Organisational Behaviour Analysis: A David Company Limited Report

This report provides an analysis of organisational behaviour within A David Company Limited, a food and beverage company. It examines the impact of organisational culture, power dynamics, and politics on individual behaviour and performance, referencing Charles Handy's cultural theory to explain different cultural models. The report then delves into motivational theories and techniques, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, ERG theory, and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, to understand how these tools can help A David Company Limited achieve its goals. It also explores the factors that contribute to effective teams, differentiating them from ineffective ones. Finally, the report discusses the applicability of organisational behaviour philosophies and concepts within the context of A David Company Limited, offering insights into how these principles can be applied to improve employee performance, team dynamics, and overall organisational success. The report uses relevant theories and practical examples to support its analysis and recommendations.

Organisation Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Impact of culture, power and politics influence individual behaviour and its performance
................................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
P2 Motivational theories and techniques help in achieving goal of A David Company Limited
................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................6
P3 Factors that are making effective team better than ineffective team ..............................6
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P4 Applicability of philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour in the context of A
David Company Limited........................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour means study of interacting with person and environment which
is prevailing in entity. This is used by business to increase potential of employees and regulate
discipline in working area. In this report cited organisation is A David and Company Limited and
it is dealing in food and beverages. Cited entity is doing its business in dairy, bakery, frozen food
products. Entity has turnover of £10 M to 20 M. This report will cover impact of organisational
culture, politics, power influence team behaviour and performance of employees. It will also
discuss theories of motivation and motivational techniques which helps in achieving objectives
of cited entity. Further it covers that reasons of effective team are better than ineffective team.
TASK 1
P1 Impact of culture, power and politics influence individual behaviour and its performance
Culture
Organisational culture means beliefs, values and assumptions which is used to interact
with people and support environment of entity. Enterprise which follows positive culture helps in
running business smoothly. Impact of organisational culture on business is significant and it can
be positive as well as negative on employees. Employer will treat employees nicely and provide
facilities regarding to work which is needed which help A David and Company Limited to run
business smoothly. Employer will give flexible working hours to employees which help workers
to work with motive of achieving goal of entity. Working environment of entity is peaceful
which help worker to perform its operations in successfully.
Charles Handy Cultural Theory
In this report has included the management theory of Charles handy and has powerful
impact on modern management thinking (Andriof and et.al., 2017). There are various models
which comes under is power culture, role culture, task culture and person culture. In power
culture refers to the top to bottom and centralised one. This is helping entity to control
organisation from the main office only. Role culture means strict procedures of policies and
narrowly defined roles. It is working with motive of delegating powers and responsibilities so
that employees have no burden on the work. It is helping entity to work with motive to divide the
work equally. Task culture refers to solution oriented which gives him the power to adapt
flexibility and performance. Person culture focus on person only. Such organisation is value
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oriented, people focused and geared towards the meeting the individual. It is helping entity to
achieve the goal of entity it also helps in the making the building the image in front of society
Power
Liberty in rules and regulations of company help worker to do every task in creative
way. Employer will take opinion from its staff related to betterment of company. It encourages
employees to work for company and reach new heights of success. It will increase potential of
employees and they can work in efficient way (Macdonald, Burke and Stewart, 2017).
Organisational politics and power has significant role in entity for taking decisions. With use of
authority it depends on person how individual use it in positive and negative way. This directly
affects entity and its culture. Positive culture helps in encouraging employees which will
maximise their productivity. Having of excess power in hands of higher authority which makes
lot of changes in entity. People will get demotivated and turnover of employees will increase.
Entity has two type of power culture which is prevailing positive power culture and
negative. In positive culture will maximise potential of employees and this helps in taking of
decisions, strong performance and appointing employees who perform strongly to guide other
employees. This will maximise worker confidence and inspire other to do work in better way.
Satisfaction of employees help entity in retention of worker and which help company to generate
revenue and reach organisation to desired goals.
Negative power impacts entity in adverse way. By having excess power in hands of
person misuses them and it will affect employees. People will get demotivated and resultant will
be turnover of employees (Axelsson and Easton, 2016). By implementation of lot of rules in
organisation it will be difficult for employees to work in restriction. If working conditions are not
suitable for employees which and they are not satisfied in that case person will get demotivated
and resultant is to leave entity. This will decrease performance of entity as well as employees
and brand value will also decrease. This will decrease morale of entity and quality of work will
also minimise.
Politics
Politics affects directly to working environment and its impact on organisation working.
There are two type of politics one is positive and another is negative. Positive politics in entity
means working in environment which will increase its productivity of employees as well as
entity. This will make easy for employees to understand policies of company which will make
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sure that people are working with motive of development of entity as well as worker. It will
increase productivity of employees and help entity to take decisions in faster way. This will
improve performance of employees and make good image of society. Worker will try to work on
quality and use their own methods in work. This will reduce conflict and helps in working with
motive to achieve goals of entity (Buckley and Ghauri, 2015).
Negative politics refers to decrease in productivity of employees and affect to
organisation performance. This will affect the revenue generation of entity and it will lack
behind from competitors. Power and politics in excess impact working of subordinates and it will
also impact on performance of entity as well as employees. It makes difficult for people who are
working there and make situation worse for both. It will affect performance, team behaviour and
individual for example person who are working with lot of pressure then person can't do work
with concentration and it makes morale down of workers. They will get demotivated and their
working quality will also get affected and behaviour of employees towards organisation will
become negative. If A David &Company Limited is suffering loss in that case individual
working there will not get affected and think about own only. They are working with motive of
developing self only not for sake of entity. Environment of entity affect behaviour of employees
and they will not do any type of work which is beneficial for entity. With applicability of lot of
rules on subordinates makes difficult for them working in entity and they are working with
motive of earning profits for self not for entity.
TASK 2
P2 Motivational theories and techniques help in achieving goal of A David Company Limited
Motivational theories and techniques are used for development of person and its mind set.
These tools help individual to work with encouragement and reduction of stress. In stressful
environment they will not able to work in efficient way that's why entity is working with motive
to motivate workers in order to achieve goal of A David Company (Saviotti and Metcalfe, 2018).
Goal of entity is profit earning, reaching to new heights of success in food and beverage industry,
fulfilling demands of customer which will satisfy customer, making of good image of entity in
market. For fulfilling demand of customer employees has to work with their heart and soul for
meeting their demands and this can be possible for entity by applicability of motivational
theories which help them to perform the work in better way. Motivational theories help to
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motivate employees and satisfied workers do work in far better way than other one. There are
two type of theories and they are content and process theory.
Content theory - These theories are also called need theory which help individual for
fulfilling their requirements after organisational goals are achieved by them. These theories help
individual in determining that which things facilitate in motivating workers. Satisfied worker do
well as compared to unsatisfied worker. (Berry, Broadbent and Otley, 2016). Under this so
many motivational theories are there some of them are Maslow Hierarchy of needs, ERG
Theory, Herzbergs Two factor Theory.
Maslows Hierarchy Needs- This theory is developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940 and
1950 by American Psychologist. It was idea of Maslow that needs has five levels in hierarchy
and these theories which help in determining of needs of individual and requirements are
fulfilled with lower to higher needs. Basically there are five levels which are self-actualisation
needs, esteem needs, social needs, safety needs, Psychological needs. Firstly there is fulfilment
of basic needs like food and water and after that shelter, safety needs, esteem needs which are
fulfilled with motive of giving satisfaction to employees.
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Illustration 1: Maslow Theory
Source (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory,
2018)

Satisfied workers work in effective way for achieving goal of entity. After
meeting needs of own they will get encouraged and work for meeting objectives of David
Company (Phillips, Esterman and Kenny, 2015). One of the goal of entity is to earn profit for
this employee will fulfil demand of customers which help entity to achieve that goal. It is
working with motive of serving customer quality products satisfy consumer which help entity to
build image in market and this will facilitate in getting of popularity. This will help consumer
retention and loyalty which is very beneficial for entity. This theory focus on meeting of basic
needs and after that A David & Company Limited objectives.
ERG theory - It was developed by Alderfer which is revised form of Maslow theory. It
was developed in 1972 and he just minimises the three levels. These named as Relatedness,
Growth and Existence and focuses on once demand are met that doesn't mean it always remains
same. This theory did not get success and fail to mark on other people and not get recognised for
its work. Worker need motivation for doing work but this theory help person to recover from
stress which is boon for them. It will help in meeting demands and offering good quality services
to customers help in achieving steps of success which will increase its demand of customer and
help in maximising chances of earning of profit. This theory is working with motive of
motivating employees.
Herzberg's two factor theory- This theory was developed for bifurcation between
satisfied and dissatisfied employees (Fisher, 2015). For achieving of satisfaction five factors are
there achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility and advancement. For dissatisfaction
factors include under this are company policy and administration, salary, interpersonal
relationship and working conditions. It focuses on hygiene factor which help in motivation and
minimises dissatisfaction. Factors are more helpful for satisfying employees is helping individual
to work in peaceful environment. With getting good return in the work helps employees in better
way and facilitate working of entity. With the help of this theory help employees of A David &
Co Limited for encouragement in doing the work.
Process theories- this theory explains about the ideas which helps in changing company
for its development. This theory helps in motivation of employees which facilitate in doing work
in better way. It focuses on issues which are related to working process. Some of process theories
are Equity theory, expectancy theory.
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Equity theory- This theory refers to comparison of worker with each other to develop
skill and performance for getting equal reward that other one is receiving. Employees are
rewarded according to performance of worker if there will be any difference in the efforts which
help in making alteration to reach the desired goal of entity. This help individual by making
changes in their working and help in developing them (Pennington, 2014). For better
performance rewards are given which facilitate in motivating them. This will help worker to
review their performance and help in development of self which help person to work in efficient
way. Image of A David Company Limited will develop which is helpful for getting it popular.
Expectancy theory - this theory focuses on partly decision making which review the efforts
of end results. It depends on rewards which will get by better performer in the entity. For
performing well by workers which help entity in creating good position in market which help
entity to reach new heights of success. Performance of worker will maximise quality of services
offered by worker which help in working. Entity is working with motive of relieving worker
from stress which helps entity to move one step ahead of contenders.
TASK 3
P3 Factors that are making effective team better than ineffective team
Effective team means working together to improve quality of work which is helping
entity to achieve its goal. It is working with motive of doing of work in timely manner which is
one way by which person can develop its skills because people can learn in better way in teams.
Characteristics of effective teams are
 Teams have clear sense of purpose which help entity to work in better way. Every
employee know what thing has to do in organisation and help in performing work in
effective way (Higgs and Dulewicz, 2016).
 Effective team which is working with motive of fulfilling of customer expectation which
help entity in working with motive to generate revenue.
 Working in unity which help entity to work in better way and if any of person lacking
behind in his work other team member will help him to recover from that situation.
 This supports large organisational purpose because these people need large teams for
finishing their work on time which helps in maintaining quality of work.
 Process of sharing of work is necessary because people who are ignoring this conflict will
start among employees.
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 Effective team helps in taking decisions of cited organisation in effective way.
 With the help of good communication which help in making of good team and facilitate
in running of business smoothly.
Ineffective team which is not having the capability of achieving the goal of organisation. There
are many deficiencies prevailing in team and down the performance of A David Co Limited. It
represents that team has no cooperation with each other and quality of work is also decreasing
day by day.
Characteristics of ineffective team are
 Lacking of unity which down the performance of entity as well as workers (Touboulic
and Walker, 2015). Nobody knows about mission of entity which creates situation of
confusion.
 Disorganisation is due to ineffective team work and reason behind that individual is not
agreed to work allotted by senior members and it will affect position of team.
 Knowledge gap is one of reason which lack in team and decreasing the performance of
entity.
 When job distribution is not in equal way it will not satisfy worker and affect
performance of entity and they will not be able to fulfil their responsibilities and these are
the reasons for ineffective team.
 There is no self-analysis of work by individual due this only it falls in ineffective team
which decreases performance of entity.
For development of effective team in entity there is need to application of Tuckman’s theory.
This theory is used for developing high performance in teams. This theory is developed for
improving the performance of individual and facilitate in developing performance of entity. This
theory is developed by Bruce Tuckman's in 1965 and this consists of five stages named as
forming, storming, norming and performing. These stages are discussed as follows
 Forming - in this stage members of team are polite and humble. Some people are excited
about the work and other are anxious. Leader plays significant role because worker has
idea of doing work. This stage is for short period of because people will become familiar
with each other and get to know the habits of worker (Macdonald, Burke and Stewart,
2017). In A David Co Limited has to develop team and for this it has to implement this
theory for betterment of organisation.
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 Storming - This is the next stage of team development and under these employees
become familiar to each other very well. Storming often starts when the conflict between
team’s members. In company there are people who have different working styles that's
why unforeseen problem arises. For development of team it is necessary for worker
having good communication with each other and help in increasing the performance of A
David Company Limited.
 Norming- in this stage people will become more connected to each other and appreciate
individual work. They become socialise with each other and take help from one another
and people will develop the strong commitment to achieve team goal. It will improve the
performance quality (Christina and et.al., 2014). Both norming and storming stage
overlap with each other because when new task come up then it comes with the mistakes
which are continuing in the storming stage. This will help A David Co Limited to
achieve goals through people.
 Performing - in this stage hard work leads to success for achieving the goal. As a leader
he can distribute much for developing members of team. In this stage people can join or
leave the company and never affects performance.
 Adjourning - at this stage project on which they are working is finished now people are
moving towards their destination. Team members find it difficult to leave each other for
developing their future.
TASK 4
P4 Applicability of philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour in the context of A
David Company Limited
Philosophies and concepts of organisational behaviour refers to guidelines which are
provided by entity for improving work of employees as well as organisation. there are many
concepts and philosophies which are applied by A David Company for maintaining the
organisation behaviour. Concepts consist of two elements which are nature of people and nature
of organisation. Some of them are:
Concepts
Nature of people refers to qualities of person which differentiate from one another. In the context
of organisation there are some factors which affect the nature of people are discussed below:
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 Individual difference - this managerial approach towards the each employee
individually which help worker to feel that equal behaviour is done in organisation
(Axelsson and Easton, 2016). For example, manager of company must treat employees
equal and not judge person apart from work which are prevailing in organisation.
 Perception - it is ability of person to listen, observe and conclude something. our
opinion about people is perception. Two people cannot have similar perception about
same thing. For example, the people thinks about the working condition is good and
other people think person think that it is not good.
 Whole person- In organisation person is employed who are having the diverse back
ground with skill and knowledge. Emotional conditions is not separated from physical
condition.
 Motivated behaviour - It can be situation or some experience by which person can be
motivated. In organisation also people has two types of motivated people one are
positive and another is negative. Positive employees which always encourage other to
modify behaviour of other. Negatively motivated people always try to modify the
behaviour of other people otherwise they have to face serious results.
Nature of organisation relates to the purpose of firm. It is offering the opportunities provided in
the global market (Buckley and Ghauri, 2015). Nature of firm can be understood by social
systems, mutual interest and work ethics. Some factors which are discussed below:
 Social System- all organisations get familiar with other firms, customers and its
employees. Their behaviour is influenced by their group and individuals. There are two
type of groups one is formal and other is informal. Formal groups are made within the
working area and considered as formal social formal system. For example, worker get
interact with each other while doing the project. Informal group refers to family, friends
and people from which socialise freely and enjoy and chilling. For example, party with
friends.
 Mutual interest- both organisation and employee's need each other for survival of
business in efficient way. There must be mutual understanding between employees and
organisation which is beneficial for achieving the objectives of entity. For example, bank
is depositing money and in return they are providing the interest on it.
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 Ethics- they are the morale principle of individual, group and organisation (Andriof
and et.al., 2017). This help in attracting the employees of entity so that morale standards
are set for other one. Companies are now giving the ethical training rewards to those
who are performing the business ethically.
Path Goal theory
This theory is based in the leadership style which helps in creating the good working
environment. Various Path goal theory are discussed below:
 Directive- In this path helps in guiding its followers. It helps in making of schedules for
achieving the desirable results (Andriof and et.al., 2017). It assists A David& Co Limited
to develop effectiveness in the team.
 Supportive- Professionals of organisation makes sure that they are helping workers for
fulfilling the objectives of entity. It assists in helping proper functioning of environment.
 Participative- Individual makes sure that before taking decisions opinion of worker is
necessary (Axelsson and Easton, G., 2016). It is helping entity to make sure that
performance of employees will maximise and its productivity will increase as well.
Achievement- This represents ability of worker to face challenges in entity. It is desired from
the worker to perform the highest level of performance which help in the fulfilling the aims and
objectives of entity.
CONCLUSION
From this report it can be concluded that impact of organisational culture, politics and
power on team behaviour and performance is positive. It helps entity to grow and achieve the
objectives as well. Motivational theories help entity for encouraging employees which is
necessary for their development. Employer must motivate workers which help in their
development. It has also been discussed that there are two type of theories and they are content
and process theories. Motivated employees help David company for the achievement of
objectives. Furthermore, it had studied the reason for effective team are better than the
ineffective team because effective team is performing its work in unity. It is helping the entity to
achieve the goals of entity.
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