Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3 LO1.............................................................................................................................................................3 P1 Analyse organisational culture, politics and power that influence individual behaviour and performance.............................................................................................................................................3 M1 Critically analyse culture, power and politics of organisation can influence individual and team behavior and performance.......................................................................................................................6 LO2.............................................................................................................................................................7 P2 Evaluate content and process theories of motivational techniques enable effective achievement of goals........................................................................................................................................................7 M2 Critically evaluate how to influence behavior of others through effective application of behavioral motivational theories...............................................................................................................................9 D1 Critically evaluate relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enable teams and organisation to succeed...................................................................................................................10 LO3...........................................................................................................................................................10 P3 Demonstrate what makes an effective team as opposed to ineffective team.....................................10 M3 Analyse relevant team group development theories to support development of dynamic cooperation ...............................................................................................................................................................13 LO4...........................................................................................................................................................13 P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB within organisational context and business situation........13 M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concepts and philosophies in they inform and influence behaviour in both positive and negative ways............................................................................................................15 D2 Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in context of OB concepts and philosophies influencing behaviour in workplace............................................................15 CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................16 REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................17
INTRODUCTION Organisational behaviour refers to an important framework that studied the both i.e. an individual people and the whole group within the business enterprise. It examines the human behavior at work place and their impact on the job positions, communication, performance, leadership and motivation. It helps in giving the proper knowledge about the human behavior at work place and how they contribute to earn higher profits and returns for longer sustainability in the firm. this report is based on the ASDA that is one of the largest superstore company in United Kingdom since 1949. It deals in various products like groceries, furniture, cloth, toys, home wares etc. this reports includes the framework related to power, politics and the culture and how these terms influences the individual and team work that helps in earning more profits. it also provide the information related to the motivational theories and teams that helps in achieving the objectiveswithin the firm. Further it demonstrate the comparison between effective team and ineffective team and their influence on the achieving the company objectives. It also includes the various concepts and philosophies that is helpful in encouraging the workers to give the productive results as well as reducing the employee turnover within the organization. It is an essential term for every business unit to enhance the performance of individual workers andwholegroupsothatcompanycansurviveforlongertimewithhighprofitsand returns(McShane and et. al., 2018). LO1 P1 Analyse organisational culture, politics and power that influence individual behaviour and performance Organisational culture –It refers to the values, assumptions, belief that an individual person shares to another one that shows its personality and behaviour in the working place. It helps in maintaining the healthy and comfortable working conditions for staff members so that they manageandorganizetheirworkandgivestheproductiveresultstothecompany.The organization culture shows the language, vision, policies, strategies that effect and impacts the individual behaviour. There are various types of culture in context of ASDA that is shown below(Chumg and et. al., 2016).
Person culture– It refers to that culture in which a person or an employee feels more important than the company. In this an individual person is more concerned about themselves as compare to the organsiation. In this type of culture staff members only work for money and they have no attachment towards the firm. due to this business may face loss. In context of ASDA, if a manager can follow this type of culture within the organization than they face high amount of loss because their individual person work for their own benefits not for the company.This will positively impact the individual performance because in this they focus on improving their own personality but it will negatively impact the team as in this people cannot work as a team and in a cooperating way(Berry and Dasen, 2019). Power culture -This type of culture shows that power of taking decisions are in the hands of few people or the top management within the organization and they enjoy the special treatment at workplace. In this employees only follow rules and instructions of the superior. In ASDA, if manager can adopt this type of culture it shows the autocratic culture where there is no right to the employees to say and suggest anything at the time of taking decisions. In this an individual does not feel secure and there is a fear of employee turnover. But at the same time it helps in quickly taking the decisions(Clay-Williams and Braithwaite, 2015).This will negatively impact the performance of an individual but it is positively affect the teams because in this decision can be taken very fast and work canbe completed in a time frame this will give the productive results. Task culture –This is an effective culture that is used in the organsiation to achieve the task in a team. In this manager of an ASDA, can adopts the task culture where number of individual are come together to achieve the common task on a desired time. This helps in maintain the relations between the employees and improves the individual performance within the working place. It will create positive impact on the individual and group performance that will give the effective results to the organsiation. Role culture –In this type of organisational culture manager can assign task as per the ability and capability of an individual person to perform a task on a time with an effective way. in this employees can willingly accept the challenge of work according to their interest. In this every member is responsible and accountable for tier work. For example- in ASDA, if manager can assign the task according to the individual capability and
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interest than they give the productive results to the company in this power is included with responsibilities in this type of working culture in the firm.This type of culture positively affect the individual and teams because in this task can be assigned as per an individual ability and capability so that task can be achieved and individual get motivates to work effectively(Welch, 2016). By evaluating the above culture ASDA, could use the role culture so that every individual can perform their task in an effective way because they assigned that work in which they are capable for doing in a right way and feel satisfied for doing this. It will maintain the teams’ decorum and achieves the profits in an appropriate manner. Organisational power– It refers to the study of an ability to influence other people to make things happen according to the individual person perspective. It also affects person behaviour and the resources of an business enterprise. In this manager has the ability to control all the staff members to work as per their demand in a effective manner. It helps in manages the things in the working place and influence the other people to work. With reference of ASDA, there are some types of organisational power that will affect the business and the working environments are as follows(Burrell and Morgan, 2017). Coercive power– It refers to that power in which an individual is forcing someone to do a task and it is opposite to reward power. This demotivates the employees’ morale and because of this they cannot work effectively and efficiently. This notifies them to develop and modify their skills and experience to fulfill the requirements of the business firm. in this top level manager can force the employees to work without their interest that does not give the positive outcomes but shows the negative impressions towards the company by employee side. In ASDA, if manager could choose this type of power than they create a negative working environment in the place of working and its effect the staff members performance and shows their dissatisfaction towards the company(Homberg, Vogel and Weiherl, 2019). Reward power– It is most used type of power that used rewards, training opportunities, perks and new projects and task. In this manager of a company offers rewards in two ways such as financial and non financial rewards. In this manager of a organization can encourage and motivates employees for good work so that they get returns according to
their achievements. In ASDA, this reward power helps in improving the individual performance and group performance that gives the positive and effective results to the companyprofitsandgrowth.Itwillalsoreducestheemployeeturnoverand dissatisfaction in achieving the targets. It also positively impacts the individual and group performance so that task can be achieved in time and in an appropriate manner(Farrell, Simpson and Rothman, 2015). Organisational politics –It refers to a informal and unofficial efforts to convey the ideas and influence the business and its employees towards their ideas and achieve the task. Politics in the enterprise contains both positive and negative factor. Like if a manager can use and adopts the politics in a favour of staff members and then it refers to the positive politics and if they could use the politics in does not favor the organsiation than they decreases the productivity as well as performance of an employees(Junaid and Haar, 2015). The rocks –It refers to that type of politics in which employees make a partnership to the high level of team members to strong their image and power within the particular department. It shows the interactions between the formal authority and the staff members that contains the roles and responsibility for individual. In ASDA, if employees tie a knot with their superiors than they feel secured and it will enhance the performance of an particular person but at the same time it reduces the other employee morale of good working. The high grounds –In this if a person contains the high grounds in the dispute than it will take the advantage of it. It is an ethical that shows the status to easily recognize in the crowd. In context of ASDA, If manager is the head of the politics than they specifies various plan and policies by rewarding their employees for their good work. it will enhances the overall performance of an individual and gives the best results to the company for their longer sustainability. M1 Critically analyse culture, power and politics of organisation can influence individual and team behavior and performance By using above data related to organsiation power, culture and politics it is to be evaluated that ASDA can choose those culture, power and politics that encourage the individual person for give their best and increases the profits and market growth of the company. in this
manager could adopts the role culture in their working place this gives the effective results as every staff members work effectively and efficiently. By using the power they choose the reward power this will encourage and motivates an individual to do their best and it also enhances the behavior of an individual towards the effective working. In this it is to be evaluated that if positive power adopts within the firm than it gives the positive results as they improve the individual performance and team behavior so that it gives the effective results. It also helps in gaining the competitive advantage in a long term survival of a business enterprise(Maio and et. al., 2020). LO2 P2Evaluatecontentandprocesstheoriesofmotivationaltechniquesenableeffective achievement of goals Motivation -It defines as a phenomenon that shows the needs, wants and desires of an individual person to get something. It is a process of stimulating the person to accomplish the specific task in a desired way. A person can be motivated according to their needs and wants. A manager of a ASDA, can encourage their employees for good work by using two motivational theories i.e. content theory and process theory. It can be describes below. Content theories This type of motivation theory explores the various factors that show the aspects which motivate an individual person. It focuses on “what” and it is the basic theory of motivation. On context of ASDA, manager can adopts the Maslow’s need hierarchy theory to motivate the staff members for effective works. By using this model of theory manager can know the needs and wants of an individual person so it is easy to encourage them for accomplish the work on time(Salas-Vallina, Alegre and Fernandez, 2017). Maslow need hierarchy theory- Thistype of theory refersto thepsychological framework that encompasses the five tier functions of basic human needs. It is shown in pyramid form where psychological needs are the lowest level needs and self actualization needs is the top level needs. In this a person firstly focuses on the core needs and then goes beyond after fulfilling the previous all needs. To satisfy the employees needs manager of respected company
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can fulfill the basic needs first that was shown in the hierarchy and then go top of the pyramid. It can be shown below(Katou, 2015). Psychological needs– These are the core needs that shows the survival of human being such as water, sleep, cloth, shelter, food etc. it above these needs are not fulfill than a person cannot work properly. For example- In this manager of ASDA, can fulfill the basic needs of their employees so that they work effectively and efficiently by providing them timely salary and as per their work.so that they encourage towards the good work and give them healthy and friendly environment so that they can share their problems easily and improve their behavior of working that gives positive outcomes to the firms. Safety needs –This need shows the safety level that an individual feel at the time of working in the organsiation.In context of ASDA, if manager can provides the job satisfaction to their employees than they cannot leave the company and at the same time give the effective outcomes for the company life. In this manager can give the right in decision making process and provides some types of insurance so that they feel secure at their job and work with free mind. Belongingness and love needs- After satisfying the above two needs now this need take a prominent position in this hierarchy table. In this manager of a ASDA give their employees a recognition and also rewards for their good work and develops a team in which an individual work for common interest.At this time they make friends and work can be done in an effective and efficient way. In this they use the real time recognition so that employee’s gets maintain their relations and develop their work for achieving the targets. This motivates in an effective way because every employees feel secure with good relation with their team members that gives the productive results to the company. Esteem needs– In this level a person is focus when all the above needs are satisfied, it shows the esteem for oneself and reputation that is gain from other person. In context of the ASDA, manager can provide a higher job title by promoting them on higher position because of this it will increase the performance of an individual in the workplace and also motivates and encourage other employees for good work. Self- actualization needs-It is the last level needs and shows on the top level hierarchy that includes the peak experience, self fulfillment and the individual growth. In this employees of ASDA, can know their strength of work and work on that only to became a
specialist on their work. it will helps in to reach the higher level where they want to go and this needs regular practice and self control so that it give creative results to the organsiation and society. Process theories This type of motivation theory suggests the psychological processes that forces the motivation and it is based on “HOW” assumptions. It shows the people perceptions about the working culture and environment in which they work. In background of ASDA, as a process theory manager colud adopts the Vroom Expectancy theory that is shown below(Mohammad and et. al., 2015). Expectancy theory –It is a type of motivation theory that is proposed by Victor Vroom in 1964. This theory separates the various terms like efforts, results and performance. this theory is explained in background of ASDA below(Cacciattolo, 2015). Expectancy– this level generated the idea related to the amount of efforts that an individual make for increasing their performance. For example-In this manager of a ASDA, can provide the right resources to the appropriate candidates so that task can be accomplished with employee interest. In this harder a person works better the results gets. If staff members work best it helps in enhancing the morale and profits within the company.It shows the learning incentives where employees who are interested to enhance their knowledge related to the particular activity manager provide them so that they works harder in future also and gets the best results. Provides the best and healthy culture where everyone can engage towards their work and shows their understanding with the other persons. Instrumentality-This suggests that if a person can work better than it will receive the desired outcome. In this manager of ASDA can assign some rules and divides the task according to the ability if the employees complete the task without breaking the rules in a desired time and in a effective way then it will get the returns in a monetary or non- monetary terms whatever the person wants. Valance– It is the last step of this motivational theory which shows the value that an individual puts on the outcome. In this manager of ASDA, gives the benefits to their
employees for their best work according to their needs and wants. If they want extra money for good work than manager offers that and if they want some other monetary value than they offers that. It will motivate them for good work and enhances their performance for future basis. M2 Critically evaluate how to influence behavior of others through effective application of behavioral motivational theories From using above models and theories of motivation it is to be evaluated that Maslow need hierarchy theory and Expectancy theory helps in understanding the basic need and wants that fulfils the personal needs of an employees. Here members of ASDA can motivate by various personal benefits like perks, leave incentive, accommodation facility etc. In this they offers the healthy environment, rewards for good work, promotions, transfers etc. which helps in employee retention and gives the effective results to the organization. it influences the individual and team behavior to work effectively so that company can stay for a longer time period.In this motivational theories Maslow create a positive impact on fulfilling the basic need of the employees so that they give productive results to the company it is very effective in UK but not applied in the Africa and Asia countries. Whereas expectancy theory place an positive impact to improve the individual and personal performance so that they will give the effective results to the company. it will negatively affect the team mates sometimes because in this individual can only focus on improving their own skills and get the effective results without focusing on the team members. D1 Critically evaluate relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enable teams and organisation to succeed To the above report it is to be critically evaluated organisation power, culture and politics plays an important role in the company. Here motivational theories give the major contribution to fulfill the demands of the firm earning profits by satisfying the individual needs and wants. These terms helps in encouraging the person to work in a team for achieving a task in a specified time. The relation between this aspects helps in succession of an business firm and their longer sustainability in the marketplace(Avota, McFadzean and Peiseniece, 2015).
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LO3 P3 Demonstrate what makes an effective team as opposed to ineffective team Team –It refers to a group of an individual person who work together for achieving a common goal in a desired time period. They have number of person with differentiation in skills that coordinates for generating higher profits and returns in the firm. in context of ASDA, there are various types of teams that helps in achieving the task and enhance the profits(Gabriel and et. al., 2015). Functional team –This type of teams are made on a permanent basis that includes different department and fulfills different responsibility within a team to achieve a common goal. In this type of team manager and the superior are accountable for assigning the task because every members reports to them and they assigns the task as per the ability and capability of a person. Problem solving team –It refers to that team which is made to solve a particular problem within the organization. In this manager can make a team for a experienced employees so that they give innovative solution to solve the problem. It can be made for a very short period of time when the problem occurs. Virtual teams-it refers to that team in which members are physical present in different locations and coordinated their work with the help of technology so that they make a proper coordination in task and make a balance in the organisation. All these types of teams can be used by the ASDA as per the demand of the situation in this each type of team is helpful in achieving the task on a desired time. To maintain the healthy environment and relation within the working place it is very important to make a team as per the situationsothattheygivetheeffectiveresultsandenhancestheperformanceof employees(Zaraket and Halawi, 2017). Comparison between effective and ineffective team BasisEffective teamIneffective team ConceptThis type of team showcase the foundation of success and improves the working life of It refers to that team where conflicts may arise and there is no clear and understanding
an individual person so that task can be achieve and give an effective results. vision that is transmitted to the employees so that they work on it. CommunicationHere, communication is done onatwoway.itmeans managercanlistenthe employeesproblemand employeescanfollowthe rules and regulation that is set by the leader. It will motivate them to good work(Dutta and et. al., 2015). In this there is only one way communicationwhereonly manager can give orders and assignsthetask thereisno right to employees to say their problems. It will demotivates thestaffmembers performancetoworkina team. CultureIn this organisation follow the friendlyandhealthyculture thatandenvironmentwhere everyone work with zeal and share their problems easily. It will enhance the performance of an individual person. Inthiscompanyfollowan autocratic and power culture wherenoindividualcan suggest and give their ideas thisshowsthenegative environment and it negatively affecttheemployees performance. Tuckman team development model This model was established by the Bruce Tuckman since 1965 that is famous for developing the team for completion the project. In ASDA, manager can use this model to develop the team so that everyone enhances tier performance and give their best. It includes five stages that can be shown below(Dunphy, 2016). Forming –It is the first step in which team is assembled and work can be allocated. In this no team member can know each other. In this ASDA, manager can assemble the entire individual who are included in a team in a room and conduct a orientation program so that every member can know each other and it is easy for the manager to assign the task and achieve the goal.The positive impact of this step is that it helps in recognizing
all the members in an organisation but it also impact in an negative way because in this all members can think superior from the other person. Storming –It is a stage where team members can suggest the ideas and out of various ideas manger select the best one. Due to this sometimes conflicts may arise and every member can stuck between this phases. In this manager can set some rules and guidelines that is follow by the employees so that it reduces the conflicts among them(Canning and Found, 2015).Conflicts can be shown as an negative impacts but the rules and regulations that was processed in an business firm helps in reducing the conflicts and maintaining the collaboration. Norming –In this team members work as a harmony nature like working together and they mutually decides the work as per their ability and capabilities. In this manager of ASDA, canencourage them to take decision on their own about the task completion so that it gives the effective results this will showcase the positive results and also eliminates the conflicts but develops the prominent team. Performing –In this step manager of a ASDA can share and communicate the vision and mission so that task can completed in an effective way. in this they encourage and motivates every individual to work their best so that company earns a high profits if the goal can be accomplish on the basis of set vision and mission. This term is very effective in every types of teams and helps in achieving the targets. Adjourning –It is the last stage where the entire task can be achieved and team can be dissolved. In this manager of a ASDA, can take a feedback so that in future this mistakes can be avoided. It helps in achieving the task in asset time. And at this stage they share what they have experienced in doing the task till end. M3 Analyse relevant team group development theories to support development of dynamic cooperation By analyzing the above report it should be evaluated that if an organisation follows a effective team than they earns a higher returns and long term survival of the firm. It also enhances the individual performance of work that gives the productive outcomes to the solutions. In this they develops the teams as per the needs to achieve the task on time and for maintain the relations between the team members they could choose the Tuckman theory this helps in maintaining the relation and reducing the employment turnover and conflicts so that it gives the
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positive outcomes to the problems and enhances the individual behavior to do their best for whole life of the company(Weng and et. al., 2015).The team development model can helps in making the effective team where leader and manager can use the motivational theories that helps in improving the work and get the productive results. Here every type of teams plays an effective role by showing the great results because in this teams can be motivated and assigned the task as per their skills and capability. LO4 P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB within organisational context and business situation Organisational behaviour refers to the determination and study of human behaviour that relies on different concepts and also focuses on the various working styles and manner of employees. In relation to determine the behaviour of subordinates Asda usepath goal theory which is helpful in analysing the particular goals and objectives to enhance the motivation and morale of employees. Despite from this it is useful in offering guidance and also gives light to career path to the Employees in order to make them more competent and productive for the company. Therefore to determine the achievements of company four prominent paths are discussed as under(Mesu, Sanders and van Riemsdijk, 2015). Directive:It clarifies the behaviour of leader in this theory as through this it define the proper situation for the employees which is expected for them and how to perform the task. It is considered as the most appropriate and prominent style which foot positive impact on the behaviour of employees. In this context leaders guide their employees and also clarify them regarding the Expectations the goals which they need to achieve and prominent way to attain these goals. Therefore two managed teams in more prominent way the leaders of Asda instruct their employees and also clarify goals and objectives to each and every individual. Supportive:It defines that leaders are more supportive towards their employees as they developed permanent objectives that are easily achievable for the employees and also provide guidance to them in more friendly way. According to this the leaders of company are most supportive and friendly towards their employees and also develop and maintain healthy relations with them in order to motivate and boost the moral. Moreover it is more prominent for Asda in those conditions in which employees get complicated and difficult task. Therefore the managers
of Asda use this theory only when they are confident regarding their employees as that individual can perform that particular task more prominently and effectively in order to achieve desired outcome. Participative:In this context the leaders of Asda include their subordinates in decision making procedure that is useful in developing and improving the performance level that helps in boosting their moral productivity and achieving desired result. Due to this the relationship between is subordinates and managers automatically gets healthy and the leaders will also consider the suggestions and opinions of other employees within the decision making process because they consider employees as the Asset of company. Moreover it is useful for those employees that are quite experienced and trained in order to take critical decisions as lot of work pressure and conflicts leads to delay in the work because of decision-making conflicts. Achievement:In this context the leaders of organization set Complex standards for the employees beginners they consider their employees competent and skilled enough to perform the particular job role. Despite from this it put negative impact on the frame of mind of employees as they start thinking that they do lot of work without proper guidance that leads to discourage them. It is best suited for Asda in those situations in which employees are highly skilled and have professional and technical knowledge to perform particular task. Therefore, considering the above discussion it is analyzed that leader has various paths by which they can manage the whole team by considering and evaluating the various situations. Moreover, it is determined that at the directive stage a leader provide suitable direction and guidance to its employees that boost their morale. Along with this, supportive a leader supports its employees by analyzing their state of mind and developing healthy relationships with them. Despite from this, participative stage leader involve its employees in decision making process and always consider their knowledge and skills while delegating task. Lastly, at achievement employees get tasks according to their expertise and specialist skills that lead to develop motivation among them. Social capital theory:This theory is useful in analyzing the factors that tends to who developed and increase the human capital towards the organization with few prominent resources that are offered by top level management and authority towards their employees. Due to these prominent
resources employees can easily improve and enhance their performance for the development of both company and themselves. In the context of Asda they can implement social capital theory in which the operations and human resources both are effectively work regarding the arrangement and allocation of resources for the growth and development of company(Chinomona and Dhurup, 2016). Resistance theory:This theory is based on the political and legal factors thoughts and perspective that are developed on the grounds of individuals and groups. It refers to the primary Political Theory that defines the norms and policies within the modern period of time that exist in the company towards their employees. In relation with this with the help of this theory Asda can easily influence their employees in terms of policy fluctuations in prices growth and other relevant factors. Moreover some factors that reflect the autonomy of the perspective of company including constant and contract right of Defense just war and resistance. M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concepts and philosophies in they inform and influence behaviour in both positive and negative ways By considering the discussion on the leadership theories it is analysed that Path goal theory social capital and resistance theory are useful for the company in order to describe the prominent skills for the enhancement of leadership within an organisation according to the perspective of employees. In this context the retailer industry named Asda in which the excellent relationship skills are required according to the number of employees and Organisation which is required for the enhancement of employee’s behaviour and attitude employees in which they can implement and execute their efforts in order to up bring the productivity towards the desired result and growth of company. In this context various theories has there on understanding towards the manager leadership and their implementation to deliver the prominent result in more effective way that directly enhance the growth and success of company among its competitors and market as wel(Such and Mutrie, 2017). D2 Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in context of OB concepts and philosophies influencing behaviour in workplace By evaluating the overall performance of Asda, they need to make proper utilisation of prominent theories concepts and philosophies regarding the functions of business. In this context various theories are used in order to enhance the level of cooperation and collaboration within
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the team to develop the productivity and performance of organisation. Due to this it leads to improve the sales and performance in more prominent way. Along with this it also motivate the manager of Asda to provide prominent motivation and satisfaction to the employees that is beneficial regarding their performance and productivity in relation with competitors. CONCLUSION Thus, it is concluded that organisational behaviour has different theories and concepts that are useful for company to analyse the overall behaviour of employees to motivate them and improve their overall performance and productivity. In terms of this, by considering the implementation of different models these all are concerned with the culture, power and politics in order to enable an organisation to maintain healthy working conditions for their employees. Additionally, Tuckman team development theory is used to offer equal opportunities to their employees as it develop the overall performance and productivity of employees. At last, by considering the motivation factor for the company, it develops enhanced level of satisfaction to improve the sales of company and enhance the reputation of company by considering the dynamic business environment.
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