to be treated equal.
Illustration 2: Maslow's Hierarchy need theory, 2017

For it their administration have engage their employees in work for improving
relationship with other staff. This will aids them to attain social needs of the employees.
Objectives such as satisfying clients by facilitating quality product society. And many
more. Self esteem needs: In this stage employee start to desire for respect and appreciation for
their work which they are performing within as well as outside the firm. There should be
separate department in A M (Holdings) Limited which ensures that no discrimination,
bullying and harassment face by employees. Moreover, few strategies are developed and
maintained positive surroundings into firm. This strategy will develop the performance of
whole staff those who are working their, so not matter at which position they are. As
performance of workers are improved then organisational objectives can be attained
effectively.
 Self-Actualisation needs: This is last stage of this theory in which employees gain
everything whatever they wanted in their life and look to work for others. For fulfilling
this needs A M (Holdings) Limited company has to provide training programmes to its
staff so that they can enhance their skills. This will aids employees to work efficaciously.
In case workers self-actualisation requirements are accomplished then several skills are to
be utilise into task for attaining the objectives of the firm.
Herberg's Motivational theory: This theory include many factors that can create
satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction at work place such as salary, supervision, policies, values,
recognition, responsibilities and growth. This theory used by manager to identify factors which
can affect the employee's performance (Agarwal and et. al., 2012). There are two factors in this
theory i.e. hygiene or motivational factors.

Source: Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Hygiene factor: These are elements which are used by manager to satisfy employee's
needs and wants. Also, observed that all these factors are present within the organisation
or not. Example: Salary, job security, benefits and many more. A M (Holdings) Limited
company have to facilitate several hygiene factors that salary, benefits etc in order to
satisfy their requirements so that organisational objectives can be attained.
 Motivational factors: Motivation is a technique or tool through which manger can
enhance employee's abilities and capabilities to perform any task in better way. By using
this particular factors A M (Holdings) Limited company manager can maximise the
potential, capabilities of the staff. If the potential get enhanced then this wil help
respective firm to attain their objectives.
The other theories which can be used by manager is the process theory through which
ability of employee's can be increased so that they can execute their work more effectively. This
theory include Expectancy, equity and reinforcement theory.
Vroom's expectancy theory: This theory is useful to motivate employees in order to execute
their work in proper manner. The employees performance is based on their own knowledge,
skills and ability. According to this theory the level of motivation of employees is depend on
their desirability of rewards. The perception of staff members will be compared with others or
Illustration 3: Elements of Herzberg Theory.

directed to attain desired goals and objectives (Nafz and et. al., 2011). Respective firm can view
that worker objectives can be influence to give anticipated outcome in order to accomplish
objectives of organization.
Reinforcement theory: According to this theory manger should give reward to employees on the
basis of their performance in the organisation. The staff member who perform best in their work
should get reward accordingly their performance. If firm provides rewards to their employees
they feel motivated, they perform with full potential and achieve the organisational objectives.
The satisfaction level in the A M (Holdings) Limited company brings motivation in
employees which help to achieve desired goals and objectives through enhancing their ability
and power of working. There are many benefits of motivations within the organisation that are as
follows: Job Duties: With the help of motivation employees will put more efforts on their job in
attaining targeted goals as well as personal satisfaction. So, HR manager of A M
(Holdings) Limited company should focus to satisfying staff members need because
when they are satisfied they can give best to handle difficult task and activities
(Mohammad, Quoquab Habib and Alias, 2011).
 Volunteering: If employees are not satisfied from their job then there will be lack of
participation in all operational activities. The manager of A M (Holdings) Limited
company should ensure that all promising operations should be completed in time to
analyse the motivation level of employees.
TASK 3
P3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
In every company most important task is team building through which HR manger can
manage and control all organisational work and activities efficiently. In respect of creating an
effective and positive working environment A M limited is mainly focused on adopting many
theories of management. Teams are formed in organisation to achieve high success and growth
in competitive business market place. Some of them are describes as under:
Functional team: This kind of team are formed with some specific function which are comprises
of experts from many different departments to complete any task with effectiveness (Wong,
Wong and Ngo, 2012). They organise various meetings and make discussion on the specific

issues and then after taking approval from the higher authority final conclusion is used in
decision making process. They update the members of board that what areas of company need
improvement on the regular basis.
Virtual team: The members of this team not have any kind of physical presence in business
environment. They all are present across the globe. To keep in touch with each other they use
digital technology to achieve their desired goals and objectives. They have appoint some expert
who gave report from all parts of the world so that they can deliver their products and services
effectively to the world (Punjaisri and Wilson, 2011.).
Problem solving team: Mainly, this kind of team is formed in organisation to resolve any
difficult task or problem which arises at work place. There are higher authority managers are
involved in this team for better result and output in certain period of time. Their main motive is
to find best solution to problem so that company can achieve high growth and success in
competitive business market place.
Project team: In this all members are come together to work on specific project work to attain
best result in fixed time period. They help to maintain proper balance between all operations to
achieve desired goal in well planned form.
For A M limited company functional team is best which help to control and manage all
operational task and activities to achieve best result in competitive business market. It help to
focus on all departments of organisation for effective management. With the help of this team all
staff member try to give their best efforts to attain desired goals and objectives (Nutbeam, Harris
and Wise, 2010). There is various expert involves from different functional departments in such
kind of team to complete task and activities effectively in certain time period.
Methods of making effective team in A M limited company
There are many ways which can be selected in the making of effective team building to
achieve more profitability and productivity at market place (Tuckman, 2012). Tuckman model
has been used by firm to make effective team which can provide best result. This model was
published for mainly team development in business environment. There are five stages involves
in this model which are as follows:

Illustration 4: Tuckman model of team development, 2017 Forming: This is first stage where team is formed and member try to understand each
other who are member of the team. In this stage people observes things which are
happening around them. In this there is no distribution of responsibilities and role to the
team members. In this stage member does not share any kind of relationship. Storming: In this stage relation take place between members as, they all are continuous
spending some time with each other. In this various conflicts and problem arises between
members as people start to communicate with each other. Norming: In this stage some responsibilities and authorities allotted to all team members
to get better result and output. All member start discussion with each other to form an
agreement. Performing: In this stage some task and project allotted to team member so, they have
clear sense of purpose what they have to do. In this there is no such need of the
leadership within the group to achieve best result and output (Riordan and et. al., 2011).
 Adjourning: This is the last phase of the team development where all member celebrate
their achievement and best result. In this stage people achieved their desired goals and
objectives in specific time period.

TASK 4
P4. Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviours within an organisational
context and a given business situation
After team building now it is period to ensure that team perform in proper way to achieve
targeted goals and objectives. Organisational behaviour is responsible for controlling and
predicting human behaviour at work place. HR manager of A M limited company can enhance
employee's performance and ability to perform any kind of task by giving them motivation
related to higher level of profitability and productivity. Organisational behaviour help firm to use
optimum use of resources and raw material in order to attain vision and mission of the business
(Ashby, 2013).
Path goal theory: This theory is used by organisation to make more productive, satisfaction,
encouragement of employees to achieve goals and objectives in well planned manner With the
help of this theory employee's work match up with the standard performance to evaluate the
difference between actual and standard. In organisation team leader should be ensure that there is
no communication gap between management and employees. To avoid this problem they can
develop common platform where all employees can share their needs and demand with manger
(Salvemini and et. al., 2013).
In A M Limited company manager use Path goal theory for effective management and
outcomes in certain time period. This concept is depend on leadership styles or organisational
behaviour. For the growth and development it is responsibility of HR manger to select effective
leadership style which is suitable for the A M Limited company.
Barriers that impact the performance of the team
Poor communication: In every organisation communication plays an important role good
communication may create teamwork,whereas poor communication may create barriers between
the management and the productive team. When the staff members do not convey their message
to the management or staff members they will be unaware from the proper message. Managers
must use double channel method to remove the barriers (Alfes and et. al., 2013.).
Unclear Goals :Every team makes goal which they have achieve. These goals may be
according to the need of the team but sometimes due lack proper guidelines of the management a
clear view of the goal is not understood by the workers,staff members ,when they are not clear
what to do this is the condition when they distorted.

Absence of management: Managers makes a team of qualified staff and all the
responsibilities are given to them when for execution,management is not involved in the
work ,ability of making a good arrangement and to make the working conditioning properly,
managers have to be the part of execution. Leader are the resources for the team who always give
strength
Ego: In work place every team member has their own work to do when the other member
interfere in the work of others, ego of worker may be disturbed and group dynamics may be
disturbed. For this every member has to do their own assigned work to develop the team that is
effective in work.
Conflicts: It is the human nature that conflicts may arise between the staff
members ,sound staff members will arise question that will make a situation of disagree of the
opinion. Conflicts also arise due to personality differences (Farndale, Hope-Hailey and Kelliher,
2011).
Feedback: It is the part of work done without proper feed back proper guided setup is
not there .people need to do continuous feedback to increase their approach and communication.
without this people will make a guesses for the work they are assigned for it.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded organisational culture is most important
aspect of business which can influence the individual behaviour, power and norms within the
company. Organisational behaviour help in creating positive and healthy working environment at
work place so that employees can work effectively to achieve desired goals and objectives. It is
responsibility of HR manager in A M limited company to manage and control all operational
activities in systematic manner. With the help of effective organisational behaviour strong
relationship bond can be develop between employees and management. The HR manager of firm
should timely ensure that all their staff members are satisfied or not. In this report, various aspect
of organisation theories is determine to enhance employees abilities and capabilities so that they
can perform well in their task and activities to achieve goals and objectives in certain time
period. Apart from this, different types of team for effective management to attain high growth
as well as development in competitive business market place.

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