Organisation Behaviour: Culture, Politics, Power, Motivation, and Team Performance

This article discusses the impact of culture, politics, and power on individual and team behaviour performance in an organizational context. It also evaluates the effectiveness of motivational theories and techniques in achieving organizational goals. Additionally, it explains the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams.

Organisation
behaviour

Table of Contents
PART-1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
P1 Examine how an organisation; s culture, politics and power influences on individual and
team behaviour performance..................................................................................................1
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context......................................4
PART -2 ..........................................................................................................................................6
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.......................6
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organizational
context and given business situation......................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

PART-1
INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is academic study of people interaction within the group and
organization. In every organization employee belongs from different culture and backgrounds
due to the globalisation. It is most important for organization to understand people from different
culture and their behavioural pattern. Management team of organization is responsible for
making an environment in which diversified people can easily understand each other which can
positively affect the business potential growth and increases the value among the marketplace.
Organization behaviour is the most important factor which can bring maximum productivity at
the workplace and encouraged employee to achieve the success (Nguyen and et. al., 2022).
Organization should have to applied the effective leadership style and motivate their employee so
that they can stay more focused on their targeted goals. The chosen organization for this project
is Marks and Spencers which is British brand and have great value across the globe. This project
includes the influences of culture, politics and power on individual team behaviour, various
theories of motivation and concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour.
MAIN BODY
P1 Examine how an organisation; s culture, politics and power influences on individual and team
behaviour performance
Charles Handy model is one of the most effective model which can helps in analysing the
organization cultural behavioural. This model has four type of culture which is currently adopted
in the business organization. Marks and Spencers is a retail industry in which producing
operation in textile, home wares and food. This organization has its branch across the 57
countries and their stores approximately 1463 over worldwide.
There are four types of culture of Charles Handy model which includes:-
 Power culture:- In every organisation there is high authority people who take effective
decision and have strong power to run business in appropriate manner. Management team
and manager have some special power to coordinate the employee in an effective manner
(GAO and et. al., 2018). By imposing the instructions and rules every employee should
follow the policies as per the organization instructions. Employee does not do according
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to their comfort and they are not allow to take their own decisions. In context of the
Marks and Spencer which is not follow this procedure they generated the healthy
environment and make the effective decision which does not harm the employee.
Management team of the Marks and Spencer make interaction with their employee and
analyse their review on the decision. Positive and flexible environment can helps in
enhancing the productivity of the organization as well as it can increases the ability of
individual employee.
 Task culture:- This culture helps in organising a work culture by which every employee
focused on completing their task according to their roles and responsibilities. Such
environment support employees to take more opportunities which can enhancing the
productivity of the businesses. Marks and Spencer executive the task culture which can
helps employee and working staff to enhanced their skills and knowledge to complete
their task by working in coordination manner (Ahmad and et. al., 2019). The task culture
is more beneficial for the organization and employee to complete their task in appropriate
manner and implement some relevant ideas and thoughts which can achieve goal.
 Role culture:- This culture provide roles and responsibilities to the employees according
to their skills, knowledge and qualification. In this culture, employee are independent to
choose their role and work according to their experience and capability which can
increases the productivity of their own. In role culture, employee have own power and
responsibilities which they are follow and achieve the targeted goals. Marks and Spencer
focuses on making flexible working environment and improves the performance of the
working staff.
 Person culture:- This culture analysing the behaviour of individual employee about their
action, goals and objective towards the organization. Due to the negative behaviour of
employee organization faces many challenges and this can also decreases the
organization productivity. Some employee have many concern with the organization
policies and they behave with negative effect (Maryshev, 2019). In every organization,
there is healthy and positive working environment according to the employee flexibility
so that they can focus on their goals. Marks and Spencer focuses on its employee and
their priorities so that they can work in an effective manner. Marks and Spencer does not
involve in the person culture but they highly focused on the their employee.
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Influences of power and politics on individual , team member and behaviour:-
Organisation politics:- with the help of organisation politics, employee use as tool to
misuse their power and it is considered as a negative process. Employee misuse the power which
can give negative impact on the organization culture and reduce the productivity of the
organization. Due to various reason employee get involved in organisational politics which
includes lack of clarity, lack of trust, struggle for power and authority and not adjusting within
the organization. There are different types of organisational politics which affect the Marks and
Spencer which includes:-
 The weeds:- This type of organisational politics generated within the organization
without external influences and maintenance. Organization have various group which ca
influences on the business environment in positive or negative manner.
 The rocks:- this type of politics have power on authorities which is more responsible for
the organisation to run in smooth manner. These type of people are termed as the rocks.
 The high ground:- in this type of political power there is formal authorities which
includes various policies, rules and structure. In this type of politics people get involved
in take better decision and framing organisational structure (Curnow, 2021).
 The woods:- This type of organisational politics includes various rules regulation which
are not circulated among the employee. They have unspoken rules and norms within the
organization.
Power:- Power is the ability and efficiency of individual which can affect other by their
thoughts, behaviour and actions within the organization. Some positive action and power may
helps employee to work in and appropriate manner with the help of motivation. Marks and
Spencer differentiate the roles and responsibilities of individual people which can helps in
enhancing the productivity of individual employee and improves the work performance.
There are three types of power within the organization which incudes:-
 Legitimate power:- It is the formal power which is given to the individual person within
the organisation. This power comes according to the job position and title at the
workplace (Rogozinska-Pawelczyk, 2022). Legitimate power is given to the person
according to their job title and position.
 Reward power:- It is the power which is given to the leader so that they reward the
employee. This power comes according to the individual position within the organization.
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 Expert power:- This type of power comes according to the skills and knowledge of
individual person within their expert field. Expert power provides ability to the working
employee to enhance the growth of organization in smooth manner. This power is given
to the higher authority people which can enhanced the business productivity and
profitability.
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context
Motivation describes the needs , desire, wants within the individual. It is the simplest
process of stimulating people to achieve the targeted goals. It is most effective and essential tool
for achieving the success and helps in boosting the morale of employee to work in effective
manner. With the help of motivational factor it may changes according to the needs and
requirements of individual person. In every organization there are various motivation theories
which can enhnce the productivity of the business environment (Cozzolino and Moroni, 2021).
Marks and Spencers adopted various motivational theories which can increases the employee
efficiency and they achieve their targeted goals. This theory are more beneficial for the
organization as well as employee to get motivate and focusd on achieving the goals and
objective. There are various theories of motivation which are acquired by the Marks and
Spencers which are mentioned below:-
 Theory of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:- It is the theory of motivation which describes
the individual behaviour and human needs. According to the Maslow's theory, there are
sets of human needs which can helps in achieving the priorities as per the requirement of
the individual person. This theory helps in bringing the satisfaction within the individual
person about their roles and responsibilities. There are five different factors which can
helps in enhancing the productivity at workplace to achieve the desired goals. The five set
of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs -
Physiological needs Shelter, clothing, food and other biological
needs
Safety needs It includes threat and danger
Social needs It includes the interaction, bonding and
attachments with others.
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Self Actualisation needs It includes skills, challenges and various
development
Esteem needs Desire to give respected, value an effort among
the society.
 Herzberg's Two Factors Theory of motivation:- This theory provides the satisfaction
to the employee and also helps in improving the job satisfaction by providing the
motivation. This theory provides the self- actualisation and satisfy the needs of the
employee. There are two main factors of the Herzberg's theory which includes various
elements such as:-
 Hygiene Factors :- This factor are used to motivate employee to maintain the hygiene at
workplace. Hygiene is the most essential factor at workplace which is maintained by the
employee so that it can helps in make the environment attractive and positive. This factor
satisfied the employee and they can enhance the concentration and focus towards the
work (Tsai, 2018). There are various factor which is included in the physiological needs
that are required by the individual employee such as:-
 Job security:- Every organization provide the job security to the employee for their
satisfaction and mindset to stay connected within the organization. Marks and Spencer
provide job security and satisfaction to their employee's. It is most important factor for
employee because every employee require job security for ensure about their security of
money.
 Organisation policies:- organization implement some polices to maintain the flexibility
and relaxation to the employee's. Marks and Spencer developed the flexibility working
hour for their employee's (Zhukov and et. al., 2022). Working condition:- This factor includes the physical environment of the organization
such as cleanliness and safety in the organization is also mandatory. Marks and Spencer
have well equipment for the safety and and cleaning purpose.
 Motivational factors:- Herzberg theory have the Hygiene factor which can help in
motivating the employee to maintain the hygiene at workplace. These factors helps in
making better performance of the organization as well as the employee because it
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generated the positive environment. Motivational factor have some factors which
includes:-
 Promotion and growth:- This factor helps in motivating the employees to promote the
employee and they get more opportunities to improve their performance and increases
their productivity.
 Significant work:- This factor creates the positive environment within the organization
because it assigned the different task to the employee and they get engaged focused on
achieve the targeted goals and objective. Employee get encouraged to contribute with
their efforts to promote the organization at grand value.
 Roles and responsibility at workplace:- organisation provide the roles and responsibility
to every employee so that they can be stay focused on completing their tasak on given
timeline and it make employee more responsible towards the organization work.
Marks and Spencers focused on different motivational theory which can helps at workplace to
achieve more success and targeted goals. Maslow's hierarchy theory helps Marks and Spencers
organization to motivate and create positive environment within their organization which can
helps in encouraging employee's (Ahmed, Tan and Khan, 2022). Motivation is most effective
tool within organization because appreciation and rewards system encourages employee to get
more focus on achieving the success.
PART -2
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
In every organization it is necessary to implement the work culture practice and
innovation helps in achieving the success and targeted goals. Organization have main aim to
focus on imposing the polices and rules within the business culture so that employee make
positive environment. Effective and motivated team promote the organization at success level
and improve the overall performance of the business environment. In every organization there is
both type of team member effective and ineffective. Organization is responsible to focus in
ineffective members can increases the skills and knowledge to get converted into the effective
team members (Abor and et. al., 2019).
There is difference between the effective and ineffective team which are mentioned below:-
Effective team Ineffective team
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 Effective team have more skills and
knowledge which are able to make right
decision within the organization. They
focus on driving the business at success
by generating the ideas and thoughts.
 Effective team are able to identify the
task and challenges within the
organisation and give best performance
by better understanding their roles and
responsibilities.
 Effective team member can build an
positive environment and promote the
organization at grand value by driving
organization at right direction.
 Every member of the organization able
to complete the give task on specific
timeline and they get more
opportunities to enhance their
productivity.
 Ineffective team members are lack of
skills and knowledge because they are
unable to take right decision and fail to
complete the task.
 Ineffective team faces many challenges
while completing the task and they does
not generate their own thoughts and
value to evaluate the organization
performance.
 These team members aree willing to
pay attention on their roles and
responsibilities.
 Such employee have more confusion
and issues within the organization
policies because they are unable to
adjust according to the organization
policies.
Tuckman's model helps in analysing the team behaviour, development and challenges within the
organization. This model is published by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, and they have five stage
which includes:-
 Forming:- In this stage organization creates new team at their initial stage in which team
members works according to the leader guidance. In this stage employee do not aware
about their roles and responsibilities. Leaders helps in demonstrating the aim, goals and
objective of the organization (Barrainkua and Espinosa-Pike, 2018). Marks and Spencers
helps in generating the new team members and lead by experienced person which can
manage the performance of the employee. Team leader shared the ideas and views with
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individual team member and this process is more effective or an organization and adopted
by every business.
 Storming:- This is the second stage of the Tuckman's model in which effective leader
lead the team members and clear their role and responsibility to every employee. This
stage helps employee to work in an appropriate manner and complete their task in given
specific time. Marks and Spencers analysis the work performance and make interaction
with employee so that they can present their own ideas, thoughts and values and achieve
the targeted goals.
 Norming:- In this stage, employee are perfect in completing the task and complete their
role and responsibility. In this stage employee participate in decision making and
involved in each and every activity of the organization. Employee work in unity and
make positive environment which helps in enhancing and promoting the organization at
grand value. Marks and Spencers have flexible and positive environment for the
employee so that they can enjoy and get comfortable in their working hour in
organization. For enhancing the productivity of an organization Marks and Spencers
conducted many activities for employee refreshment (Daniels, 2019).
 Performing:- In this stage, employee get more aware about their roles and
responsibilities and aim to achieve the targeted goals according to the timeline. Employee
analysis the issues and problems by their own and develop strong bonding and
relationship with the other team members. Marks and Spencers employee are motivated
and dedicated towards the aim and objective and creates a positive environment.
 Adjourning:- It is the final stage of the model which describes that team members are
more focused on achieving the targeted goals and success. With the help of this model
employee get together to achieve the goals. Marks and Spencers generated the effective
environment in which all employee get together and helps in promoting the product value
at grand level (Panžić an et. al., 2022). Team leader appreciate and reward the employee
on their performance. This stage of model encouraged employee's to get motivated and
more focused on achieve the goals and objective which can increases the productivity of
an organization.
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P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organizational context
and given business situation
Organisation behaviour is the tool of analysing the behaviour of individual team members and
groups and identify the performance of each team members while they are working together. It
can helps in determining the emotions, behaviour, feelings and emotions towards the other team
members and the organization. There area various fundamental concepts of organisational
behaviour within the organization which includes:-
 Difference between individual:- In every organization, there are different individual due
to their cultural differences, learning capacity and physical attributes. It is most important
in organization to respect every employee in responsive manner and provide equal
opportunities to all employee's. Every employee of organization get aware and take
opportunities to enhance their productivity.
 Employees Conceptual:- It is necessary in organization to identify the individual
employees opinion towards their roles and responsibilities and how much they clear
about the task. It produce the good and positive environment in the organization to know
about the ones desire and individual interest (Mutlutürk, Tekcan and Boduroglu, 2022).
 Employee motivation:- This factor focuses on motivating their employee in positive way
so that they can easily complete their task. Organization identify the individual need and
requirement and satisfied them by motivating the employee. This factor helps in
enhancing the capability and performance of individual team member.
 Concept of whole person:- This factor identify the personal requirement of the
employee and provide the proper facilities to the team member. For enhancing the
employee satisfaction organisation should focus on providing them other facilities so that
they can provide better health and job security (Riccardo and Giulia, 2021).
 Employee pride:- It is necessary to maintain the healthy relationship with the team
members and organization because it can maintain the respect and dignity among the
team members. This can helps in generating the positive and effective environment by
which employee get motivated and encouraged in achieving the goals and objective.
 Mutual interest:- This factor focuses on making mutual understanding between the
organization and employees. Employee are the core elements which organization needs to
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promote their business. It is important to satisfy the employee by fulfilment of needs and
requirements.
There are some concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour which is adopted by the
Marks and Spencers which includes:-
The main aim of concept and philosophies are essential for an organization because it can
helps in creating a healthy and positive within the organization. Marks and Spencers adopted
this philosophy to make and effective environment which can helps in enhancing the productivity
of an organization. The management team of the Marks and Spencers focus on motivating the
employee in a positive manner so that they can easily achieve their targeted goals. They can
identify the employee performance and appreciate them by provide them success rewards and
satisfied employee by fulfilment of their needs and requirements (Berghaus, 2020). Organization
developed some policies for the employee towards their health and personal requirement. Marks
and Spencers provides favourable environment by which team members and focus on promoting
the business and increases their overall profitability (Esfandiar and et. al., 2020). Employee
satisfaction is most important because employee can involve in all activities and they work for
organization. These philosophies and theories are more beneficial for the employee as well as
organization to run their business in right direction or in appropriate manner.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it is concluded that organisational behavioural is most
essential tool which can helps in analysing the emotion, feelings and behaviour of individual
team members towards the organization. Company adopted various theories and philosophies to
motivate and encourage employee to focus on their targeted goals and achieve the success. It is
mots important to motivate the employee which can increases the self capability, efficiency and
confidence of individual team members. Organisation uses various motivational theories which
can helps in motivating employee and enhance the productive and efficiency of team employee.
In every organization there are both effective and ineffective team members so, team leader is
responsible to focus on ineffective team members by motivating them in a positive manner
which can enhance their self capability and efficiency. Marks and Spencers provide the flexible
environment to the employee and appreciate them for their performance by making reward
system and providing them other facilities. Healthy and positive environment motivate the
employee to focus on their targeted goals and objectives.
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