Organisation Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics and Power on Individual and Team Performance

This report discusses the influence of culture, politics and power on individual and team performance in an organizational context. It also evaluates the theories of motivation and how they enable effective achievement of goals. Additionally, it explains what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team. The report is based on Morrisons, a popular supermarket company that provides groceries, fruit and vegetables, homeware, bakery items, cakes as well as clothing.

Organisation behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance..........................................................................................................3
P2 Evaluating how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organizational context............................................6
PART 2............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Explaining what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team........................8
P5 Applying concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour ......................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
In today's business world organizational behaviour plays a vital role in the success of
business (Nuckcheddy, 2018). It is the study of human behaviour in organizational settings.
Every business wants to be successful in the competitive world, thus studying OB will help them
to understand about the organizational life. With the help of organizational behaviour, the
company will be able to understand the activities done by the employee working in the firm. The
present report will be based on Morrisons which is one of the most popular brand in the world.
Morrisons is supermarket company provides groceries, fruit and vegetables, homeware, bakery
items, cakes as well as clothing. By understanding about the concept of OB the firm will
motivate employees and maintain interrelations in the company. Basically, the report has two
parts, in the first part the study will cover details about influence of culture, power and politics
on the behaviour of others. Furthermore, it is going to highlight on some facts that how to
motivate individuals and team members so that they can easily achieve success in the
competitive world. In the second part of this report, an understanding of how to cooperate
effectively with others will be covered. Also, application of concepts and philosophies of OB
will be taken into consideration.
PART 1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.
Organisation culture plays an important role for the success of business (Balwant, 2018).
Without positive workplace culture the company won't be able to achieve their target and goals.
Basically, it is the reflection of the overall company. Generally speaking, Organizational culture
of the firm includes various elements such as policies implemented by the company,
organizational plans, regulations and rules. It also covers the performance done by the employees
and different aspects of behaviour. If the culture of the company is positive and healthy then
employee will work effectively for the success of business and work hard to achieve goals.
Culture also includes vision, values, norms and beliefs. In short, The way things are done around
a running company is known as organizational culture.

According to Charles handy model of organization culture, there are majorly 4 types of
culture which must be taken into consideration while talking about culture.
Power culture- there are some companies who follow this power culture, where the power
remains in the hands of only few people. They are the person who is responsible for taking
important decisions. They are given with special treatment in the company so that they can make
decisions as well. According to Charles, this kind of people are the most essential part of the
company success. This people further can delegate the responsibilities to other staff members. In
this type of culture, the other people have no option, but they strictly have to follow their
supervisor instructions so that they can work effectively. In this type of culture, people can feel
ignored because they are not allowed to share their views and options as managers can become
partial to someone in the team.
Task culture
This type of culture are created by those companies who are focused on achieving their
targets and wants to solve critical issues. Teams in this type of company comes together with
common interests so that they can easily compete task on time. In such type of companies

employees with common skills and specialization form a team so that they can finish their group
work together by using various methods like brainstorming. By using this method, they
contribute equally so that they can easily accomplish targets in the most innovative way.
Role culture
According to Charles handy, this one is the most used culture which is especially
designed for the companies who want to delegate roles to employees on the basis of their
qualifications, skills, knowledge and specialization. The companies who follow this culture
decide what best they can do or perform so that they can easily deal with any kind of challenges.
They are always ready to take ownership of the work so that they can get power as well. Team
members work effectively so that they can accomplish the goals by providing people with
different roles and responsibilities. The reason behind choosing this culture is that power always
comes with responsibility and efforts work done by people at workplace.
Person culture
it has been noted that there are few companies where the staff members feel that they are
the most essential part. Sometimes they give them more importance rather than the company.
Companies who follow this type of culture will eventually face issues and challenges because
their employees only come to office for the sake of money. This the major reason that they never
get too attached with the firm.
From the above discussion it can be evaluated that role and task culture will be suitable
for Morrisons as it helps them to create positive and friendly working environment. With the
help of these culture the company can reduce conflict between employees and able to contribute
knowledge and skills with each other. It is also evaluated that power, culture and politics can
influence the behaviour of others. For example- a positive power can help company to achieve
success because if the power is in the hand of right people then the employees will feel
motivated whereas if company has negative power in the hand of wrong management team then
it will create disputes between employers and employees which can hinder the performance of
organization. It has been noted that if any team members fails to complete the given tasks then
the whole team will suffer. Therefore, team-mates in the company are interrelated with each
other. Talking about positive side, if the team members feel encouraged towards their work they
can achieve success as a team. If any team members is not able to understand things properly
then teammate must help each other to inspire that employee. This will help them to complete

the work on time. It will not only enhance their work performance but also improve the
satisfaction level. Talking about culture of the company, if good organizational culture prevails it
will encourage one member to another so that they can easily support each other at floor.
As we all know that nowadays people from different places and culture work together at
workplace with different roles and responsibilities. So, it is very essential for them to show some
mutual respect to each other so that they can easily maintain cultural diversity. Politics is all
about using of power by top-level management in the company for making any kind of changes
at floor. If organisational politics supports negative work culture then the company cannot able
to achieve their goals. Thus, negative work culture will spread which create issues like unable to
control the behaviour of people. If company understands the importance of cultural difference
awareness, it will help them to maintain safe, healthy and positive work culture. It will also help
employees to maintain a collaborative environment in the firm. For example- if the staff
members is not aware about cultural diversity then it will decrease their work efficiency thus also
demotivate them towards work culture. If company has negative politics, it will impact
employees in a negative manner. Employee will feel pressurized and does not able to work with
concentration. This will also impact the productivity of employees and hinder the performance of
team mates. Due to this company may face loss sometimes situation get worse which can't be
controlled. Speaking about power, if any firm is influenced by positive power than it will
motivate people to perform well. In this kind of work culture, people start focusing on achieving
organisational goals. The employees in the company will get reward for their hard work. When
the employees are encouraged as well as inspired for their work it will automatically enhance in
a most positive way. While on the other side, if the employer use their power in negative way it
will discourage the employees. The negative power will create conflicts between people, the
work given in team will not get completed by them and it will influence their performance as
well as organisational culture in a negative way. In order to deal with such situation the
Morrisons can apply Hofstede's dimensions of culture theory. The reason behind using this
model is that these values impact not only how people with different cultural backgrounds
behave and work but also the manner in which they will potentially behave when place in
another work associated context.

P2 Evaluating how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals
In today's business world, motivation plays a vital role in the success of business. If
employees are motivated towards their work then it will enhance their individual as well as team
work. Motivation plays an important role in driving employees towards their business goals so
that they can easily able to achieve it without any issues. There are many types of theories of
motivation which can applied by companies so that they can enhance employee job satisfaction
(Ford and et.al., 2020).
Extrinsic motivation- basically it is a behaviour of individual that is driven by some sort
of external rewards such as grades, marks and money.
Intrinsic motivation- people do certain activities because it given them pleasure as well as
enhance their skills which can help them to improve job satisfaction
There are mainly 2 types of motivation theory which includes process and content.
Content models of motivation
This model of motivation focuses on the different things that employees may feel they
need in their lives. With the help of this model, company can easily understand the needs and
wants of employees and find ways to motivate people so that they can achieve success and goals
Source: (Ford and et.al., 2020)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs

With the help of this model, the company's employer can understand about how human
motivation based on the different levels of needs which must be fulfilled by company. It is
necessary to motivate people and fulfil their basic needs in a hierarchical order so that it can
enhance their job satisfaction (Hattie, Hodis and Kang, 2020).
Physiological needs- it is very important to fulfil the needs of human such as food,
water, health and clothing.
Safety needs- once the basic needs is satisfied, employee seek for safety need which
includes financial security, health insurance, well-being and emotional stability.
Love and belonging needs- as we all know that humans always seek for love and
attachments, they are looking for social needs too for interactions. So, company must provide
employees with positive environment where they can exchange their experience and talk with
each other.
Esteem needs- after satisfying with love and social needs, employees seek for self-
esteem needs, they require equal mutual respect from others.
Self actualization- it includes skill and knowledge development, employees always seek
for learning new things in life and getting proper education and training.
Process models of motivation
This model concentrate on behavioural processes that humans follow. By using this
model company can easily understand the interactions, contexts and actions that can motivate
people at workplace and also their influence individuals behaviours.
Adams equity theory of motivation

This model is established by Adam, says that in order to motivate people, the company
should provide each individuals rewards. To be encouraged towards work, employees need to
perceive that the rewards they are receiving for their efforts are totally fair, then only they will
feel valued (Ford and et.al., 2020).
From the above discussion it can be evaluated that by using motivation theory and
motivational techniques like training and development sessions, feedback systems,
compensations, bonuses and health security, Morrisons is able to create positive work place
environment and can also enhance team motivation by treating each and every person with
respect and dignity. This is how when employees feel motivated and inspired they will
automatically work effectively to achieve goals.

PART 2
P3 Explaining what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Teamwork plays a vital role, in every business whether it is small or big company there
are types of teams in different job role as per their experience and skills. It has been said that not
every team is effective and not every group is a team. Team is build when there is mutual respect
and support from each other. As we all know that an effective team is very important for the
success of business. When the team are highly motivated towards their work it can easily help
company to achieve their desired outcomes within time-period. When the employees are having
good skill set which is helpful for them to compete their tasks then it will create positive
workplace environment. Employer should understand that a team must be created effectively and
in such as way that there is a blend of supporting skills such as creativity, strategic, analytical,
communication and problem solving. A highly effective team and motivate team associate
themselves with pride for being part of their respective team and always stand beside their team-
mates in any situation which helps them to get things done smoothly even in challenging
situation (Holbrook Jr and Chappell, 2019).
Benefits of working in a team
 It helps employees to solve problem by using their skills and knowledge. It has been said
that when team play off each other's knowledge, they can easily create solutions that are
really useful for them.
 Teamwork will boost the confidence level among people, having a happy team is a
worthwhile goal for business which can also help them to enhance personal growth. By
sharing information among team the employees can flourish themselves. They may get
new concepts cleared with different experience and learn from each others mistakes
which helps them to avoid future mistakes and errors.
As we all know that in today's business world, maintaining positive attitude is very
important for people then only they can achieve success. While on the other hand, if people are
not maintaining positive attitude at workplace and showing negative attitude towards work then
it will hinder the performance of company. An effective team is having positive attitude towards
task given to them at workplace which helps them to get things done smoothly (Otte, Konradt
and Oldeweme, 2018). It will motivate people to give their best efforts. While on the other side,
if employees are not maintained right attitude towards work then such kind of team is known as

ineffective team. There are different things ineffective teams tend to have which includes lack of
attention, lack of clarity, lack of leadership styles and lack of inspiration in the team. This is how
motivated and supportive staff makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Communication plays an important role in the success of business, in the presence of an
effective communication network, team members feel more motivated and enhance their self-
confidence (Rucker, Rucker and Windemuth, 2019). If communication system is followed at
work place them it can encourage people to work effectively, and they will feel that their opinion
matters a lot and counted by employer. Thus, it has been said that communication skills is a great
source of motivation, from which leaders and motivators can enhance job satisfaction among
team members and encourage them to continue add input to achieving common goals. With the
help of communication, leaders can create positive environment where employees can connect
with each other and try to solve any issues. This also creates understanding between people from
different languages, different culture and backgrounds. When the teams are not using proper
communication methods then it can create negative workplace environment which results into
ineffective group communication. The reason behind this situation is lack of trust, lack of
respect, lack of communication, lack of teamwork, lack of understanding. In order to develop the
teamwork among people, the company Morrisons can use methods and theories like Belbin and
Tuckman (Acquah and et.al., 2021).
Belbin's team roles model
with the help of this model, the company can easily help their employees so that they can
identify behavioural weaknesses and strengths in the workplace (Why Use Belbin Team Roles?
2022). By using this model, the company's leader can ensure that team members are
communicating effectively with each other and work together for the betterment of business.
With the application of this model, the employees can enhance their team work with greater
understanding and try to resolve any kind of conflict between teams. With the help of this model,
the company can create high performing teams as well as help individuals and teams improve
business performance. By using this model, company can foster effective teamwork, motivation
and develop difficult business situations into smooth going business.
Tuckman team development theory
As we all know that teamwork in business can be tricky, it is not easy to form a team and
handle it. But there are many models invented or you can say designed by experts to get things

done smoothly. In today business world, it always takes time for a new team to get used to each
other as there are different people working together from different fields, backgrounds, cultures
and has different ways of working. With the help of Tuckman team development theory the
company easily reach its potential. This is the most popular and used theory for teamwork
development which helps companies to develop team understanding (Marzocchi, Druken, and
Brye, 2021).
Source: (5 Stages of Team Development, 2022)
 Forming- it is the very first stage of this model, in this step the team has just been
introduced to each other and task has been allocated as per their behavioural context.
 Storming- during this stage, egos may start to show themselves and tempers may flare.
Sometime team members may disagree with each other regarding task. So, company
should understand the importance of leaders during this step. They must look for strong
leadership style for guiding people.
 Norming- here, there may be some incidents of conflicts which needs to be taken into
consideration by leaders.
 Performing- now each member in the team is confident and motivated about the task,
under the strict supervision each employee will start performing for real achievement.

 Adjourning- this is the final stage of Tuckman team development theory, where
employees will positively share experiences and make it easier to work in team.
P5 Applying concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
Understanding organisational behaviour plays an important role in the success of
business. In today's business world, various types of philosophies and concepts have been
designed and developed to understand the organisational behaviour and its people who work
effectively for the success of business (Jacobs and Manzi, 2020). By using these philosophies
and concepts the company can easily shape and mold the attitude among people, culture and
behaviours of the business as a whole. The area of OB study examines human behaviour in the
workplace and determines its impact on motivation, productivity, performance, communication
and leadership in a positive or negative manner.
Concept of organisational behaviour
 perception- every people have different perception, it differs from person to person their
working ways, their nature as well as their thinking power. This happens because of their
past experiences which led them to their perception. On the basis of needs and
personalities, staff members view work in a different manner. So, it is essential for
leaders of Morrisons to go through this concept while understanding about OB.
 Motivation- as we all know that if person is dealing with any kind of personal life
problem, this may impact their working and professional life as well. So, it is very
important to focus on motivation of employees because ambition of that person could fall
down in speed if the individual is disturbed and facing any kind of mental and physical
issues.
 Individual differences- in this era, every person is different from each other, they use
different techniques while working, have different way of handling things. This is totally
based on the fundamental of psychology as each person in the team have different
opinion as well as think in a different way. This allows leaders to see the difference in
their personalities, attitudes and behaviour in the company. While understanding about
OB, It is essential to take this concept into consideration and must accept this difference
(Gillam and Cosford, 2021).
 While understanding about OB, it is very important to take some facts about social
systems, business ethics and mutual respect and interest so that it can enhance the

performance of team members. To achieve business goals in competitive world, the
company should apply path goal theory in an effective manner and choose the best
suitable theory or style of leadership. With the help of path goal theory Morrisons can
easily able to increase employees motivation level and empowerment as well.
Philosophies of organizational behaviour
 custodial- this concept is totally based on giving economic security for staff members via
benefits and compensations such as bonus, salary, wages that are believed to lead loyalty
and motivation among them.
 Collegial- this concept says that company should create positive workplace where people
can work together to achieve their common business goals.
 Autocratic- with the help of this model, the company's leader have complete control
overall important decisions. They do not take inputs and ideas from team members and
does not take their judgements and directions.
 Supportive- this leadership style provide training, development and emotions to
employees so that they can easily able to achieve goals of business (Olutoye and Asikhia,
2022).

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Balwant, P. T., 2018. The meaning of student engagement and disengagement in the classroom
context: Lessons from organisational behaviour. Journal of Further and Higher
Education. 42(3). pp.389-401.
Ford, T. G. and et.al., 2020. Understanding district support for leader development and success
in the accountability era: A review of the literature using social-cognitive theories of
motivation. Review of Educational Research. 90(2). pp.264-307.
Gillam, S. and Cosford, P., 2021. Organisational behaviour. In Leadership and Management for
Doctors in Training (pp. 32-39). CRC Press.
Hattie, J., Hodis, F. A. and Kang, S. H., 2020. Theories of motivation: Integration and ways
forward. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 61. p.101865.
Holbrook Jr, R. L. and Chappell, D., 2019. Sweet rewards: an exercise to demonstrate process
theories of motivation. Management Teaching Review. 4(1). pp.49-62.
Jacobs, K. and Manzi, T., 2020. Conceptualising ‘financialisation’: governance, organisational
behaviour and social interaction in UK housing. International Journal of Housing
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Marzocchi, A. S., Druken, B. K. and Brye, M. V., 2021. Careful Co-Planning for Effective Team
Teaching in Mathematics. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics
Education. 16(3). p.em0663.
Nuckcheddy, A., 2018. The effect of personality on motivation and organisational
behaviour. Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal. 9(2). pp.1-5.
Olutoye, A. A. and Asikhia, O., 2022. The effect of leadership and organisational behaviour on
performance–A systematic literature review. International Academic Journal of Human
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Otte, K. P., Konradt, U. and Oldeweme, M., 2018. Effective team reflection: the role of quality
and quantity. Small Group Research. 49(6). pp.739-766.
Rucker, A., Rucker, A. and Windemuth, B., 2019. Utilizing team strategies and tools to enhance
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Online
5 Stages of Team Development. 2022.[online]: available through <https://toggl.com/track/stages-
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Why Use Belbin Team Roles? 2022. [online]: available through <https://www.belbin.com/belbin-
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