Organizational Behaviour: Influence of Power, Politics, and Culture on Team and Individual Behaviour

This assignment explores the influence of power, politics, and culture on team and individual behaviour and performance in the context of organizational behaviour. It also discusses various motivational theories and techniques that enable the achievement of goals within an organizational context.

Organizational
Behaviour

Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................2
TASK1........................................................................................................................................................3
P1 How an organization’s power, politics and culture influence team and individual behaviour and
performance............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Process and content theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable to achieve goals
within organizational context..................................................................................................................6
TASK 3.......................................................................................................................................................8
P3 Effective and ineffective team............................................................................................................8
TASK 4.....................................................................................................................................................10
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB within an organizational context and a given business
situation.................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is the process of understanding, managing and predicting
human behaviour of team members and individual at workplace. Within the workplace it is
important for manager and leader to understand behaviour of different people so that they can
provide guidance accordingly.Furthermore, it helps people to maintain positive working
environment so that they can easily adopt few innovative techniques of work and able to
understand each concept provided by manager or leader of firm. Therefore, concept of
organization behaviour is most considerable part of every firm (Chang and et.al., 2019). This
assignment includes TESCO organization is known as world’s best British Multinational general
merchandise and groceries retailers which are headquartered in Welwyn Garden City U.K.
Additionally, influence of power, culture and politics on others behaviour within firm. Effective
and ineffective teams through applying few motivational aspects to achieve business desired
goals. At last, several concepts or models will get covered in this report.
TASK1
P1 How an organization’s power, politics and culture influence team and individual
behaviour and performance
Within the modern world of business power and politics plays significant role in every
firm that mainly identifies the entre growth of firm for stability and successful goals. Thus,
politics and power always directly related with management along with leadership of firm. On
the other side, organizational cultures always influence behaviour of people at workplace (Zaal,
Jeurissen and Groenland, 2019).
Power: It refers to the capability of a manager to influence the overall working behavior of their
workforce and direct them to perform in the right direction to achieve the desired objective in the
given period of time.
Culture: Over all form of working environment that is part of an organization. Every
organization has a particular type of culture that is prevailing in the organization and it affects
the working behavior of their entire workforce. It is also related to the overall way in which

organization is able to make their employees perceive their culture and adapt to the working
policies and procedures.
Politics: Politics is deferred to the power that is used by individual and it arises out of the social
networking that is part of organization for achieving their goals. It is always influenced by
individual behavior and it may lead to personal interest according to the available position.
Workplace politics is referred to as a process and the overall behavior that is arising out of
human interactions and also consists of the authority and power. It is the tool that is used for the
purpose of assessing operational capacity and for the purpose of balancing diverse view of all the
interested parties. That is why it is regarded as the organization politics and the office politics.
Critical evaluation of Handy's cultural model:
There are certain effects of using the handy's cultural typological model. It helps in
understanding the different types of culture that is part of every organization and how they can
help in developing a detailed understanding of all the types of culture. In Tesco there is use of
person culture where a employee is able to perform well and focus on the different essential
aspects that is helping in enhancing the productivity of overall organization. Hofstede's cultural
dimensions theory is also very helpful in understanding, various indexes that can affect the
working of organization like Tesco. It helps in understanding the reasonable impact of each of
the index and how its negative impact can be minimized. Organization power is also a very
crucial factor there must be use of reward power in Tesco so that there is proper motivation of
employee.
In regards with TESCO there are different types of cultures, power and politics followed
by management team of this firm in order to achieve targeted goals in relation with maximization
overall productivity of firm. These are mentioned below:
Organizational culture:
Culture depends upon different types of ideologies, values, norms, beliefs and prevails at
workplace of firm. In regards with TESCO, human resource manager is responsible to develop
positive working environment for employees so that they can manage their work and able to
achieve their targeted goals in an effective manner. It directly influences team and individual

behaviour in a positive manner. In addition to this through attaining positive culture at workplace
always motivates people in a perfect way so that they canachieve their targeted goals within
short period of time. There are different types of culture followed by manager of TESCO, those
are mentioned in beneath:
Role culture:It refers to the particular process in which manager plays crucial role
through providing best guidelines to team members and individual according to their skills and
knowledge. In regards with Tesco through adopting this culture they are able to increase their
productivity and working efficiency of employees so that they can achieve their targeted goals
within specific period of time (Lee and et.al., 2019).
Task culture: According to this type of culture team members of firm are able to found
several alternatives for different issues that can be happen at workplace in any time. In regards
with Tesco, with the help of this culture they are able to allot working task to their employees in
order to increase their working progress within the competitive scenario. Further it helps them to
achieve organizational goals and influence teams in a positive manner.
Person culture:According to this culture person feels themselves superior within any
kind of business. In the context of Tesco, execution of this person culture influence firm as
employees are able to perform well and focus on every essential aspect to increase entire
productivity of firm and make firm valuable.
Power culture: On the bass of this culture, high authority of firm has the power to review
several strategies and analyze different types of issues at workplace. In order to execution of
such kind of culture within respective organization directly influence people so that they can get
high motivate and manage their work in an effective way (Stewart,Courtright and Manz, 2019).
Thus, it can be said that role culture is one of the most essential aspect for Tesco which is
considered as helpful approach to satisfy employee’s needs and wants s that they can get high
motivated in a perfect way. It is also help firm to maximize productivity with huge profitability
in order to achieve competitive advantages.
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory
This theory was originated by Geert Hofstede in the year of 1980. It refers to the specific
framework which includes different types of cultural dimensions, those are as follows:
Power Distance Index:It identifies high value of power. It increase establishment of
governmental policies for firm to achieve desired goals.

Individualism vs. Collectivism:As per this team members are able to achieve their goals
within the stipulated time. Thus, it focuses on collective and individual aspect of firm’s
employees towards achievement of targeted goals.
Uncertainty Avoidance Index:Avoiding index is always high rather than the tolerance
of anxiety, risk taking along with strict rules.
Masculinity vs. Femininity:It can be difficult as it involves attitude and beliefs as per
workers in order to achieve targeted goals.
Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Orientation:In regards with long term and
short term goals respective firm able to achieve its targeted goals in a successful way.
Indulgence vs. Restraint:It is based on mind set of people as what they think about
achievement of targeted goals. It also considered as controllable factor which is developed by
people within society (Lyskova, 2019).
Organizational power:
Power refers to the several kinds of activities or strategies which are managed and
controlled by high authorities of firm in order to perform well towards achievement of targeted
goals. In regards with Tesco there are 2 types of power that are:
Coercive power:It is very different from reward power. It refers to the aptitude to impose
punishment which identifies to potency someone to do something beside his wish. For example:
If Tesco use this type of power than it can have direct impact on employee’s performance and
they feel demotivates.
Reward power:It is considered as special power in which someone handle the overall
distribution of rewards to other people. In context of Tesco this power is used by manager and
leaders in order to give huge benefits among employees so that they can get huge motivation and
achieve goals on time.
Organizational politics:
It is based on two types of politics in which one of part of firm politics includes the
person who has work accordingly through getting those employees who works in a perfect way
(Yadav and Morya, 2019). On the other side second part of firm politics includes such kind of
game in with employees work together through considering overall negative issues of firm. Thus,

itdirectly has both negative and positive impact on firm. In regards with Tesco, both kinds of
politics run together. However, managers and leaders of this firm always try to put positive
politics at working place in order to motivate their employees so that they can increase their
productivity in front of others. At the same time few employees are not able to gain proper
guidelines provided by firm that develop negativity so that they cannot achieve their goals and
create negative working environment. Thus, this can be said that respective firm should always
follow positive working environment through overcome negative issues from the firm so that it
affect employees or team members positively and they can work in a different mode to achieve
specific goals towards industry.
As per the above mentioned information towards different types of culture, power and
politics it has been analyzed that, Tesco should always focus on their numerous factors or future
aspects in order to provide better guideline to their employees in order to run their business in a
successful manner. Along with this, they should fulfill their employee’s demand on time which
directly increases firm’s value or productivity. Further it helps them to achieve targeted goals in
a competitive scenario (Chang and et.al., 2019).
TASK 2
P2 Process and content theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable to
achieve goals within organizational context
Employee’s motivation is most considerable part for every firm in which leaders and
managers are required to consider energy, abilities and competences of every employee. Along
with this, they also applied numerous theories for motivation which is followed by employees in
order to achieve targeted goals in a successful manner. In regards with Tesco, leaders and
manager always able to motivate their workforces in a perfect way by which they can achieve its
desired results within short time. There are different types of theory with motivational
techniques, those are as follows:
Content theory: This theory includes different types of internal factors that influence
overall behaviour of individual in a positive manner. In this motivation considered as one of the

main driver which is played by leaders and managers in order to fulfill employ’s needs or
demand in a perfect way. There are few motivational techniques those are mentioned below:
Maslow’s Hierarchy theory:
This theory were formed in the year of 1954 by having purpose of provide huge
motivational techniques to every human so that they can work without any kind of burden. In
regards with Tesco this is followed by them so that they can sustain with their needs within the
hierarchical order (Miller, 2019). Along with this theory includes few types, which are:
Physiological needs:It consist several needs like food, water, machines, human physical
needs and many more for better survival. In regards with organization these assorted needs based
on salary of employees.
Security and safety needs:It refers to the secure and safe environment from emotional
suffering. In an organization safety plays crucial role along with job securities. Thus, firms are
needed to provide such kind of facilities to their employees.
Social needs:It refers to the proper care and love. In the firm al employees needs to build
great relations with their colleagues to work in a perfect manner.
Self-esteem needs:It is based on self-image through attaining huge appreciation, attention
along with better identity at marketplace of firms. It directly influence employees so that they
can understand their responsibility and achieve goals on time.
Self-actualization needs:It is most considerable part of this theory which is called highest
wants of employees in particular department. Herein, employees commonly want better job with
huge opportunities. Thus, firm is needed to provide such kind of chance for them to so that they
can work effectively.
Process theories:This theory directly defines that how behaviour sustained, initiated and
directed that shows the relationship among several variables and formulates so many
motivational ways for workforce. With the help of this Tesco is able to focuses on several
decision making process towards motivation at workplace. Along with this theory includes
Vroom’s expectancy theory, which is mentioned under:

Vroom Expectancy theory:
This theory was mentioned by Victor Vroom in 1964 which includes so many factors like
performance and efforts of employees and many more. In this, managers and leaders mainly
require to motivate their team members in order to improve their working performance by having
aim of achieving better outcomes. Some of the elements of this theory are given below:
Expectancy:It is based upon strong belief which is desired by employees as per their
working performance. With the help of tis they can achieve their results in a perfect way, In
relation with Tesco, managers and leaders always fulfill their employ’s desires first so that they
can encourage them towards better work or able to achieve their wanted results in competitive
scenario. Thus, employees have high expectation from them to increase overall productivity of
firm.
Instrumentality:It shows the employees belief which is based their entire performance of
working level so that they can get rewards as per their work. In regards with Tesco level of
working performance of their employees is very high due to get huge motivation form firm. With
the help of performing better they can achieve their targeted goals and get promotions in a
frequent manner. It makes firms productive and profitable in a perfect way.
Valence:It refers to the overall performance of individual at workplace in order to fulfill
objectives of firm. Along with it satisfy employee’s needs so that they can achieve their goals
within limited time. In relation with Tesco, it is essential for managers and leaders to create so
many strategies for giving motivation to employees it also develops best relationship between
both and increase high sales and revenue for firm.
It has been critically evaluated from the above mentioned theories that if firm is able to
follow different types of intrinsic or extrinsic theories of motivation they can achieve desired
results in a successful manner. In which employees are not needed to put huge efforts for
achievement of targeted goals within intrinsic approach. On the other side, employees are needed
to develop great morale to accomplish their goals within extrinsic approach. Thus, both aspect of
motivation increase working level of employees and make them energetic towards work. These
types of situation always affect team members and individual in a positive manner (Islam,
Ahmed and Ali, 2019).

Critical evaluation:
From the above discussion of the Maslow's hierarchy theory it can be said that there are some
demerits associated with Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. It cannot be verified empirically as
there is no proper method of measuring accurately how much satisfied a particular employee can
be according to the situation. There is also a scenario that this model is only considering a
narrow segment of the human population and this story is very culture won't that it is not
accepted countries like Africa or Asia. But Maslow's hierarchy theory can be easily applied in
case of Tesco being a part of retail organsuiation of UK another theory vroom’s expectancy
theory it will help in understanding the employee’s belief and expectancy according to their
present level of performance.
TASK 3
P3 Effective and ineffective team
In every business team’s plays crucial role at workplace through performing several
activities. There are different types of team like product, project and quality teams and so on.
With the help of team members firms can make their desired goals and develop best decision
towards increasing profitable goals and revenue. There are two types of effective and ineffective
teams, those are as follows:
Effective teams:These teams includes 2 or more individual who commonly work
together to achieve same goals in perfect way. In regards with Tesco, leader use several kind of
theories in order to encourage employees towards work that enhance firm’s productivity in an
efficient way. Some of the characteristics of these teams are mentioned below:
Clear purpose:Effective team members always have clear aim to understand entire
concepts to the achievement of desired goals.
Open communication:In this, Teams mainly focuses on their opinions and views by
which they can easily communicate with each other.

Creativity:Effective teams mainly think innovative to overcome so many issues among
accomplish desired goals.
Ineffective teams:These types of teams consists conflicts, competition, unfocused and
many more. In regards with Tesco, this type of team members create difficulties at workplace
and not able to fulfill firm’s requirements (Yu and Davis, 2019).
Lack of consistency:These types of teams not able to meet desired goals along with face
this of errors such as ineffective communication, problem share and many more. Thus, it is
essential for them to work in a perfect way by which they can overcome their issues frequently.
Negativity and errors:In these characteristics, employees of firm not able to develop their
goals and face so many problems every time. It directly influences overall performance of firm in
front of their competitors. Thus, they are needed to implements on new strategies for overcome
errors and negativity.
Difference between effective and ineffective team
Meaning Effective teams are those who
involve within the ample
number of group and put high
effort to attain fixed goals.
Ineffective teamsThose who
work with so many problems
at working place.
Leadership style Effective teamuse supportive
leadership style by which they
can get huge motivation.
Ineffective teamdepends on
directive leadership to
overcome problems.
There is several kind of concept and theories which are used by firm to develop better
teams who can easily manage their work and able to deal with difficult situations. Herein
ineffective teams need to learn so many concepts for attaining better results in future. In regards
with Tesco, they mainly applied communication method in order to formulate better team by
which they can achieve their desired goals within specific timeframe.
Critical Evalauation:

Negative aspects of effective and ineffective team are very important to be analyzed. So, that
there can be maximization of the productivity of all the members of effective team. On the other
hand it also helps in minimizing the characteristics of people who are part of an effective team.
In case of Tesco there can be proper maximization of these types of effective teams, show that
there can be proper contribution made by defective team with the help of their clear purpose
creativity and open communication channels.
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB within an organizational context and a given business
situation
Organizational Behavior is the study of activities and performance of the group and
individual within the organization. Organizational behavior study examines the behavior of
human and analyzes or determines the impact of their behavior on the work. This is simply the
study of human behavior in the organization. Organization behavior is concerned with the
characteristics, features and behaviors of employees in the organization (Mesdaghinia, Rawatand
Nadavulakere, 2019). One cannot understand an individual behavior completely without learning
something about individual organization. The organization influenced and determined by the
humans. In present report TESCO Company is taken into consideration. TESCO is the British
multinational retailer established in 1919. The company deals ingroceries and general
merchandise, cloths, homeware and electronics; they provide high and best quality products to
the customers. TESCO concerned with the understanding, prediction and control of the human
behavior in the company. Company applies the concept of organizational behavior on individuals
working in the company in order to make organization work more effectively. There are some
fundamental concepts of organization behavior which involves –
 Individual differences – Every individual is different from another individual in terms of
their intelligence, personality, physic, and capacity etc. The concept of individual
difference is formed from the field of psychology it is assumed that every individual is

differing from another from their birth. But different and unique experiences which
individual faces during various stages of life make individual more different. It is
important for TESCO’s manager to have knowledge about individual differences to get
best and better out of the employees, managers have to maintain proper record while
assigning different tasks to different employees.
 Good human relations – organizational behavior is attempted to maintain and manage
interpersonal relationships between employees and employers. Organizational behavior
provides direction how to maintain good relations with employees and how to solve their
conflict and problems. OB help in maintaining effective and good organizational climate
or environment by developing good interpersonal relation, hygienic working condition,
appropriate compensation, better and safe working environment and effective leadership,
employee’s participation etc. TESCO maintain good relationship between employees and
employers by providing them good working culture, fair remuneration, resolve their
conflicts and this increase the level of performance of the employees.
 Motivation of Human Resources – In the field of OB there is motivated managers who
motivate the employees by providing them various kinds of rewards, awards and
appreciates the employees on the basis of quality their performance and work. Every
employee has different perception according to their personality so managers try to
motivate employees according to their perception. TESCO company’s managers always
try to motivate their employees by appreciate them for their performance and also giving
them reward, bonus for their accomplishment of tasks (Miller, 2019).
 Desire for involvement – Every employee seek opportunities to involve in the decision
making and share want they know and to learn from the new experiences, every
employee want to contribute their thoughts and ideas in the organization. Therefor
companies need to provide chance to express, share their thoughts, ideas and suggestions
for decisions making problem. A meaningful involvement of employees is beneficial for
both the employees as well as for the organization. TESCO Company involves their
employees in decision making to gain the mutual benefits.
 The concept of whole person in the organization – This concept shows that on
employees’ knowledge and skills are not important for the organization for employee’s
better performance companies need to take care of employee’s personal life, feelings,

emotions etc. in order to achieve the organizational goal companies need to focus on
individuals’ goal. TESCO always taking care of their employees feelings, needs and
wants and encourage them to achieve goal of the organization.
 Dignity of workforce – Every organization needs to treat their employees and staff with
respect and dignity. If company not give respect to their workforce, then the company is
no longer able maintain their image in the market. When company pay fair remuneration
to their and appreciate their employee’s performance this indicates that management give
respect to the dignity of workforce or labour. TESCO Company gives respect to their
employees because they consider their employees as a profitable asset of the company.
 Social System – An organization is the collection of the individual who work on the
common goal of the organization. There are two types of social system in the
organization, first is formal system in this system company developing authority and
responsibility for employees. Second is informal system in this system employees
naturally develop environment due to such factors friendship, personal likes and dislikes.
TESCO Company maintains good social system in the organization in order to achieve
the organizational goal.
Path goal theory of leadership:
First propose in the 1974 by house Mitchel it was made up with the objective of helping
organizations in achieving their desired objective according to the predetermined time period.
This story is very helpful in easy identification of various styles of leadership that can help in
bringing out maximum output for employees. Tesco this theory can help in focusing on
employee characteristics and environmental features.
Classification of this model is mentioned below:
1) Employee characteristic: This theory will help in enhancing the skill of employees and
their capabilities to assess the process of distinctive conduct. Index code it will help in
providing a structure that will be required and it is the prime responsibility of the leader to
have a detailed understanding of the characteristics their entire workforce.

2) Environmental characteristics: According to this theory leaders will assess the execution
of assessing the each person shortcoming. Path goal theory will help leaders will be
identifying all the issues that are being faced by their employees in the workforce and
according to it for the training programs will be developed. Some of the commonly curing
features of are mentioned below:
1) Designing of the task leader has to describe all the roles and responsibilities according to
the specific employee behavior.
2) Managers or leaders have to assign proper goal according to the formal authority system.
3) There must be maximization of the contribution of each individual to the group behavior
4) There is leadership style that will help in directing the managers and leaders to make the
necessary decisions according to the employee feedback.
5) Participative leadership style will help in directing the leaders and managers and
involving employee in the overall process of decision making.
Critical evaluation:
From discussed theories it can be said that part Path goal theory, it is one of the very
important theories of team development that can be adopted in case of Tesco and there can be
use of this model for the purpose of understanding different culture motivation power
associated with each team member. This Theory we will also help in understanding what are
the various employee characteristics and the environmental characteristics. Leaders and
Managers in Tesco will have increased focus on the conducting various workshops for their
staff members so that they are able to introduce necessary skills capabilities and knowledge it
will also help in making decisions regarding the overall working culture and particular style
of leadership so that there can be proper direction provided to employees. In regards with so
many theories and models according to me it has been concluded it is essential for Tesco to
use such kind of philosophies in order to gain successful output to beat competition. Thus, it

is necessary for every firm to follow such kind of philosophies in order to achieve desired
goals along with reduce errors from the firm (Johnson and Umphress, 2019).

CONCLUSION
As per the mentioned report it has been evaluated that, organization behaviour is one of
the best field of study in order to focus on overall activities which is performed by employees,
leaders and managers at workplace. In addition to this, this study includes so many types of
power, culture and politics of particular firm which is used by them to encourage or understand
employees at different level. Along with using so many theories and concepts firm is able to
develop different types of strategies by which they can encourage their employees and able to
create positive working culture within firm. At last, there are several kind of leadership theories
and explanation of effective or ineffective team that increase overall profit with huge sales and
revenue of firm in an effective mode.

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