Impact of Civilisation, Politics and Authority on Organisational Behaviour

This article discusses the impact of civilisation, politics and authority on organisational behaviour. It explores the influence of organisational culture, politics and power on individuals and teams, and suggests various theories to motivate individuals and teams for achieving goals.

Unit 12
Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
PART - 1.................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1....................................................................................................................................................3
P1. State the impact of civilisation, politics and authority on organisational behaviour...................3
TASK 2....................................................................................................................................................7
P2. Suggest various theories to motivate individuals and teams for achieving goal..........................7
PART - 2.................................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3....................................................................................................................................................9
P3. Explain the participation of workers in team to co-operate with others.....................................9
TASK 4..................................................................................................................................................12
P4. Discuss the philosophy of organisational behaviour at various situations.................................12
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................13
RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
The management and leadership style adopted by an enterprise for encouraging workers to
perform task with eagerness and in effective manner is termed as organisational behaviour. The main
purpose of managers is to provide guidance for improvement in employees working style. The
organisation selected for this project is Apple as being an American multinational technological
company headquartered in Cupertino, California, United States. In this project, the custom, politics
and authority which impacts organisational behaviour have been stated. It further suggests various
theories to motivate individuals and teams for target achievement (Aydon and et.al., 2016). This
project, additionally explains the participation of workers in a team by co-operating with other
members. It further discusses the various philosophies of organisational behaviour at diverse
situations for developing stability of company.
PART - 1
TASK 1
P1. State the impact of civilisation, politics and authority on organisational behaviour
The organisation behaviour refers as managers directs and controls actions of workers by
enforcing them to develop good relations with each other to collaborate effectively. It develops
opportunity for individuals, teams and organisation to complete target at particular duration.
Managers of Apple focus on working style of employees by analysing their performance management
for identifying the task done with time consumption.
Apple:- The Apple is an multinational technological company that is located in California,
United States. It used to design, develop electronic gadgets for selling it to customers through online
services. This organisation was founded by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak at 1st April,
1976. The company have further expanded its business with 510 retail stores in 2020 with 137,000
numbers of employees in 2019. Its website is www.apple.com and ISIN is US0378331005 as well as
compete with rivalries that are Dell, Samsung, etc.
Civilisation of organisation:- It is described as culture of business to share values,
assumptions and beliefs of workers with one another that develops co-ordination and increase their
potential power to complete task on time (Carugati and et.al., 2018). This includes innovative ideas,
aggressive, outcome-oriented, team working, detail instruction, etc. Managers of Apple focus on this

for developing good environment among people as being inspired by leaders to perform their actions
in effective manner.
Organisational culture influence upon individual:- The managers of Apple are beneficial
as these organisational culture influence individuals by developing understanding to respect for one
another to motivate workers for performing their best actions towards business goals.
Organisational culture influence upon teamwork:- Apple managers further focus on
developing good teamwork that leads to collaborate with each other as an effective team to achieve
the specific target.
Handy Culture:- This model emphasize on power, role, task and person within an
organisation that are to be properly managed for achieving vision and mission. It was announced by
administrative consultant named Charles Handy as being known for the God of Management. The
managers of Apple implement this model as to analyse various rules for bureaucracy, decision-
making that leads to delegate roles and responsibility in accordance with capability of workers.
 The power:- Managers of an organisation have the power to monitor and control actions of
employees by taking harsh decisions for labour activities. Example:- Directors have the
authority of delegating roles and responsibility to workers and expecting from them to
complete in as per directions. Here, if apple opt this culture then it tends to negatively
influence the overall performance of employees as they start thinking that their opinions and
suggestions are not worthy for company that leads to discourage them.
 The role:- It refers as the task allotted to one candidate has to be performed effectively that
leads company to attain success (Coetzer, Bussin and Geldenhuys, 2017). For this, if apple
opt this culture then they need to make sure that the task is assigned to those employees who
are specialised and trained properly in order to increase the overall performance of company.
 The task:- This is defined as goal or target of an individual or team that has to be
accomplished in certain period that results for stability of organisation. Example:- Marketing
managers of Apple allots target for sales person to 20 electronic gadgets in one month to its
customers. Here, apple can opt this culture as it put positive impact on the overall
performance of company in terms of describing their goals and objectives and here,
organisation tends to fulfil both individual and organisational goals.
 The person:- It is the capability of person to perform its task with specialisation that
eliminates errors which restricts delay in goal accomplishment. In this, if respective company
opt this culture then it negatively impact the performance of company as in this, individuals
are more concern for their performance and objective and they only perform for themselves.

Organisational Politics:- This is described as the process through which managers of an
organisation directs and guides workers to complete their task in particular scenario by developing
their skills and knowledge.
Managers of Apple focus on this politics as to instruct workers through formal and informal
procedure for revising their actions that usher company to sustain at international market.
 Its positive impact:- The organisational politics is positively impacted by rocks and high
ground strategy that leads to achieve individual and organisational goals at formal level by
providing expertise to workers with delegation of roles (Feather, 2016).
 Its negative Impact:- The organisational politics is negatively impacted by weeds and woods
that adversely affect stability of business in goal achievement at informal level at which
workers restricts to follow the instructions of directors. This further creates implicit norms,
hidden assumptions and does not analyse the emotions of workers.
Organisational politics influence upon individual:- Apple managers have the capability to
understand the circumstances, situation and emotions of its workforce by analysing their problems
and granting them leaves as per their essential requirements. It builds good image of director and
company in front of workers and encourages them to perform their task with specialisation in future
period.

Organisational politics influence upon teamwork:- The managers of Apple further
encourage workers to share their views and information by building good employee association that
result in active participation of workers with co-ordination.
Authority of organisation:- This is defined as power of managers to direct workers for
completing the task at certain period as per their requirement. Managers of Apple emphasize on this
for analysing the activities done by its workforce for achieving success efficiently. The company
further aims to compete with rivalries through developing their high strategies that creates threats for
others.
Organisational power influence upon individual:- The managers of Apple are highly
beneficial with organisational power that grants roles and responsibility to selected candidate which
builds enthusiasm and eagerness among workers to complete their task with efficacy. It further
focuses on guiding the inactive workers to complete their job roles with perfection for restricting
delay in goal accomplishment.
Organisational power influence upon teamwork:- Apple managers focus on developing
good teamwork through delegating the duty and accountability for its workers in accordance with
their perfection that leads company to achieve goal efficiently with full utilisation of scarce resources.
French & Raven model:- This model is adopted by managers of Apple for analysing the link
between power and leadership styles for completing the specific target. It is essential for organisation
to manage the co-ordination with leaders and workers for achieving victory.
 The reward:- It is the process through which managers focus on performance management of
workforce by analysing their actions at certain time. This result in providing benefits to
workers through monetary and non-monetary rewards that builds morale and leads to attain
more awards through giving best performance. In regard of apple, it tends to put positive
impact on the overall performance of individuals as it tends to encourage them to perform
prominent goals and objectives.
 The legitimacy:- This refers as the power of manager which impose authority on employees
to perform task when and where required. Managers of Apple further describe their power to
its workers by making them to do certain task at any time (Felix, Mello and von Borell,
2018). This power also beneficial for company as in this employees also have power in terms
of performing their job role that positively influence their overall performance to achieve
effective goals and objectives.
 The expert:- It is most important for managers in providing training and development
programs to its workers that improves their knowledge, skills, behaviour and capabilities.

Managers are also beneficial in expertising workers which assists in completing target with
specialisation for achieving goals and objectives efficiently.
Evaluation:- The evaluation of Handy culture describes that managers must impose their
powers to workers by assigning task and role in accordance with the capability of person for
restricting errors. The organisational politics further focus on weeds, rocks, high ground and woods
for developing positive and negative impact on workers to make the task done. French and Raven
model emphasize on the organisational power that develops individual and team skills to perform
their actions effectively.
Justification:- The managers of Apple must justify their business culture, politics and power
by motivating workers to perform activities with good morale for achieving personal and
organisational goals.
Critical Analysis:- From the above mentioned customs, political affairs and supremacy of
organisation it is identified that this plays major role in building team morale of workers for
encouraging them to complete target efficiently. It influences the behaviour of individual for giving
their best efforts towards accomplishment of victory. The team also enhance the ability to be active in
performing task with the motive to meet the desired goals that are predetermined in planning.
Therefore, by considering the above discussion, it is identified that the culture, power and
polities all of them are important in order to influence the behaviour and performance of employees.
For this, Apple must have positive culture, power and polities in their organisation which is useful in
terms of positively influencing the overall performance and growth of employees. It is also effective
in terms of boosting their morale and helpful for them in pursuing their functions effectively. Apart
from this, it is effective to have positive culture, politics and power which is useful in order to bind
employees in a team for prominently achieving goals and objectives in a group.
TASK 2
P2. Suggest various theories to motivate individuals and teams for achieving goal
Theory of Motivation:- The managers of an organisation motivates its employees to perform
their actions at high level for achieving individual benefits is called motivation. Managers of Apple
inspire workers through giving monetary and non-monetary rewards that builds morale of workforce
to keep performing their business activities effectively (Haake, Rantatalo and Lindberg, 2017).
Content Theory:- This is described as the sub-category of motivational theory. Apple
managers implement this premise for analysing the needs and wants of workers that has to be fulfilled
for increasing their eagerness towards company.

Maslow Need Hierarchy Model:- It refers as the model developed by Abraham Maslow
which determine the needs of labour while performing their task in company. This describes that
needs of people keeps on increasing one after the other. The managers of Apple execute this theory to
ascertain goals by inspiring workers to give high efforts towards organisation for competing with
rivalries.
 Basic physiological:- The managers of Apple must analyse the basic requirements of its
workers by providing them food, cloth and shelter to survive their livelihood effectively with
two times meal a day. In relation with apple, they can fulfil this need by giving their proper
basic pay which is useful in fulfilling their needs and requirements.
 Safety:- Managers of Apple aim to focus on the safety and security of workers by taking
protective measures through facilitating them with gloves, helmets, insurance, children
welfare, etc. It builds the morale of workers for giving their high performance that leads an
organisation to remain stable in perfect competition market. In terms of this, apple can fulfil
by offering effective training sessions that leads to eliminate future accident while performing
job and insecurity regarding job.
 Social belongings:- Apple managers further develops good employee relations among
workers by building love and belongings with others that creates possibility to share views
and information. The company is beneficial as the employees collaborate with one another to
complete their target efficiently on assigned date (Heinzelmann, 2018). Through this, the
managers of apple tends to develop effective and healthy relations with their customers which
is useful in terms of motivating them to perform their job role.
 Self-esteem:- The managers of Apple analyse need for self-esteem as they want to build
respect, good image and reputation among different workers which leads to develop
performance appraisal by giving high level of efforts for company. As per this, the managers
of apple tends to give proper appraisal that leads to develop satisfaction among employees
regarding their post and reputation.
 Self-actualisation:- Managers of Apple focus on needs of employees for developing self-
confidence, high satisfaction, etc. It leads company to enhance their morale that to perform
their actions with perfection that restricts errors and create opportunity for company to sustain
in global market.
Process Theory:- It is referred as change in psychological and behaviour of individuals and
teams to complete their business activities in particular duration. Managers of Apple implement this

part of motivational theory for encouraging workers to increase specialisation that leads to achieve
goal in particular time duration.
Vroom Expectancy Theory:- This theory analyse the behaviour of employees for selecting
their task among various substitutes with the ability to maximise gratification and minimise twinge.
The managers of Apple implement this model for determining the employee performance based on
individual factors that includes personality, knowledge, skills, experience and abilities.
 Expectancy:- Apple managers analyse the expectation of workers for performing their high
efforts will lead to maximise benefits for attaining goals and objectives of company. It is the
process of understanding efforts are equal to performance that leads to achieve target. In
relation with apple, they tends to satisfy and fulfil the requirements of employees by
considering their expectations as well.
 Instrumentality:- The managers of Apple examine the concept for performing better actions
through specialisation that will result in high outcome for organisation and develops
opportunity to gain good rewards (Hsiao, 2017). Here, the managers of company tends to
observe the personality of employees in terms of getting desired outcome that tends to
develop prominent opportunity and growth of company.
 Valence:- Managers of Apple analyse the behaviour alternatives for employees to justify the
result of motivation with performance management by comparing their previous actions with
current business activities. This creates the ability of managers to generate rewards for
individual and team in order to perform their high level of efforts. Therefore, respective
company tends to identify the ability in terms of achieving their goals and objectives by
giving their best efforts and potentials.
Evaluation:- Apple managers must assess the reasons for motivating workers that encourage
workers to perform their task with best efforts for achieving goals and objectives effectively.
Justification:- The managers of Apple further expands business by building morale of
employees that leads to develop aggressive potential power to compete with rivalries in global market.
Hence, it is identified that both the motivational theories are important in terms of motivating
employees which is useful for in terms of enhancing their overall performance and boosting them in
order to perform effectively. Furthermore, it is beneficial for Apple considering their potential power
in order to give tough competition to the global market by undertaking the significant needs and
requirements of their employees and fulfil it.

PART - 2
TASK 3
P3. Explain the participation of workers in team to co-operate with others
Definition of Team:- The group formed by large number of individuals in order to achieve
target through their collective performance that increase the strength of company. Managers of Apple
focus on this team as to encourage workers for performing their task with specialisation that aims to
restrict errors for achieving success efficiently (Maibom and Smith, 2016).
Distinguishing between effective and ineffective team:- The difference between effective
and ineffective team are as follows:-
Basis of difference Effective Team Ineffective Team
Meaning The effective team means group
of active and productive labours
that collaborate with one
another for completing the
specific goal.
The ineffective team means
group of inactive or
unproductive labours that lacks
in collaboration and
communication which delay in
accomplishment of target at
certain date.
Goal-Oriented It is the process through which
effectual group perform actions
to ascertain goals that leads
company to meet its vision and
mission in future.
The ineffectual group of people
who does not complete their
task on time.
Employee relations The capable team leads workers
to co-ordinate through
developing good employee
relations.
The incapable team face
challenge of increasing
conflicts, partiality and jealousy
among each other through lack
in trust and faith.
Time management These group members majorly
focus on doing their task on
time with perfection that leads
to restrict errors through
improving skills of workers.
This group member develops
high conflicts that increase time
consumption for completing
task. It further comprises high
mistakes that affect the stability
of company.
Team Development:- It is defined as the ability of managers and leaders to direct the whole
group about their roles and responsibilities with the team. The managers further emphasize leaders to
facilitate workers with training and development projects that improve their skills and experience for
completing task with specialisation (Matthews and Marzec, 2017). It also describes workers about
futuristic problems that can be solved through corrective actions as precautionary steps to restrict

threats. Managers of Apple focus on this team development by encouraging workers to perform their
activities effectively by describing about their little efforts means lot for company.
Belbin’s Typology Model:- It is the theory imposed by Belbin in 1981 for explaining that
every individual gives its best performance in group for achieving target. Managers of Apple
implement this model as to identify the strength and weakness of individual behaviours for other
workers. The company further focus on this as to restrict conflicts by developing good relations
among workforce that result in high performance of team.
 Resource investigator:- The managers of Apple focus on developing individuals behaviour
with positive and enthusiastic attitude that leads workers to explore new opportunities for
attaining more experiences.
 Team worker:- Managers of Apple majorly focus on team roles by analysing the issues and
develop good relations among workforce for collectively performing task. It further develops
the ability of good listener and encourages other skilled workers to co-operate with unskilled
labours by guiding them to perform actions in certain manner.
 Co-ordinator:- Apple managers develops good environment for workers to complete their
task in particular duration by co-ordinating with others that leads to achieve success
efficiently. It creates opportunity for being stable in perfect competition market by increasing
potential power and prospects.
 Plant:- The managers of Apple focus on the creative thinking skills of people for completing
the target with development of new ideas to compete with rivalries. This creates possibility
for individuals to eliminate errors through specialisation that leads to achieve success.
 Monitor evaluator:- Managers of Apple monitor and evaluate the task performed by an
individual with its time consumption for completing specific activity. It is also essential for
managers to facilitate workers with employee engagement and commitment that leads worker
to give its best performance for company success (Meško, Tankebe and Fields, 2017).
 Specialist:- Apple managers further aim to provide training and development programs that
leads workers to improve specialisation which results in meeting the goal with efficiency by
eliminating errors.
 Shaper:- The managers of Apple focus on shaping individuals through guiding them about
their goals and objectives as well as describing them the need to achieve it. This is most
important for company to achieve victory in global market that builds the good brand image

and reputation in front of target market. This leads to enlarge customers by maximising sales,
profits and bonus for individuals by as performing with high efforts for company.
 Implementer:- Managers of Apple emphasize on the implementers which develops real plans
from conceptual ideas. This enhances them to avoid self-interest and perform its tasks for
team and organisational goals (Milner and Savage, 2016).
 Completer finisher:- Apple managers are highly conscious about their effective group of
people by motivating them to achieve target of company by attaining self-interest. This
encourages workers and leads them to complete task within particular time boundation.
Emotional Intelligence:- The managers of Apple focus on analysing and understanding the
emotions of workers for performing their task at various circumstance which impacts their morale.
 Motivation:- The managers of Apple focus on generating motivation by inspiring workforce
as an ideal to complete their task with specialisation that results in ease of goal
accomplishment.
 Empathy:- Managers of Apple are highly sympathetic as they understand the emotions and
feelings of workers for supporting them at the time of need.
 Social skills:- The managers of Apple aims to societal skills for its workforce which includes
shared values, respects and beliefs among one another.
Hard Skills:-
 Employee relations:- It is most difficult task for managers of Apple to build good employee
relations continuously which leads to collaborate with each other for achieving goals at
certain period.
 Technical skills:- The managers of Apple develops technological skills of workers through
providing training to its worker for restricting more time consumption and completing at
certain duration.
Soft Skills:-
 Communication skills:- It is essential for managers of Apple to develop good and effective
communication skills among workers through verbal and non-verbal that creates opportunity
for company to attain vision and mission.

 Increase co-ordination:- The managers of Apple aims to increase co-ordination among its
workforce for encouraging them to complete task with the motive to achieve monetary and
non-monetary rewards.
TASK 4
P4. Discuss the philosophy of organisational behaviour at various situations
Conflict resolution:- It is the problem as being mostly faced by organisation for individual
and teams that results in high conflicts and lacks in completing target. Managers of Apple focus on
this problem with its main issue of unclear responsibilities that leaders are not capable in delegating
proper roles to its team.
Path Goal Theory:- This principle refers as the process to analyse change in leadership
styles that affects the employees working environment for achieving goals and objectives. Managers
of Apple execute this model as to restrict conflicts and lack in employee relations that affects the
stability of business. This is described as the solution for various problems related to conflicts are
solved through the application of this model.
 Directive:- The managers of Apple directs workers to perform their individual roles and
responsibilities as per the instructions. This result in eliminating mistakes that delay in goal
accomplishment with high time consumption. The Company further directs workers with their
accurate roles, task and power that have to be performed in business as it will lead company
to grow and remain stable.
 Supportive:- Managers of Apple emphasize the workforce to build good relations for
supporting others to complete their task at specific duration. It is the process through which
managers emphasize leaders to collaborate them for being together and achieving goal
collectively.
 Participative:- The managers of Apple are highly beneficial as people perform their business
activities with co-ordination that assists in accomplishment of target with the motive to
compete through rivalries (Xiang, Zhang and Liu, 2020). The managers further develop
various strategies to build the participative nature of workforce for gaining victory.
 Achievement-oriented:- Managers of Apple are able to achieve their vision and mission by
encouraging workers to do activities with specialisation that result in completing goals at
certain duration.
The managers of Apple discuss various philosophies of organisational behaviour as:-

 Situational approach:- It refers as managers accentuate leaders to change their leadership
styles for making the people to complete their task at appropriate time. Managers of Apple
focus on this procedure for taking strict actions towards inactive labours.
 Contingency approach:- The directors and leaders follow the systematic procedure to
complete the target. Due to some unavoidable circumstances managers emphasize leader to
change their management and leadership style that leads company to achieve success
efficiently.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussions it have been concluded that managers focus on motivating people
to give their high efforts towards company. It is the most important process of supervisors for guiding
employees to perform task in particular direction that restrict errors. This further leads organisation to
achieve success efficiently by collective functions of workers that builds internal power to compete.
This project emphasizes on custom, politics and authority which impacts organisational behaviour
with the implication of Handy culture, Hofstede model and French and Raven model. It further
suggests various theories to motivate individuals and teams for target achievement by content and
process premises that include Maslow Need Hierarchy and Adam’s Equity Model. This project,
additionally explains the participation of workers in a team by co-operating with other members
through Belbin’s Typology concept. It further discusses the various philosophies of organisational
behaviour that consists of Path Goal Theory implied in diverse situations.
RECOMMENDATIONS
From the prescribed assignment it has been recommended to managers of Apple for
developing good interpersonal relations that result in performing business activities collectively. The
managers must also take necessary steps to improve the skills of workers with proper guidance and
describing importance of their roles towards company will leads to accomplish vision and mission
eagerly. It is most important for company to motivate its workers for building their morale that
encourage them to perform actions with excitement, engagement and involvement.

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