Analysis of Organisational Behaviour and Culture

The provided assignment is a comprehensive collection of research papers, case studies, and theoretical models related to organisational behaviour and culture. It covers topics such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Vroom's expectancy theory, Handy's model of organisation culture, and more. The document aims to provide students with a detailed understanding of the complexities of organisational dynamics, including motivation, leadership, and sustainability policies. It is intended for publication on Desklib, a platform that offers past papers and solved assignments for students.

Organisation
behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
LO1..................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Study the influence of culture, politics and power on other's behaviour in enterprise...........1
LO2 .................................................................................................................................................4
Content and process theory of motivation and motivational techniques.....................................4
LO3..................................................................................................................................................7
P3 Description of Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..........................................7
LO4 .................................................................................................................................................9
P4 Application of concepts and philosophies of Ryanair behaviour...........................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour states human behaviour within business enterprises that help to
understand how an employer behave with its employee. A good behaviour is very important in
all organisation which help to enhance business activities. In other words, its all about the
understanding which tells how people and group of people behave in organisation in order to
growing business. As behaviour of any people affect any organisation in order to complete the
task and perform different function. The present report will discuss about Organisation behaviour
within organisation (Bok and et.al,. 2016). To define this Ryanair has been selected that is airline
industry provides airline services to customers. It follows the attractive organisational culture
that help to solve staffing issues and improve customer satisfaction rating. This report will
contains various topics such as company's culture, politics and power influences individual and
team behaviour, how content and process theory of motivation affects achievement of goals
within industry, what make effective team and ineffective team. Additionally, report will contain
concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour.
LO1
P1 Study the influence of culture, politics and power on other's behaviour in enterprise
Organisation culture is a systematic culture which involves shared assumptions, beliefs,
values, and behaviour towards psychological and social behaviour of industry. It helps to define
how people behave and understood things within enterprise. Such as Ryanair was established in
1984 which was not successful because it was not focused on behaviour and customer
satisfaction In 1990s it has decided to set up airline industry which will provide airline services
at low fare and high quality services by applying low cost approach. After applying this strategy,
it growing continuously, now it become world's largest company who get success in growth and
expansion of Ryanair. As it follows macho organisation culture that help to expand the business
all over the world. The Ryanair focused on the Handy’s typology which help to adopt good
organisation culture (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). This model was given by Charles Handy who
states four different kind of organisation culture that is described as below-
Power culture: Power refers an individual have authority and responsibility to influence
the people and make correct business decision. Michael O’Leary is the CEO of Ryanair who has
power to make rule and regulation towards expanding the business. IT help to decide what will

happen in future by applying some policies. In power culture the employees of Ryanair mostly
judged that what they achieve instead of knowing how they complete task or how employees
react. This culture helps to make quick decision and create long term interest within Ryanair.
Role culture: This is a type of culture typology, based on rules which are highly
controlled by all person within organisation. This culture helps to define person's position in
organisational culture. Ryanair can use this culture to assign duties and responsibilities of staff
who are working there. In this culture Ryanair's manager can delegate employee's work
according to specialisation that will help to perform accordingly and achieve goals of the
organisation. Moreover, the manager and employees can make effective business decision.
Task culture: This culture is formed to solved the specific problems which are arising in
industry. This is most important culture which help to understand the problem and support to
address this problem. If Ryanair use this culture it can get better solution by addressing the
issues. It depends on the team members and status of issues which states what next steps should
be taken to solve their issues. Ryanair can use this that help to increase sills, personalities,
leadership and working culture within organisation in order to increase the productivity.
Person culture: Any organisation should focus on person and its qualities that help to
take better decision by own self. In this culture people believes that they superior to the business.
It just a collection of people in Ryanair that help to provide training to be expertise. If Ryanair
use this culture employee will understand themselves to be superior in airline business that will
help to increase business because they can work as they want. The industry simply exists in order
for employee to work efficiently.
It has been recommended that Ryanair should adopt task organisation culture that will
help to address specific problems. Moreover, it can make correct business decision in order to
expand the business.
Organisational power
This is the ability and capacity to make things happen as per individual's perspective that
help to assign task among different employees. Ryanair discusses about French and Race's power
which is formed to affect success and individual's leadership. All are described below-
Reward power: This power is used to give rewards to employees for their well
performance. Rewards such as raises, promotions, training opportunities, expected task and best
compliment which attract employees and increase productivity. A Ryanair can use reward power

to motivate employees in order to enhance their work performance by providing awards and
incentives. By rewarding process employees feel good and work more effectively for Ryanair
industry.
Coercive power: This power is opposite to reward power which is based on coercion that
means employees are bounded to perform task. This is the ability to punish or pose a threat to
employees and use fear as motivation. Ryanair can use this power by firing, demotivation and
denied privileges in case of employees are not working good. It can impact such as if Ryanair
employee are not working properly then manager can make decision to fire non performer
employee as result they can hire well performer employee in order to expand
Legitimate power: This is related to specific feeling and thoughts of powerful person
towards management. This is very responsible power which is handled by most responsible
person to control the excess resources by rewarding and pushing employees. The CEO Michael
O’Leary has legitimate power who can make effective decision by giving rewards and
punishment to employees. Through this every employee can perform as a team and think about
to improve the performance.
Expert power: This contains knowledge and skills which help to understand a situation,
suggest solutions and uses strategy judgement in order to beat the competition by expanding
business. Ryanair can use this because manager has advanced knowledge and skills which make
more confident and decisiveness in order to expanding airline business.
Referent power: This power comes from observing other people who are more
knowledgeable and supportive to address the problems. Such as Ryanair's manager has referent
power which influence staff to adopt the qualities and behaviour in order to solve issues. It can
be big responsibility for Ryanair which help to increase the knowledge and skills of employees.
Organisational politics
This means a process and behaviour which contains human interactions by including
power and authority. In other words, it is a tool to check the operational capacity and ability to
get the maximum production. Employees of Ryanair are considered with politics which
influences team and worker's performance. It impacts team and individual behaviour by
following Chanlat’s characteristics such as-

Maximise the productivity: Ryanair's productivity is increasing continuously through
politics. Such as it pays less attention towards task and more attention to increase productivity.
Through this employees attaining goals and objectives at particular period of time.
Maintain decorum: Ryanair maintain well decorum through politics that impacts on
team and individual behaviour. Such as if decorum will be maintain within organisation
employees will perform in a better with highly interest.
Increase profitability: Ryanair is raising profits since 1990 because it follows politics
which is set by rules and regulation. The manager of Ryanair sets some policies select skilled
person who are able to maximize profits.
From the above discussion it is provided that organisation culture affect the individual's
behaviour and team such as Ryanair is following task organisation culture that will help to assign
the task among employees according to their specification. It is using power to define the goals
and get work done from employee in order to complete task. And political organisation help to
understand the political behaviour of UK for running a business. All factors affects employee's
feeling and behaviour such as they can make decision independently for operating the business
that help Ryanair to maximize the productivity and profitability.
LO2
Content and process theory of motivation and motivational techniques
Motivation means to inspire people and employees in order to perform well and complete
task. Motivation is the influencing factor that encourages people to give their best performance
and help in reach near by organisation goals. Motivation can be in kind of incentive, simulation,
inspiration, bonus, promotion, increment and appraisals which influence workers in order to
perform well. Ryanair's manager monitor worker’s performance and motivate them for
completing task in a specific period of time.
Content theory of motivation
This theory states that human should be change with time that is useful to get maximum
satisfaction by performing task. This theory mainly considers human behaviour to attract the
employees and make feel them good. Content theory contains number of motivation theory like
Mc Gregor's theory x and y, ERG theory, Herzberg motivation theory and Maslow motivation

theory which motivated employees and get work done on time. Ryanair apply Maslow
motivation theory that is described as-
This theory was invented by Abraham Maslow in 1943 that states people are motivated
after completing the basic needs. The basic needs of employees should be completed and then
need to come nest level which is motivation to employees (Maslow's hierarchy of needs 2018).
All description of motivation theory is described as-
Physiological needs: It highlights on basic needs such as air, food, drink, shelter,
warmth, cloth, and sleep which should be complete. Ryanair focused on physiological needs and
provides good salary to employees that help to fulfil all basic needs. By providing attractive
salary employees get motivated and perform well.
Safety needs: It considers safety needs such as protection, security, stability, order, law
and free from fear that motivate workers. Ryanair motivates employees by providing financial
and health security such as provides medical benefits for staff and their family that help to
motivate employees and they do not thinks about switch the organisation.

Love and belongingness needs: This is also important which should be complete after
basic and safety needs. This means there should be interpersonal relations like friendship,
intimacy, believes, acceptance, affection and love which inspire employees to work better than
past. Ryanair's manager also provides social needs such as it behave friendly and shares
problems that attracts employees and make feel them good (Kazemipour and Mohd Amin, 2012).
Esteem needs: It highlights esteem like dignity, mastery, independence, and achievement
that affects employee's behaviour and motivates them. Ryanair creates some policies and strategy
which help to maintain a living standard and status of employees. As result Ryanair's workers
work effectively with the help of esteem needs.
Self actualization needs: This is the ending needs which come at last after fulfil all
needs. This contains personal potential, self fulfilment, better experience and personal growth
that should be provided by an organisation in order to motivate employees. Ryanair provides
training and development programme to its workers for maximizing the skills and experience.
This help workers to perform effectively and efficiently.
Process theory
This is a system of thoughts that states how an organisation changes and develops. It
deals with process of motivation which recognises how motivation occurs within organisation.
Ryanair use this theory to motivate people and inspire them. Ryanair follows Vroom expectancy
theory in order to motivate the people such as-
Vroom expectancy theory
This theory is based on personality, attitude, skills and behaviour of all staff who are
working in organisation. Ryanair's employees feels good and give positive outcomes to
organisation which affects its business positively. Ryanair's employees works collectively that
help to receive positive outcomes in enterprises (Vroom expectancy theory 2019). There are three
instrument which give feedback to workers-
Expectancy: In this theory employees has different expectation and level of confidence
that states their capability of completing task. It also states that what management needs to
increase production by providing training and development. Such as Ryanair expected to
increased the production and profitability by monitoring performance. It also focused on
providing satisfaction to workers through motivation.

Instrumentality: This means employees believes that what they get instead of
desirableness. Ryanair management assures employees to provide rewards for their good
performance. Moreover, it help to maintain a relation between employer and employee through
instrumentality (Kitchin, 2017).
Valance: It means emotional attitude of employees with respect to get potential rewards.
In other words, it help to Motivational Techniquesknow about potential award which is given to
workers whether valued or not. Such as Ryanair asks employees what they want to get as
motivation because they are getting high pay so may be they have other expectation to get. That's
why the manager of Ryanair give motivation awards which inspire to work with more efforts.
Motivational Techniques
Ryanair uses motivational techniques such as offering up beat, provide positive work
environment and learning techniques which help to motivates employees. For example, Ryanair
is facing low profitability because high competition. Ryanair provided training and development
which helped to enhance knowledge and attracts customer by providing attractive services. By
doing such the number of passengers increased and beat the competition. It was possible because
of employees efforts and motivation through Ryanair's manager by applying training and
development motivational techniques (Lawrence and Lee, 2013).
From the above discussion it has been evaluated that content theory and process theory of
motivation can be used to enable individual and team performance that help Ryanair to get
success in order achieve goals. Vroom expectancy theory help to maintain the good behaviour in
order to maximise individual and team's performance. Ryanair can achieve goals by adopting this
theory within organisation. Moreover, Maslow theory fulfil the needs of Ryanair's employees
that help to achieve goals. For instance, Ryanair will provide satisfaction to employees and team
performance in order to complete targets. Employees make efforts to achieve the objectives by
following these theory. Hence, Ryanair can get success to perform the business activities by
motivating employees.
LO3
P3 Description of Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Employees plays a crucial role in all organisation who make efforts to get maximum
production and profitability. In Ryanair, employees works together as a team which helps to

accomplish target and achieve profits. Moreover, team help to achieve goals of organisation
which is decided by Ryanair's manager.
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Meaning There are number of workers are
working as a team member to obtain
goals.
No group of employees works
collectively which may be less
productivity.
Communication It contains two way communication It contains one way communication.
Interdependence Interdependence is uses positively in
order to attain team's objectives.
Interdependence does not focuses
on accomplishing objectives
through team.
Objectives Its main objective is to maintain a
relation between all employees and
employer in order to maximize
production.
Its main object is to assign the work
to single member and expects to get
profits.
Ryanair has different types of team which help to operate business successfully such as it
has changed corporate structure within upcoming 12 months and moves management team by
operating business such as Ryanair DAC, Laudamotion, Ryanair Sun, Ryanair UK. Moreover, it
follows effective communication which help to get success (McLennan, 2013). Its manage team
that is described below-
Problem solving team: This is temporary which is used to focuses on problems of the
organisation. Such as Ryanair focuses on specific issues to come up with solution and increase
the corporate image.
This is important because team can create financial crisis and unplanned challenge which
help to solve upcoming problems
Functional team: This team considers members from same department that contains
only whole task and expertise people. Ryanair can create this team in order to tackle all
assignment who is responsible for every thing.

It is important for Ryanair because it remove all obstacles which are coming to
transferring work from one team to another team. Hence, by creating this team Ryanair can lead
to organisation success (Norton, Zacher and Ashkanasy, 2014).
Virtual team: This involves workers who work in different location and rely on
communication power and associated with tools to get thing done collectively. Ryanair can use
this team to maintain better work life balance by expanding business at different location.
This is important for Ryanair because it focused on time,space, location and culture to
expand business at different areas. Such as it done by using virtual team in order to get success.
Ryanair also uses Tuck man theory development model that help to make effective
business and increase profitability. This theory makes more effective by employee's efforts. The
discussion about Tuck man theory is mentioned below-
Forming: Ryanair use this to assemble the team and allocate task that help to behave
independently and unconditionally. According to this theory Ryanair's manager spent time to
make planning, storing information and bonding with team members which help to tackle task
and complete the projects in order to develop business.
Storming: Ryanair uses this to address the task and suggest ideas that help to maintain
relation among employer and group of employees. This is more effective such as Ryanair's team
focused on consensus by making plans in order to address problems. Moreover, it is more
effective to facilitate leadership (Okurame, 2012).
Norming: This phase is also more effective because by using this Ryanair can move
towards harmonious work practices that help to operate business continuously.
Therefore, Ryanair uses Tuckman theory that help to develop business in other area and
increase profitability by concentrating on forming, storming, and norming.
LO4
P4 Application of concepts and philosophies of Ryanair behaviour
Ryanair uses path goal theory that emphasis on setting and achieving the goals of
organisation. The manager of Ryanair apply this because it help to improve team performance
and productivity in airline industry (.Staddon and et.al., 2016). It contains different steps that
help to improve the work performance such as-
 Importance of employee's qualities

 Selecting proper leadership style
 And concentrate on motivational factor which help to assist worker in order to
achieve goals and objectives
Path goal theory based on four leader's style and behaviour that help to achieve goals in
changing work environment. The leader's style is described below-
Directive style: In this style, the leader should know what needs to be done exactly, how
task should be performed and what is the deadline to complete the project. Ryanair's leader
provides a clear guidelines to employees that help to perform task exactly and increases
employee's experience (Temminck, Mearns and Fruhen, 2015).
Supportive style: In this style leader pay a attention towards employee's needs and wants
that help to improve performance of business industry. This mainly focused on employee's
behaviour and maintain friendly relation in order to expand business. Ryanair's manager treats
employees with respect and supports them when is required. This is useful to cope up with
difficult situation and motivates workers within organisation.
Achievement oriented: It is used to set challenging goals and how to achieve them in
order to make correct business decision. This mainly focused on accomplishment of goal at
specified period of time. Ryanair use this style to show excellent work accomplishment and
make improvement in performance. Moreover, it help Ryanair's staff to work independently by
solving problems which is suitable for organisation (Young, and et.al., 2017).
Participative style: This is important to improve the performance and expanding
business. It help to delegate work accordingly and make business decision. Ryanair can use this
style to enhance learning through expanding knowledge and experience. Additionally, it give
suggestion to solve problems and get better solution (Robbins and et. al., 2013).
Ryanair is using path goal theory to face the problems that help to give a best employees
and work environment in order to achieve goals. Following barriers are facing by Ryanair that is
given below:
Communication: In Ryanair employees are not able to achieve goals of organisation due
to lack of communication. So address this barrier Ryanair should use path goal theory that will
help to solve the problems through proper communication and will create good work
environment in order to achieve goals.

Resistance to change: This means employees of Ryanair are not able to accept changes
frequently that creates problem and it can not achieve goals. For this Ryanair should use path
goal theory that will help to accept the changes by proving a clear path to employees.
From the discussion it can be recommended that Path goal theory will help Ryanair to
create good work environment and share the problems which is facing by employees to complete
the targets. By using this theory it increase number of passenger and profitability.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that by understanding the concepts of
organisation behaviour support the internal department to make work with full potential and
communicate with management to make meaningful decision. Charles handy culture is crucial
culture within company that support to promote positive environment so that overall
performance can be improved. Different motivational theories such as Maslow's and vroom
theory that help to motivate employees to work as a effective in order to gain success at attain the
desired goals. Apart this path-goal-theory help leader of respective company to train and motive
employees that support to improve there performance and increase profitability.

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