Organisational Behaviour: Analysing Teamwork and Motivation Theories

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on the influence of culture, power, and politics on employee behaviour and performance within an organisation. It evaluates motivational theories and techniques, such as Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and Goal Setting Theory, to understand their impact on achieving organisational goals. The report differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, highlighting the importance of teamwork and cooperation, and examines group development theories in the context of Sainsbury Plc. It also includes a critical reflection on the value and relevance of effective teamwork in influencing workplace behaviours. Desklib offers a range of similar solved assignments and past papers for students.

ORGANISATION
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
PART – 1.........................................................................................................................................3
Influence of culture, power and politics of an organisation on the behaviour and performance.3
Motivational theories and techniques for achieving goals and objectives...................................5
Part 2:...............................................................................................................................................7
Analysing the benefits of working in the team:...........................................................................7
Explanation of the benefits of working in team as team leader and the member of the team and
dealing with the different situations at the work place:...............................................................8
Critically analysing two group development theories for the effectiveness of teamwork in
achieving organizational goals:....................................................................................................9
Examining how the effective teams relate to the models of the organizational behaviour in the
context of “Sainsbury Plc.”:.......................................................................................................10
Critical reflection related to the value and the relevance of the effective team working
influencing the behaviours in the work place:...........................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Behaviour of individuals in any organisational setup and environment and its study is
referred to as Organisational Behaviour. It also includes study of the interface shared among the
organisation and individuals and even organisation itself. Its study and research can be divided in
three categories namely individual working at micro – level, work group working at meso – level
and the behaviour of organisation comprising of macro – level. Thus, the below entailing report
will be assessing and analyzing the individual's and the group of these individuals' behaviour and
performance. Thereafter, evaluation of the motivational theories and techniques will be done to
know its impact on the organisational ability for achievement of the goals and objectives. Then,
an effective and ineffective team will be differentiated to know the importance of cooperation in
a team for the organisation.
MAIN BODY
PART – 1
Influence of culture, power and politics of an organisation on the behaviour and performance
The performance and behaviour of an organisation depends wholly upon the amount of
influence that the culture, politics and power has in the organisation. For a well – established and
renowned supermarket company operating in the UK, formulation and development of strategies
and policies becomes necessary to know the importance of the individual's contribution and their
behaviour in the organisation. Through such study, the individual performances can be known
which will be requiring further management and handling with an aim to avoid any variations in
the actual results from the standard.
Influence of Culture:
To analyze and study the cultural influence on the organisation, model prescribed by
Charles Handy can be applied in which 4 types of cultures are explained which affects the levels
of operations being carried on in the organisation:
Power Culture – In this organisational culture, the actions of the individuals are directed
through the utilization of power and authority. But, it shall be noted that such an organisational
culture is improper and informal because only a few selected individuals are allowed to make
decisions (Nuckcheddy, 2018). Other than these selected individuals, other's opinion does not

matter and the decisions taken are just imposed on them leading to demotivation and reduction in
the creativity and performance.
Role Culture – In this organisational culture, specified roles and responsibilities are alloted to
the different individuals based on their nowledge, experience and expertise. Also, power is
allocated based on the position they have in the organisation. This way, Sainsbury's operations
can be made more effective.
Task Culture – In this organisational culture, multiple teams are made and power is assigned to
each individual in such teams for the accomplishment of the goals and objectives of the
organisation. Such a culture will assist Sainsbury's in maximizing the participation rate of the
employees via shaing of common goals and objectives.
Person Culture – In this organisational culture, an individual has the mindset that he is superior
of others and given importance to interests of his own thus, the interests of the organisation are
bound to be compromised at some point of time (Montminy, Russell and Holley, 2021). The
performance of Sainsbury's will naturally be affected adversely as the individuals will prioritize
the personal financial motives.
Organisational culture of Sainsbury's gives preference to the people who work and shop
here and has the vision to be the most trusted seller. This will include tasks of how the talent will
be harnessed, assurance of the colleagues' diversity and creativity, etc.
Influence of Power:
To analyze and study the influence of power on the organisation, French and Raven's
Model can be applied in which 3 types of powers are explained which are as follows:
Legitimate Power – In this organisational setup, the power rests with the personnel in the top
management and thus it is called as Legitimate Power (Tavri, 2021). Such personnel inlcude,
managers, CEO, directors, etc. The level of innovation and creativity gets hampered in this kind
of power setup in the organisation as individual's opinion does not matter.
Reward Power – In this organisational setup, individuals may be provided with the power based
through rewarding them and giving them incentives. An individual's efficiency can be effectively
improved and increased and they can be effectively motivated to keep them focussed on
achievement of goals and objectives of Sainsbury's.
Coercive Power – Such a setup involves forcing and pressurizing the individuals to perform
their tasks i.e., using coercive power (Tsay And et.al., 2020). Such power may get the work done

in a timely manner but increases the level of dissatisfaction among the employees adversely
affecting their performance in the long run.
Therefore, it is certain that Sainsbury's applies and utilises Reward Power by regularly and
systematically rewarding the employees and giving them incentives. This motivates the
employees to work more efficiently and effectively to achieve greater performances.
Influence of Politics:
Chanlat's characteristics may be applied and understood for analysing of the impact of
politics on the organisational behaviour. Political behaviour in any organisation is divided in 3
categories according to Chanlat's characteristics i.e., personal, structural and decisional. The
quality of employees is being effectively monitored while selecting them in this respect.
Motivational theories and techniques for achieving goals and objectives
The most effective way to achieve goals and objectives of any organisation is to keep the
employees motivated. Such motivation will keep them directed towards the common goal of the
organisation. Therefore, various motivational theories and techniques are applied by Sainsbury's
which are described below:
 Content Theory of Motivation:
Focus of this theory is to keep the employees contented by fulfilling their needs and
wants to ensure enhanced motivation and satisfaction.
Herzberg Two Factor Theory of Motivtion – In this type of content motivational theory there
are 2 factors which needs to be focussed on and balanced i.e.,:
 Motivation Factor – Such factor includes motivational aspects which are less of tangible
affairs i.e., alloting them challenging work, recognition their good work, healthy
relationship and proper opportunities and potential to grow. Naturally, all these aspects
will motivate the individuals to work harder and more efficiently.
 Hygiene Factor – It includes those factors which are not the part of the actual job and are
therefore, source of extrinsic motivator like job status, timely crediting of the salary in the
account, job security, etc. This will ensure effectively accomplishment of the goals and
objectives of the organisations like Sainsbury's.
 Process Theory of Motivation:
It involves procedural improvement and development of the employees to efficiently
achieve goals and objectives.

Goal Setting Theory of Motivation – Such a type of proces motivational theory involves
development of internal motivation fo enhancement of the performances of the employees and
efficiency levels through achieving challenging goals. Under this theory 5 dimensions are
explained which are as follows:
 Clarity – Clariy of goals and objectives of an organisation is the ultimate aim as it will
assist in resolution of any issues, conflicts or disputes and improve the performance and
efficiency level of the employees. Achieving profitability of a specified percentage in the
specified period of time is an example of a clear objective. This will allow the employees
to work efficiently towards the attainment of the objectives which are clear through pre –
determined specific set of actions.
 Challenge – Challenging tasks and objectives will require the employees to be extra
efficient and give extra efforts which in turn will result in enhanced growth and
development of both the organisation as well as the individuals working in such
organisation (Walters and Tacon, 2018). Attainment of such challenging objectives will
also rewult in earning of enhanced rewards and incentives which will keep the employees
motivated. Thus, the management of Sainsbury's need to set challenging goals and
objectives.
 Commitment – Achieving the organisational objectives and enhancement of the
performances of the employees requires commitment and dedication on their part towards
such objectives and goals. Such sense of commitment and dedication comes through
structured participation in the operations of the entity along with their dedicated
involvement (Badi and et.al., 2021). Also, being the most prioritized aim of any
organisation, the sense of commitment and dedication towards the objectives and goals
will be mandatorily required to be inculcated in the employees and other individuals of
the entity.
 Feedback – Feedbacks are an important part of the success of any organisation. Such
feedbacks obtained from the employees on a regular basis will allow the organisation to
make necessary changes and improvements in its operations and processes to boost the
satisfaction level along with the sense of belongingness and loyalty.
 Task Complexity – Being a large and renowned supermarket company, operations of
Sainsbury's are elaborated and complicated. Thus, there is a need of appropriate guidance

and direction to steer the actions of the employees towards the achievement of objectives
and goals (Adebola, 2019). When such complicated tasks are completed by the
employees a sense of confidence and self – sufficiency is developed which makes them
more efficient, committed and focussed. Therefore, achievement of complicated
objectives leads to enhanced performance of the employees which in turn enhances the
performance of the organisation itself.
Part 2:
Analysing the benefits of working in the team:
Working in the team have numerous benefits and is taken under the count as one of the most
important practise area in the work place. This practise of working in the team focus on
increasing the productivity in the firm and enhance the work culture in the organization. So, that
It can become beneficial in achieving the overall organizational objectives and goals. Working in
the team make the different talents to be placed in the procedure of the task performance that
helps in monitoring the success of the organization (Barnowska, and Kozaryn, 2018). Working
behaviour as the team in the work place helps in building the trust and shared beliefs among the
colleagues and their higher authorities. The process of team work in the organization helps in
building the different abilities of risk taking and boosting the confidence to build up as the
effective team in the organization and have the innovative idea in the organization to build up the
proper work force in the organization. Performing the tasks in the organization by making team,
shows the effectiveness in the organization and to make the workers contribute towards by
sharing in the knowledge and different types of the creativity with in the organization.
Team working can be facilitated by the even a single individual having different roles
that too, providing the effective co-operation and team working levels. This helps in increasing
the efficiency of the team and this also works as the motivating factor for the colleagues to give
the probable outcome with the increased levels of the efficiency in the workplace. A team can
give out the best work performance once it is working at the proper efficiency and with the
effective work force. The team management should be done in the way, that the team must have
the people with same goals and likely working as to achieve the goals as a whole in the relevancy
by working to achieve the organizational goals and objectives too (Jacob, and Steger, 2021). The
team must be facilitating the work force by having some of the existing knowledge regards the
jobs and the tasks assigned to them as it will be helping in gaining the productivity in the

organization and have the proper work force. For example, with in the organization one operates
with proper work power and he simultaneously, motivate the colleagues then the team would be
having the benefits to facilitate the proper management to achieve the goals and the objectives of
the organization.
Explanation of the benefits of working in team as team leader and the member of the team and
dealing with the different situations at the work place:
There are certain numbers of the benefits of working in the team as the leader and by becoming
the member of the team. The various benefits that helps in dealing with different situations in the
work place are as under:
 Increase employment engagement: engagement with in the employees help in having
the better productivity and to have the different benefits like a healthy work culture,
better accountability, no micromanaging, working with confidence, working with the
words of praise, and having the performance up to the bottom line (Samul, 2019).
 Development of the trusted relationships: team work comes up as the critical
component of the jobs. As the leader and by operating at high efficiency the team can
give their maximum output and setup the relationship of trust with the leaders and other
colleagues in the organization. By setting in the time for the tasks, can help in coming up
with the well organized machines to facilitate the proper outcomes.
 Reduce the work place clash and improvement in the conflict resolution: by working
in the team, with the better trust among one another can help in strengthening the
relationship and lower down the causes of the conflicts in the organization. Team
building with the proper leader helps in giving out the proper team and work at the
comfortable trusting side of their colleagues and authorities.
 Development of the leadership skills: working as the leader at the work place helps in
getting out the proper long term growth of the firm and of the team as well. The leaders
can work with their fellow members and can develop the quality of the good leader in
their colleagues that can help in sending with the positive messages of growth to the
employees and facilitating the great way of encouraging the employees to work more and
increase the productivity with sustained growth.
 Investing in the long term professional growth: higher rates of the employ turnover
can put the money and the resources of the company at risk. By working as per the

SHRM the firm must give their employees with the differentiation in their salaries with in
present 6-9 months. This will be helping in to have the proper work force in the company
and can set the business up to the mark of success (Newman, and Ford, 2021).
Critically analysing two group development theories for the effectiveness of teamwork in
achieving organizational goals:
The various models used in development of the effectiveness of team work and that helps in
achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Further, elaboration of the models are as
under:
 GRPI model of the team effectiveness:
This model of the GRPI states the relevance with different factors like goals, roles, processes,
and interpersonal relationships. The model was introduced by the Richard beck hard in 1972 that
helps in framing out the teams in the work place. In the accordance with this, Dr. Irwin Rubin,
Mark Plovnick, and Ronald fry customized the oldest team effectiveness model around 1977.
This model works on the basis of four factors that are as under:
Goals: the company must be having the clear objectives towards the teams and regarding the
individual performance. This must be clear with the robust and openly communicate about the
priorities and expectations (Karabiyik,and et.al., 2020).
Roles: the team must be having the well organized and skilled leader. The leader must clearly
demonstrating the goals and the responsibilities.
Processes: teams must have the clear working with the problem solving and decision-making
factors.
Interpersonal relationships: team performance must be based on the proper and appropriate
flow of information, proper engagement of the team and flexibility in between the team
members.
This model can help the organizations to have improved employee engagement and that
can also helps in fostering the accountability by measuring the individual and group goals in the
firm.
 Tuck man's FSNP model:
The model of the FSNP frame work is introduced by the Bruce Tuck man in 1965. The frame
work includes the different factors Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and the external
factor Adjourning. The elaboration of the factors of the model are as under:

Forming: team members must knowing each other and develops the basic understanding of the
work performance. So it becomes easy to achieve the proper outcome of the project. Under this
stage, the individual working in the team try to avoid the conflicts and helps in achieving the
goals (Jones, 2019).
Storming: at this stage of model, team members are more open to the challenge the things and
can have conflicts among the colleagues. At this, team have to look for the challenges so that
success can be achieved.
Norming: at this aspect, the team members have the feeling of the group and likely to work in
more effective way.
Performing: this aspect shows that the team is working for the achievement of the objective and
is motivated to achieve the goals.
Adjourning: at this aspect, after the completion of the project, a review is conducted to know
about the future necessities and utilize their time for the further operations.
This model of the team work can help the firms in achieving the overall objective and to
have the proper work force management in the team. This model will be helping in developing
the maturity and ability to establish the leadership and to have the proper team management in
the organization.
Examining how the effective teams relate to the models of the organizational behaviour in the
context of “Sainsbury Plc.”:
The organizational behaviour demonstrate the behaviour of the employees in the organization.
The different concepts and the models of the organizational behaviour are follows as under:
path goal theory:
Path goal theory focus on working by motivating subordinates to accomplish with the designated
goals of the organization. This theory was introduced by the Martin Evans and Robert House.
This models works by assuming that how the leaders develop their teams to achieve the
outcomes in any of the situation. This model identifies the four types of the behaviours directive,
supportive, participative and achievement oriented (Olowoselu, and et.al., 2019). According to
this theory of the leadership the leader can manage its behaviour according to the situations in
four of the different types.

Concepts of the organizational behaviours:
Autocratic model: this model focus on the power with the managerial orientations of the
authorities in the firm. The employees of the firm by working under this model, works in
obedience and discipline. Employee works by depending on the boss and the performance result
under this is less (Lyskova, 2019). The drawbacks of this model are that the individuals easily
get distracted and frustrated and dependency is based on the superior authorities due to the
minimum wages in the company.
Custodial model: this model focus on the resources provided to the individuals in the
organization and with the orientation related to the monetary values. The employees who work
under this model, works by focusing on the security and benefits provided to them. This model is
used by the firms that have the high levels of resources and is dependent on the economic
resources. This approach of the organizational behaviour is dependent on the firm and not on the
managers or the bosses. The model gives out the proper cooperation by satisfying them
(Andrade, 2019).
Recommendations:
The firm by using the path goal theory's achievement oriented approach and the custodial model
in the organization can have the better team management In the organization that will be
facilitating the proper working in the work place and to have the managed and the appropriate
performance management in the firm.
Critical reflection related to the value and the relevance of the effective team working
influencing the behaviours in the work place:
Through the analysis of the report above, the benefits of effective teamwork that helps in
facilitating the highlighted values and organizational culture that is essential for achieving the
business objectives are discussed that pointed out on common evaluation that team work leads to
an effective and efficient working environment In the organization. This is done not only in the
organization that have been selected, but all the organizations needs these measures to properly
carry out of all the activities (Chang, 2019).

These all measures can give with the various benefits of problem solving skills and, team
work and co-operating levels can develop the values that help in increasing personal growth, and
might help in increasing the job satisfaction and reduces stress with in the work places. This can
also result in the achievement of desired goals and enables others to learn and develop new skills
and expertise in every small matters happenings in the organization. The most prominent area of
activities that is communication can be successfully carried out as communicating is the key.
Various roles can be identified along with the ability to perform those roles, which in turn helps
in making quick and prompt decision-making.
CONCLUSION
The above report based on the organizational behaviour have concluded about the
purpose of the organizational culture and motivation have up on the behaviours and the
performance in the organization (Stewart, Courtright, and Manz, 2019). Report have also
discussed about the various organizational cultures and the motivation and the type of the culture
that have been cultivated in the selected organization. The report also discuss about the
organization's culture, politics and power. The report is also concluded about the benefits of
working in the team and benefits of working in the team as the leader and the member. Further in
the report is discussed about the two of theories to develop effective teamwork and the concept
and the models related to the organizational behaviour in the organization. Later, In the report
critical reflection have been provided demonstrating the values related to the effective team
working influencing the work place behaviours.