Organisational Behaviour: Models, Impact of Culture, Role of Culture on Employee Motivation

This document explores the models of organisational behaviour, the impact of culture on organisation efficiency and communication, and the role of culture in employee motivation. It also discusses how culture enhances success in organisations.

Organisational Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Models on organisational behaviour............................................................................................3
Impact of culture on Organisation efficiency and communication.............................................4
Role of culture on employee motivation-....................................................................................6
Culture enhancing success...........................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the analysis of human behaviour at a workplace setting. The
main goal behind organisational behaviour is to regenerate organisational theory and forming a
better source of conceptualization in an individual’s organisational life. It is a study of an
individual or a group of member’s performance on an activity across an organisation. Morison is
the chosen organization for the analyses in this report. Morrison is one of the largest super
market chain of UK which tend to provide wide range of products to customers. There are
various theories which the way an individual behaves in an organisational workplace. The
culture within the organisation has many effects on an individual’s performance. Organisational
behaviour revolves around some fundamental concepts depending on nature of people.
MAIN BODY
Models on organisational behaviour
Power of generalization helps an individual to predict the behaviours of another human.
Organizational behaviour is a study which helps in increasing the ability to predict and
understand behaviour of people present in a group and to identify its impacts on the overall
performance of the organisation (Ahiaga-Dagbui and et.al, 2020). There are five types of
organisational models:
Autocratic model: This gives the power to the owners and managers to make certain
decisions and make the people working in the Morrison to obey their order. This model is helpful
for the employees to perform well stay motivated when managers are doing all the thinking. The
authorities hold the power to command other people. Theory of X by McGregor states that
employers do not take responsibility and mangers have to supervise their work in order to obtain
the desired results. Work culture is changing and being modernised but this model is still proving
helpful in keeping the employees motivated.
Custodial model: Employers are now thinking about the safety and security of
employees working under them. This can be social or economic security and managers are trying
to understand their needs (Chipunza and Malo, 2017). When the employees are not given any
chance to speak up their needs and issues, they become aggressive and frustrated and due to this
entire community suffer and often produce bad performance results. Therefore, employers and
managers nor focus on the ways to develop better relations with employees and boosting their

morale. Custodial approach provides economic security in for of high pay scale, giving out many
forms of health benefits, transport service and may other forms of incentives. These factors help
an individual to achieve the satisfaction level and give them a competitive advantage. In order to
make an employee stay committed to the organisation, manager should retain them, reduce their
workload, freeze the hiring process and support them in every way possible. Custodial approach
helps employees to showcase their dependency and commitment towards the company and not
the supervisor or manager (Ecke, 2018). Employees are preoccupied from their compensation
which might make them happy working individuals but not productive one’s.
Supportive model: This model focuses on motivating and aspire leader. There is no form
of control by managers or any authority, there are no rewards or incentives given in this model.
Supportive model is simply to motivate the staff members by establishing a good employee
relationship and treating them well. This model helps in creating a positive work environment by
encouraging their ideas and applying it into organisational setup of Morrison. There was a study
on human behaviour at work by setting up a sociological or psychological perspective. It was
concluded that an individual working in an organisation in a social system is a crucial part of this
system. Suggestions made were having a better understanding of group dynamics with
supportive supervision in order to make worker contribute their best to the business.
Collegial Model: There is no boss nor any subsidiary people, everyone in the company
are supposed to work as team. Each employee has his full participation and coordinating with
one another to achieve the organisation’s desired goals and targets. Nobody here worries about
their status or title of the job. Manager behaves like a coach, guiding their team to build a healthy
motivated work culture and perform well.
Impact of culture on Organisation efficiency and communication
Organization is the group of individuals who have gathered together to achieve a common target.
Since employees from different cultural and geographic areas are being gathered together, due to
which it becomes important that a proper bidirectional communication is being established
among employees (Haleem and Jehangir, 2017). This is important due to the fact that Morrison
is having different departments as well in which each departments is being allotted an individual
task. Due to which it becomes very important for the organization a proper synchronism is being

established between departments. By which overall organizational work efficiency can be
increased.
In order to improve the overall effectiveness of the communication, several cultural
theories are being implemented within the organization through which effectiveness of
communication can be increased. In order to improve the overall communication two,
organizational communication theories are often being used. Following are the two different
organizational theories.
Great man Theory- The theory states that employees need to have a clear understanding about
the organizational requirement. Due to which the employee on the higher organizational position
tend act in such a way that it is able to showcase a clear approach to the task achievement. This
is necessary because employee often tend to integrate innovative approach within their working
process. Which will resource Morrison with a new approach, by which desired target can be
achieved (Alyami, 2020). Therefore, the leadership tend to act in such a way that employees are
able to self evaluate their performance and identify the performance gap.
Since employee are self motivated to implement change within their working process,
due to which less number of resistance from employees can also be seen, to implement change. It
is also effective for the company because organizational expenditures to provide training to the
employees is also being reduced. Due to which the organization has to assure that employees on
the higher level are able to implement innovative approach. Through which they can assure, that
they are being able to improve their working and perform their professional activities like a role
model.
Contingency Theory of communication- Contingency theory of communication is an
behavioural approach, which tend to showcase that their no fixed approach for establishing a
proper communication among employees. The theory states that in order to implement the
contingency theory of communication, organizational leadership has to implement several
approaches. Thus in order to implement the contingency theory of communication, the leadership
tends to implement several approaches (Tarba and et.al, 2019). This can be integrated in two
stage, firstly the leadership tend to implement consideration about the Morrison requirements
and employee working behaviour. Once it is able to identify their expertise and working
capabilities then arises the second stage. This stage tends to initiate structure, in which specific
tasks are being provided to the employees.

This is an effective approach because since the specific tasks are being provided to the
employees and when they are working an respective department. The contingency theory of
communication is effective because individual tasks are being provided to employees, on the
bases of their expertises. But also on the other hand the company also faces limitations, this
happens due to the fact that since organization often have large number of employee. With that it
becomes complicated to closely monitor the work expertise of each employee. However, despite
of this limitation the contingency theory of communication is often being used by organization to
improve the overall effectiveness of their working process.
Role of culture on employee motivation-
Culture is the way in which organizational activities are being done, due to which it is
important for organization that it is able to implement organizational culture such that it is able to
motivate employees to increase their working process.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs- This theory is being segregated within various factors which are
as following.
Psychological needs- This is a type of employee requirement in which the employee is having
basic requirements which consist of food, water and shelter (Tomic and et.al, 2018). Due to
which it becomes important for the Morrison that it is able to take suitable steps by which that
basic requirement of the employees is being fulfilled. Thus in order to provide these services
organization has to assure that it is able to take appropriate steps by which specific customer
requirements can be fulfilled. Through this organization can assure that employees are able to
concentrate on their respective tasks, but this also increases Morrison’s expenditures.
Safety needs- Once the basic needs of the employees is being fulfilled then arises this stage in
which the employee seek for the security needs which comprises on job security and work place
safety. This is an important requirement and due to which organization also has to assure that it
is able to take appropriate steps by which it is able to assure employees that they are able to
achieve a proper job security. Thus by developing appropriate working culture it is able to
influence employees to increase their level of engagement with the organization by which overall
work productivity can be increased.
Belonging needs- This is the employee need in which it seeks to fulfil its requirement of love
and trustful friendship. Due to which it is important for the organization that it is able to develop
proper working culture by which employees are being empowered to establish a proper

communication with other organizational employee. It is an important step because with this
approach it tend to ensure that employees are being able to discuss the issues which they are
facing. Therefore, this will improve the problem solving skills of the employees by which high
work productivity can be accomplished.
Esteem- In this stage the employee seeks to achieve a higher position within the group and due
to which is being influenced to take appropriate steps by which it can achieve a higher position
within the group. Thus in order to achieve this Morrison has to ensure that it is able to take
appropriate step by which it ensures that it is able to achieve a higher position. Therefore in order
to provide a proper working condition within the organization has to provide proper working
opportunities to the organization, by which they are having an opportunity to surpass their
working range.
Self actualization- It is the organizational approach in which employee tend to make several
efforts by which it will be able to achieve a position which was never being achieved. Thus, due
to which the employee make efforts like learning new skills and talents by which new skills can
be learned. Through this step it ensures that it is able to make several efforts by which overall
high work productivity can be achieved (Van Bussel, 2020). Sine high level of engagement of
employee can be seen in employee in terms of providing improving new performance, due to
which new targets have to be provided to employees by which Morrison can ensure that it is able
to provide products such that out of the box result can be achieved.
Culture enhancing success
Culture is the way in which organizational activities are done and it is the approach
which makes a significant impact upon the working process within the company. Since
organizational working process is being affected with this approach, due to which companies
often tend to implement several approaches. Through which it ensures that an concentrated
actions are being established on achievement of an common target. This can be seen in the fact
that, companies has to ensure that they are being able to develop new product, by which level of
engagement of existing organizational customer base can be improved. Due to which
organizational teams are often being developed in which individual tasks are being allotted to
employees on the bases of their expertise, thus with approach company assures that the
developed product will be having advantages of previous product. While also at the same time, it
will be able to provide new benefits to the customers as well.

Organizational culture to implement change within the working process, this is an
effective approach which states company’s point of view for providing new products to its
customers. Thus by having an culture such that organizations are most likely to implement
change will allow it to ensure its customers that they are being able to achieve new product. Such
that their requirements can be fulfilled, which will increase their level of engagement with the
company and thus the chances of brand switching can be reduced (Smollan and Morrison, 2019).
However this is not as efficient as it is being said because the employees have to evaluate that it
is being able to provide a products such that specific customer requirement can be fulfilled.
Proper task management is also an effective organizational approach because in which
approach organizational teams are being developed for the achievement of an common target.
This is an efficient approach because through this approach it tend to ensure that each employee
is able to make collaborative effort by which the overall creativity of the developing project can
be increased. This is an effective approach because by developing an team Morrison tend to
assure that it is being able to develop a product such that it is able to fulfil customer
requirements.
Fast conflicts resolution, is also an appropriate benefit which is often being associated with
the organizational culture. This happens because since the employees are being empowered to
establish a proper bidirectional communication, due to which it is being able to develop a proper
working strategy. Through which all the respective stake holders are being having a proper
understanding about their respective targets and on that bases perform their operations.
CONCLUSION
From the above evaluation it can be identified that organizations have to ensure that they are
being able to develop a proper organizational culture, through which employees are being
empowered to discuss the issues which they are facing with the higher organizational authority.
Through this step organization can ensure that employee’s are being empowered to collaborate
their ideas, through which they can find appropriate solution for an respective issue. Thus by
properly collaborating and discussion problem solving skills of the employees which will
improve company’s performance within the market place. With that it can also be identified that
organizations have to implement several working measures by which employees can be
motivated to implement improvisation within their working process. Through which the overall

performance of the company can be improved and it will be able to provide new and innovate
products to the customers by which sales can be increased.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ahiaga-Dagbui, D.D. and et.al, 2020. Building high-performing and integrated project
teams. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.
Chipunza, C. and Malo, B., 2017. Organizational culture and job satisfaction among academic
professionals at a South African university of technology. Problems and Perspectives in
management, (15, Iss. 2). pp.148-161.
Ecke, J., 2018. The British Comic Book Invasion: Alan Moore, Warren Ellis, Grant Morrison
and the Evolution of the American Style (Vol. 64). McFarland.
Haleem, F. and Jehangir, M., 2017. Strategic Management Practices by Morrison PLC, UK.
Analysis, Lessons and Implications. Middle East Journal of Business. 55(4182). pp.1-7.
Smollan, R.K. and Morrison, R.L., 2019. Office design and organizational change: The influence
of communication and organizational culture. Journal of Organizational Change
Management.
Tarba, S.Y. and et.al, 2019. The impact of organizational culture differences, synergy potential,
and autonomy granted to the acquired high-tech firms on the M&A performance. Group
& Organization Management. 44(3). pp.483-520.
Tomic, I. and et.al, 2018. An empirical study of employee loyalty, service quality, cost reduction
and company performance. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja. 31(1). pp.827-
846.
Van Bussel, G.J., 2020. A Sound of Silence. Organizational Behaviour and Enterprise
Information Management. Papers on Information and Archival Studies, I, Van Bussel
Document Services, Helmond. xii. 109.
Online
Alyami, K., 2020, Great man Theory. [Online]. Available through:<
https://www.communicationtheory.org/great-man-theory/>