Organisation and Management

This article discusses the importance of maintaining the appropriate corporate culture in organizations and its impact on behavior and change. It also explores the main arguments, assumptions, limitations, conclusions, and ideas presented in the article. Additionally, it provides an example of a real business and its CSR approach, along with two peer-reviewed journal articles on CSR.

RUNNING HEAD: Organisation and Management
Organisation and Management

Organisation and Management
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
1. In your own words, identify and discuss the main argument (also known as a thesis or line of
reasoning) presented in this article..................................................................................................2
2. In your own words, identify and discuss the assumptions and limitations of the research in the
article, that readers need to be aware of..........................................................................................3
3. In your own words, identify and discuss the main conclusions of this article............................3
4. In your own words, identify and discuss the main ideas in this article relevant to the themes
and/or concepts................................................................................................................................4
5. In your own words, discuss an example of a real business, either a place you have worked at or
a workplace you are aware of. What CSR approach and strategy does this business follow?
Justify your response and include some recommendations.............................................................4
6. Find two peer reviewed journal articles on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and reasons
to believe it......................................................................................................................................5
7. Provide two sentences and appropriate citations. In the first sentence, provide one indirect
(paraphrased) quote from one of the peer reviewed journal articles shown in Q6 (directly above).
In the second sentence, provide one direct quote from the other peer reviewed journal article
shown in 6 (directly above).............................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
Organisational culture is a universal agreement that focuses on shaping existent
operations and behaviour, and can also influence leaders to implement change within the
organisations. Herein the study, the article, What Is Organizational Culture? And Why Should
We Care? has been chosen to demystify the significance of maintaining the appropriate
corporate culture and its reasons. The article is reviewed clearly considering aspects associated
with the concept of organisational culture.
1. In your own words, identify and discuss the main argument (also known as a thesis or
line of reasoning) presented in this article
In the article by Watkins (2013), it has been observed that a vigorous debate has been put
forth regarding organisational culture, where it has been explained about the crucial role of the
corporate culture in shaping and influencing the behaviour of the employees and also influence
the leaders to implement change. However, it has also been stated about the major problem
which is the lack of interconnected elements within the company like the organisational
structure and the incentive system. In the failure of developing appropriate and suitable
approaches to analyse, preserve and transform the culture of the organisation, the company
might face certain adverse situations. With the development of the mentioned factors, it would be
easier to re-shape organisational culture. This also involves identification of the prevalent
problems and accordingly develops a risk management plan to overcome it (Watkins, 2013). The
study aims to understand how corporate culture affects the day-to-day operations of a company,
and also decipher whether culture is a product of compensation or is the sum of values and
rituals that makes the employees adhere towards the operations of the organisation. Additionally,
it has also been stated whether culture is also important for maintaining civilization within the
organisation and bestow anything to society. It also simplifies situations, where it is required to
focus only on one culture and avoid sub-cultures.

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2. In your own words, identify and discuss the assumptions and limitations of the research
in the article, that readers need to be aware of
It has been assumed that corporate culture is consistent and has observable patterns of
behaviour that focus on shaping the behaviour of the employees who are associated with the
company. Additionally, it also highlights that factors like structure, incentives and processes
through which behavioural patterns of the employees are understood. In the words of Alec
Haverstick, culture is also supposed to be a part of compensation (powerfully shaped by
incentive structures of a company), this signifies the overall incentive structure of the company
including recognition, advancements, sanctions or monetary rewards to all the members of the
company. Culture is also defined as a sense-making aspect in an organisation which is a process
through which the employees are able to share their experience and create awareness. Different
aspects are gained from the perspectives of different individuals (Watkins, 2013).
On the other hand, culture can be said as a carrier of meaning that not only focuses on
giving views but also acquiring others’ views and perspectives. This is the foundation of every
company on which the essence of the company is embedded. Culture limits wrong thinking and
behaving, rather it focused on defining culture as behavioural norms as a social control system.
In the words of Rolf Winkler, cultures are not monolithic; certain aspects are involved in
influencing the cultural functions of a business like finance or marketing (Watkins, 2013).
Appropriate culture also hinders the implementation of out-dated strategies; instead it supports
the execution of extremely fast and advanced methods of development
3. In your own words, identify and discuss the main conclusions of this article
It has been concluded from the reviewing of the chosen article that culture is a significant
aspect that plays a great role in stimulating companies to do things for further enhancement of
the companies. It has also been explained that the incentive and appraisal systems are responsible
for driving the culture of a company. Along with this, it has also been determined that culture is a
combination of values and rituals through which the employees are able to express their
viewpoints and perspective freely. Being a social control system, culture is civilization at the
workplace (Watkins, 2013). Along with this, the companies are able to focus on their existing

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norms and develop themselves accordingly. In order to comply with the advanced strategies,
well-established culture can become impediments for coping up with the substantial changes in
the work apprehension.
4. In your own words, identify and discuss the main ideas in this article relevant to the
themes and/or concepts
From the article by Watkins (2013), it has been stated about the significance of
organisational culture in re-shaping the behavioural pattern of the employees associated with the
company it has also been stated culture works as an immune system for the companies in order
to handle situational pressures. Additionally, well-developed culture also limits wrongdoings and
also prevents the wrong people from entering the organisation and then functions as an immune
system to protect the organisation from such people. Finally, it can be stated that culture is
dynamic and it caters to shift constantly and incrementally with the internal and external changes
but also opens up to the opportunities for managing the continuous process of the company.
5. In your own words, discuss an example of a real business, either a place you have
worked at or a workplace you are aware of. What CSR approach and strategy does this
business follow? Justify your response and include some recommendations
Corporate social responsibility is all about substantiating lesser threat to the environment
by adopting certain approaches like reducing carbon footprint, improvising labour policies,
embracing trade, engaging into charities and increasing voluntary efforts. I word in XYZ
organisation where we have decided to organise a strategic campaign that in order to make
others aware of the fact that it is necessary to protect the environment by supporting the slogan
go green. Here in this campaign, it was explained to people to reduce the usage of plastic bags
and it was also suggested to the industries to operate itself in the outskirts of the city. The
campaign also focused on explaining the industrial workers to not discharge toxic substances or
solid waste into the sea nearby. However, along with this, it can also be recommended that
implementation of legislations like Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act
1999 for local governments and employees to make it offensive if a person is likely to take
action against the environment or try to hamper any of the things of natural significance

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(Westermann, Niblock & Kortt, 2017). Along with this, regulations for no pollution, careful
use of natural resources, forest protection or mineral harvesting also falls under the mentioned
sphere.
6. Find two peer-reviewed journal articles on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and
reasons to believe it
From the first article by Al‐Hadi et al., (2019), it has been stated about the association
between CSR and financial distress along with studying the impacts of firm life cycle stages.
As per the data acquired from the Australian survey, it was observed that positive CSR activities
are responsible for lessening the financial distress of the company resulting in robust alternative
proxy measures. On the other hand, it has also been observed that failure in the execution of
appropriate CSR activities, financial distress might not be reduced at the maturity level of the life
cycle. However, it is necessary for every firm to ensure the execution of positive CSR activities
within the company. In the words of Williams, Sheridan & McLean (2019), CSR activities are
useful for analysing the pattern of behaviour of the stakeholders and are referred to the set of
voluntary activities for better understanding of the facts and figures. It has been observed that
CSR requires the sacrifice of huge firm resources that have an opportunity cost. The chosen
articles are reliable and effective because it has portrayed every possible aspect in association
with CSR activities and has also helped to analyse its impact over the firms.
7. Provide two sentences and appropriate citations. In the first sentence, provide one
indirect (paraphrased) quote from one of the peer-reviewed journal articles shown in Q6
(directly above). In the second sentence, provide one direct quote from the other peer-
reviewed journal article shown in 6 (directly above)
From the perspective of the first article by Al‐Hadi et al., (2019), it has been observed
that CSR takes into account, the social and environmental impacts over the operations of an
organisation, involving the benefits acquired from economic development. From the next peer-
reviewed journal by Williams, Sheridan & McLean (2019), it has been stated that “CSR requires
the sacrifice of the significant amount[s] of firm resources…[which] have opportunity costs”.

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Conclusion
From the above study, it has been analysed that culture is found consistent with
observable patterns of behaviour that emphasise on the beliefs and thoughts of the people within
the company. It is necessary to ensure that there is proper maintenance of corporate culture to
uphold the dignity of the firm. The study has also highlighted the CSR approaches through which
responsibilities towards the environment can also be maintained.

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References
Al‐Hadi, A., Chatterjee, B., Yaftian, A., Taylor, G., & Monzur Hasan, M. (2019). Corporate
social responsibility performance, financial distress and firm life cycle: evidence from
Australia. Accounting & Finance, 59(2), 961-989.
Watkins, M. (2013). What is organizational culture? And why should we care. Harvard Business
Review, 15.
Westermann, S., Niblock, S. J., & Kortt, M. A. (2017). Does it pay to be responsible? An
empirical investigation of corporate social responsibility and REITs in Australia. An
Empirical Investigation of Corporate Social Responsibility and REITs in Australia
(December 11, 2017).
Williams, J., Sheridan, L., & McLean, P. (2019). Developing corporate social responsibility
projects: an explorative empirical model of project development, processes, and actor
involvement in Australia. In Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts, Methodologies,
Tools, and Applications (pp. 80-109). IGI Global.