Organisation Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics and Power on Behaviour in an Organisational Context

This report discusses the influence of culture, politics and power on behaviour in an organisational context, using Waitrose as an example. It evaluates motivational theories and approaches for effective attainment of goals in an organisational relation and illustrates an understanding of what can establish an effective team. The report also applies concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context and given business situation.

Organization Behaviour

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Analyse the influence of culture, politics and power on the behaviour of others in an
organisational context..................................................................................................................1
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................4
Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation & motivational approaches, access in
effective attainment of goals in an organisational relation..........................................................4
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models........................................................6
Illustrate an understanding of what can establish an effective team, as opposition to an
ineffective team............................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organizational context
and given business situation.........................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The organization behaviour is refers to the academic study that associated with the
examining as well as analysis of the human behaviour in the organization. The organisation
behaviour is assist in the understand and predict organisational life and also develops the
understanding for activities in the organization (Abdirahman, 2018). It has a great requirement
and importance to motivate the workers and and maintain interrelations in the organisation. The
organization behaviour is directly concerned with the understanding, prediction as well as
control of the human behaviour in the organisation. This report is based on the Waitrose which is
a brand of the British supermarkets. This firm is founded in 1904 as Waite, Rose & Taylor
which are refers as Wairose. It is deals with the quality groceries, inspiring recipes and the
headquarter is situated in Bracknell and Victoria, England. This method is includes the
motivation techniques to motivate the workers and teams for achievement of the goals as well as
objectives (Kornberger and Mantere, 2020).
MAIN BODY
Analyse the influence of culture, politics and power on the behaviour of others in an
organisational context
The organisation culture is the collection of values, expectation as well as practices that
guide the inform the actions of all team members. These are help in the identification and
understand the performance of the worker and team in the organization. These aspects are are
shows the negative as well as positive impact on the overall performance of the organization.
Influence of power on individual & team
The power is refer to the those ability which affect the behaviour of the employees with
or without resistance by using a variety of strategies to push or promote actions. The individual
with power are able to control others behaviours to attain the goals as well as objectives. The
power is affect the people and team in the make decisions and impose the changes with in the
process of the organization (Oreg and Berson, 2019). In relation to Waitrose, there are such
theories are present which are mentioned as:
 Coercive power: This power is a ability that allows an authority figure to influence
another individual to deliver a result by using fear and threats as insensitive. This is the
way to influence individual to do something by using a possible punishment as a
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motivation. In relation to Waitrose, this power is used by the manager and higher
authority which ensure the effectiveness and completion of the given task to worker.
 Legitimate power: This is the formal authority which is given to the individual who
occupy the particular position within an organization. In relation to Waitrose, this power
is being acknowledged by the subordinates and these are create the sense of order as well
as adds structure to the working environment (Dill and Zambrana, 2020).
 Expert power: This is a types of power that comes from having a high level of
knowledge within area of expertise. This have ability to influence the worker at
organizational level. In context to Waitrose, these are ensure the development as well as
growth of the organization.
 Referent power: Referent power is a kind of power or influence that comes from being
liked or admire it and cannot be forced or assigned. In context to Waitrose, this power is
given to the manager as well as leaders who can influence the workers for their batter
performance.
 Informational power: This power is a form of personal or collective power that is based
on controlling information needed by others in order to reach an important goal. The
respective organisation Waitrose giving power to the higher authority who are associated
with the brand image (Van Rooy, 2020).
 Reward power: It is a simple power which explains the capacity of the offered reward or
such advantages in order to dealing with several task. The manager of Waitrose are
giving the incentives and advantages to the workers for the obedience as well as
compliance of the organization's targets.
Influence of politics on individual & team
Politics is refer to the unreasoning behaviour of the people at the work place which lower
the output of an individual as well as eventually affects the productivity of the organisation. The
individual who play politics within working area pay less attention to their work and these are
more interested in leg pulling and back biting. These may lead in the creating the negative
environment within the organization. There are several aspects which are influence the politics
within Waitrose are mentioned as:
 Decrease in the productivity: Politics lower the output of an individual and eventually
affects the productivity of the organisation. That may lead to vanish the individual target
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of the organization which these want to achieve in the particular time period (González-
Rodríguez and et. al., 2019).
 Spoils the working environment: Politics may cause the negative impact on the
working environment of the organisation. These are spoils the relationships between
employees as well as manager.
 Variation in attitude of employees: Politics can be different according to the thinking
of the employees and this may lead the equality within the workplace. These is also
decrease the interest of the employees at the given job role.
Influence of culture on individual & team
The organisational culture is reflects the values, beliefs as well as behavioural norms that
are used by the employees in an organisation to give meaning to the situations that they
encounter. These can influence the behaviour as well as attitude if the workers and team. The
culture of Waitrose is bring an effective and efficient contribution of the workers. The culture is
explains with the use of Handy's cultural typology model which have four part which are
explained as:
 Power culture: This is an centralised culture which is aimed in key decision-makers.
These are occur in small scale business where founder dominates. Waitrose have the
authority to monitor these workers by the increasing the performance of the organization.
If the respective organization is use this culture then the power is giver to the director
only which is responsible for the decision making (Asif, M. and et. al., 2019).
 Role culture: This is a more formalized culture with jobs having clear rule and
procedure and individual is know their position within the hierarchy. This is the sole
duty of the manager of the Waitrose and these have the power to assign various task
according to their skills as well as their knowledge. If the respective organisation is
follow this culture then these will assigned task to employees according to their skill as
well as their educational knowledge in the specific department.
 Person culture: These individual have the considerable freedom to act independently
and these may occur in organization such as legal and medical practice where individuals
have the high level of specialist technical expertise. In the Waitrose is used this type of
culture then the role of he workers will be assigned according to their working in the task
and the teams are made for the particular activity.
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 Task culture: This is a culture where there is a focus in the specific task and projects.
Individual are brought in to work on tasks as and when they are need, sharing ideas
across functions. If this culture is used by the Waitrose, then the responsibilities of the
workers will be distributed according to their working (Williamson, 2018).
TASK 2
Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation & motivational approaches, access in
effective attainment of goals in an organisational relation.
Content theory of motivation: Content theory of motivation is concerned with the
internal factors that actuate human behaviour. In context to Waitrose, these are follow the content
theory of motivation that may increasing the performance of the organisation. There are some
common theories which are mentioned as:
Maslow's theory of motivation
According to this theory, it is refers to the five basic needs and each requirement to be
fulfilled before try to fulfil the next need. This needs are incudes safety needs, physiological
needs, love and belonging needs, self-actualisation need as well as esteem needs (Saha and
Kumar, 2018). In respect to Waitrose, these are evaluated the needs of the workers which are
mentioned as: Physiological need: These are the most common and basic survival need includes water,
sufficient rest, clothing and shelter, overall heath. These must be addresses before human
move on the next level of fulfilment. Safety need: The safety needs are includes protection form violence and theft, emotional
stability, health security, financial security and well-being. Love and belonging need: This is includes the physical and emotional intimacy ranging
to build a emotional bond which are important to achieving a feeding of elevated kinship. Self- esteem: This is based on the respect and acknowledgement form others and esteem
which is based on own self-assessment.
 Self-actualisation: This needs are includes the education as well as skill development
which are essential for do more effective as compare to others. This is show the stability
and increasing the effectiveness of the working.
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Waitrose is follow this theory which are essential for the fulfil the requirement and needs
of the employees. These are also assist in the increasing the strength as well as confidence of the
workers which are increase the overall performance of the organisation.
Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation
The Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory is also refer to the dual-factor theory which
affect the overall performance of the organisation. This is includes the two factors which are
mentioned as:
 Hygiene factor: The hygiene factor is includes the salary, working condition, physical
workspace, relationship with others, Quality of the supervisor as well as policies and
rules which are encouraging he job satisfaction related to self-growth as well as self-
actualisation (Greany and Higham, 2018).
 Motivational factor: This aspect is includes the performance & achievement,
recognition, job status, responsibilities, opportunities for achievement and personal
growth. These are assisting in the increasing the confidence and strength which are
associated with the job satisfaction.
Waitrose is follow this theory for provide the job satisfaction with increasing the strength
and self-growth of the workers.
Process theory of motivation:
This theory is look at the psychological as well as behavioural processes that affect and
motivated the workers. This is also involved with the change of behaviour according to their
needs for achieving the objectives as well as goals. In respect to Waitrose, the process theory is
explained as:
Vroom expectancy theory: This theory is used for the increasing the performance and
motivation of the workers. This theory is work on the assumptions that individual is choose to
increasing the pleasure and decreasing the pain. According to this the performance of the
employees is based on the individual factors which includes skills, personality, knowledge,
experience as well as abilities. Expectancy is the beliefs that increasing effort will increase the
performance. Instrumentality is the beliefs that if individual to perform well that a valued
outcome will be received. Valance is the importance that individual place upon the expected
outcomes. In respect to Waitrose, these are follow this theory for increase the complete
performance according to there efforts (Zainuddin and et. al., 2020).
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Goal-setting theory: This theory is used to increase incentives for employees to
complete work quickly as well as effective manner. The goal setting is leads to better
performance by increasing the efforts as well as motivation and improving the feedback quality.
Self-sufficiency is the aspect which refers to the potential of the employees which is associated
with the performance. The goal commitment is fidelity of the workers to attain the targets and
goals which are affect the performance of the organisation. Waitrose is follow this theory for
achievement of the wanted goals and target which give a clear path of success for the effective
result for organisation (Ryan and Deci, 2020).
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application of
behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.
In respect to the Waitrose, these are follow Maslow's theory of motivation as well as
vroom expectancy theory to influence the employees. The Maslow's motivation theory is help in
the development of knowledge for the requirement of the workers which are need to fulfil.
Vroom theory is assisting in the final outcomes and affects the performance of the organisation
as well as affect the employees outcomes according to their efforts.
Illustrate an understanding of what can establish an effective team, as opposition to an
ineffective team
Effective team: The effective team is made by the its members which are most unite
with the same vision as well as be motivated to bring that vision to life. These are must share
their opinion clear, measurable goals as well as committed the overall success on the team. This
is also gain in which the employees have the strong believe in the other team members (Molino,
Cortese and Ghislieri, 2020).
Characteristic of effective team:
There are various aspects of the effective team and these are explained as:
 Defined role: The role might shift within team after starting working, it is essential to
understand the skills as well as competencies needed to achieve the goals.
 Mutual Accountability: The effective teams can notice the problems when they are stat
problem solving before they escalate. It is important to define as well as accept
responsibilities both as an individual or as a team.
 A clear and common goal: The effective team having the clear objective and goals
which are essential for the effective and successful team is setting the mutual goals.
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Factors of effective team:
 Clear role and responsibilities: In respect to the effective team, the employee must have
the easy delegation which are essential for the development of the role in order to given
task to be performed (Cai and et. al., 2019).
 Leadership: The team leader and manager must have a clear path in context to their
targets and aims. These are also need to motivate the employees for their better working
and achievement of the goals.
 Clear objectives: the every organization have a clear vision and objective in order to
achievement of the success and the growth of the organisation.
Ineffective team:
It is a team which is made up of those members who are not mix well and these are not
have the proper skills as well as knowledge for perform various task. These are decreasing the
growth and turnover of the organization.
Characteristics of ineffective team:
There are various aspects which are associated with the ineffective team and these are
explained as:
 Lack of trust & believe: The ineffective team is develops by the lack of trust as well as
believes within the working environment.
 Lack of effective communication: Ineffective team is also associated with the
ineffective communication between other team members.
Belbin theory: This is includes the nine team roles which enables managers as well as
team leaders to build successful teams that capitalise on the strengths of individual team
members. These are assist in the understanding the role and responsibilities of the team and
individual. The team leaders as well as team development practitioners often use the Belbin
model to create more balanced teams (Al-Jabari and Ghazzawi, 2019). These team roles are
mentioned as:
 Sharper: This role is usually fulfilled by the extroverts who are confident in challenging
other team members to improvement. These have ability for problem solving, and
ambition and these are not don't mind in asking the questions.
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 Implementer: The implementer is a person who doesn't mind getting their head down as
well as working hard to complete the task that is been set for them. These have the ability
for completing the task as well as dedication towards their work.
 Coordinator: The role and responsibilities of the coordinator is similar to that of a
traditional leader. These have a talent for delegating task to the right people, coordinators
guide their team towards the objectives in a controlled and proficient manner. These have
the ability in project management as well as effective delegation.
 team worker: These are the person for collaboration as well as unity within groups, the
team workers excels in helping colleagues to overcome differences as well as avoid
conflicts while striving towards the common goals. These are create a supportive working
environment for the team workers (Holbeche, L., 2018).
TASK 4
Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organizational context
and given business situation.
Path goal theory of leadership: This theory is refers to the leader's behaviours is
contingent in the satisfaction, motivation as well as performance of their employees. The main of
using this theory is to motivate the workers which are assist in the enhancing the overall working
behaviour. These are also assisting in the receiving the objectives as well as targets.
This theory is assist the waitrose in the identification of the aspects as well as working
pattern of the staff which are help in the increasing the overall performance of the organization.
This theory is also used tin the identification of the abilities and skills of the employees which
assist the organization in the decision making. The respective organization can use participative
leadership style which are help the firm in the better decision making (Lyons and et. al., 2019).
Classification of path goal theory:
Employees characteristic: These are assist the staff in gaining the knowledge which are
related with the aspects that motivates the employees for increasing their performance. These are
associated with the employees training for effective working. In context to Waitrose, the higher
authorities are need to evaluate the several aspects which are increase the employee behaviour.
Task & environmental characteristic: These are associated with the task which are
assigned to the employees according to their knowledge as well as skills which are assist in the
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increasing the growth of the organization. In relation to Waitrose, the supervisor must evaluate
the employees within the organisation which are assist in the identification of the needs of the
conducting activities as well as achieve them in a specific period of time.
Leadership style: This is explained as the leader's characteristic behaviours when
directing, motivating, managing as well as guiding the group of people. The great leader can
inspire political movement as well as social changes and motivates the others to perform well,
create and innovative (Lobschat and et. al., 2021). This play a important role in the job and
provide a manner to communicate. This is also develops the awareness of the personality style
and can allows leader to communicate batter, identify the others needs. There are such leadership
style which leads to guide workers and these are mentioned as:
 Participative style: The participative style of leadership in which all members of the
organisation work together for making the best decisions. This is also refer as democratic
leadership as management teams encourage all employees to participate. Waitrose leaders
are follow this type of leadership style for increasing the growth and performance of the
organisation and employees (Ritter and Pedersen, 2020).
 Directive style: This is a leadership style which is based on the path goal theory and
characterized by setting a clear objectives as well as rules for subordinates. This is also
help the workers to use the pre-determined aims for increasing the performance of the
organization.
Motivation factors: The motivational factors ate those strategies, incentives,
recognitions and any other elements that increase an employees overall perform their duties at
work. These are assist in the develops the understandings for the role and responsibilities of the
employees. This aspects are also provide the job satisfaction to the workers which enhance the
productivity of the organisation (Jehanzeb and Mohanty, 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it has been concluded that the overall performance and
productivity of the organization is associated with the individual behaviour within the
organization. There are politics, culture and power is influence the team as well as individual
behaviour which are assisting in the increasing the overall performance. This is also includes
various theories and process of motivation which are essential for achieving the effective goals
of the organisation. This is also include the effective team and characteristic of the effective
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team. The effective team is play an important role in the growth and productivity of the
organization. This report is includes some philosophies of the organisational behaviours within
the organization. There are vroom expectancy theory and Maslow's motivation theories which
are associated with the better outcomes and assist the manager for evaluation and identification
of the capabilities as well as skills of the organisation. These are also help the staff in giving the
suitable guidance to achieving the objectives and goals of the organization.
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