Organisational Behaviour: Analysing Culture, Power & Motivation

This report provides an analysis of organisational behaviour, examining the impact of culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance within an organisational context, using Tesco as a case study. It explores different content and process theories of motivation, along with various motivational techniques, to enhance employee engagement and productivity. The report also investigates the formation of effective teams, contrasting them with ineffective teams, and delves into the concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour relevant to a business situation, focusing on how these elements influence organisational dynamics and overall success. The document is available on Desklib, which provides a variety of study resources for students.

Organisational
behaviour

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................3
P1 The way in which culture, politics and power impact on individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................3
LO2..................................................................................................................................................5
P2 The way in which different content and process theories of motivation and various
motivational techniques...............................................................................................................5
LO3..................................................................................................................................................8
P3 The way in which effective team is formed as opposing an ineffective team........................8
LO4................................................................................................................................................11
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour for a business situation................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour can be defined in manner that it is study of human behaviour in
organisational settings and also it is a kind of interface between organisation and human
behaviour and the organisation itself (Abdulmuhsin, 2021). Organisational behaviour has its
roots back to Max Weber and organisational studies. In this report, analysis has been done on
influence of culture, politics and power on behaviour of others into the organisational context.
The analysis has also been done on to motivate individuals and team members for achieving their
goals. The research has been done on cooperation with others into an effective manner. The
research has also been done on concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour for a
particular business situation. The chosen organisation is TESCO. It is a general merchandise
retailer company which was founded in year of 1919 by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls
in Hackney London.
MAIN BODY
LO1
P1 The way in which culture, politics and power impact on individual and team behaviour and
performance
Level of culture
The level of culture in an organisation specifically denotes the intensity of culture present
in the organisation. This level is basically obtained by a business entity by the presence of
several types of employees who belong to different sections of the society. It is essential for the
top level management to take necessary actions related to management of culture in a short
period of time (Al-Swidi, 2021). At Tesco being a multinational company the level of culture
present is there in a severe intensity so management has to take necessary actions to develop
different cultural practices.
Cultural web
This technique is widely adopted by many different multinational organisations like
Tesco to map culture which is present in the organisation. It is helpful in achieve different goals
and objectives of the organisation and this model in the field of management came into force in
1992.

Handy's model of culture
In the field related to organisational culture this model came into existence in 1932 and it
helps in determination of various types of culture in the organisation. The main stages of this
model with respect to Tesco are explained below:
 Power culture- This is considered as dominating type of culture in an organisation as the
power to take decisions in the organisation is present in the hands of some people. In this
type of culture there is a superiority role played by management in order to lead the
organisational development.
 Task culture- Task culture is related to the practice of developing task and activities
related to functioning of an organisation (Balwant, 2018). The task culture focus on
various roles and responsibilities of employees and develop a precise approach which is
beneficial for growth of the business.
 Person culture- This type of culture is majorly practised at Tesco and is related to a
specific personality. This type of culture is mainly related to development of a particular
employee which is major negative point for whole business entity.
 Role culture- This is considered as major form of culture where an employee is allocated
with different roles and responsibilities in a company depending on the eligibility of
respective employee.
Organisational power
In the functioning of a business at the marketplace the organisational power is considered
as major capability and strength of an organisation to deal with several circumstances. A
company must develop strength in a short period of time to face different consequences of
market which are created by competitors.
Power politics
The power politics is considered as major force behind activities and functions which are
happening in the organisation. It is considered as major force behind the development of a
business and it is also considered as negative side of a business which leads to conflict between
different team members.
Power of the boss

Authority and power of the boss is referred to the possession and governance of the
supreme authority of a business (Benuyenah, 2021). In a business power of the boss leads to
develop unethical practices in a business and also develops nepotism in most of the cases.
Formal power
The formal power of a business is considered as the legal power which is effective in
developing and controlling different employee related functions. In the functioning of a business
formal power lies generally in the hands of top and medium level management to perform
different operations and functions.
Leadership vs power
Leadership power is considered as the major authority lies in the hands of a leader in the
organisation. In a business a leader is supposed to manage large number of members so the
leader can prevent misuse of power and can also develop power related to a subject matter in the
company.
Coalitions
In a business coalition is referred to an association which is indulged in performing
specific actions and can also perform protest related to a subject matter. Coalition is majorly
present in every organisation in order to perform various activities and issues which are directly
or indirectly related to business and employee performance.
Political sexual harassment
The political sexual harassment refers to the way in which supreme authority which is
present in a business entity exploit employee. The political sexual harassment is majorly faced
by different companies and employees mainly quit their jobs.
LO2
P2 The way in which different content and process theories of motivation and various
motivational techniques
V room’s expectancy theory
This theory is universally adopted theory in the field of management which is also
practised in all branches of Tesco. This theory in order to provide motivation to different
employees mainly refers to a workforce with the relation to expectancy (Bhattacharyya, 2021.

With the help of this theory a motivational force is created. This theory mainly consists of three
major elements which are explained below:
 Valence- This is the primary stage in this theory of motivation which mainly includes
emotional orientation which results to better outcome. In this major theory depth of
demand by various employees for extrinsic and intrinsic goals are measured.
 Expectancy- It considers the wish and expectancies of different employees related to the
tasks which they are able to perform. The expectancy of employees should be considered
by management in order to increase employee satisfaction.
 Instrumentally- In this final approach the employees mainly take an assumption of their
goals for which they desire in their life. It is important for the management to consider
this approach for understanding needs and wants of different employees.
Figure 1V Room's expectancy theory, 2021

Adams equity theory
This theory in the field of management mainly deals with the contribution of employees
and the work they have done for organisational benefit. This theory of motivation increases
productivity of employees by focusing on performance of employees. At Tesco the top level
management mainly focus on achievement of several organisational objectives with the help of
this theory of management.
Contents theory of motivation
This theory of motivation mainly includes different compulsory tools which are required
by an organisation to fulfil demand of employees. In this approach an organisation mainly
focuses on development of a professional plan which is effective in development of needs and
their fulfilment in a short span of time (Furnham, 2021). The major role of an organisation in this
theory is to understand workplace and personal needs of the employees. Once after successful
identification of different practices the management takes essential decisions which are effective
in fulfilment of different needs of the employees.
Maslow's theory:
This theory is well known theory of motivation which helps the management of an
organisation to identify various types of needs for the organisational development. This theory
consists of various approaches which are beneficial in increasing job satisfaction of the
employees. There are five major needs which are mentioned below:
 Psychological Needs: This is referred to primary needs of different employees which are
related to water, food and shelter. It is the major responsibility of management to fulfil
different psychological needs from time to time of different employees. Safety Needs: The safety needs of employees are compulsory to be fulfilled by
management of an organisation. It is the major and ethical responsibility of management
to develop safety needs in order to increase job satisfaction of different employees.
 Social and belonging: Tesco follow this theory in order to fulfil social needs of different
customers and employees for business growth and development (Imafidon, 2021). It is
the major responsibility of an organisation to develop and facilitate ethical needs of
employees to perform smooth operations.

 Self Esteem: This is one of major need where every individual wants at some point of
time which can refers as sense of accomplish in career. At Tesco the management takes
care of perspective of their employees in order to develop self-esteem needs in them.
 Self-Actualisation: It is related to develop a level of hierarchy needs where most of the
employees who are working for the organisation seek for self-realisation in relation to
their performance and accomplishment.
LO3
P3 The way in which effective team is formed as opposing an ineffective team
Formation of a team
The formation of team is considered as major approach in development of precise team in
the organisation for the achievement of different goals and objectives. In a business entity it is
major responsibility of management to develop an effective team in order to accomplish
organisational goals and objectives (Khaola, 2020). The team formation should include various
parameters and dimensions that are effective in formation of a powerful team.
Working group vs team
In an organisation working group is referred to the team of different people who are particularly
engaged in performing unique tasks and they help each other. On the other hand, team refers to
an association of different people who are all engaged in a specific task and achieve mutual goals
related to functioning of a company.
Figure 2 Team work diagram, 2021

TP model
The TP model in the field of management is very useful as it is scientific and
mathematical techniques to perform different operations. The respective model has been
capitalised by Tesco to dominate various marketing related operations. In many different
functions of the organisation it is essential for a business to implement TP model as it provides
suggestions for formation of different type of teams which are effective in team development.
The major four types of teams are mentioned below:
 Functional teams- These types of teams are majorly based in different functions which
are played by the employees (Patnaik, 2021). In this approach many different functional
teams are formulated at Tesco in order to gain competitive advantage.
 Cross functional teams- In an organisation these teams are formulated on the basis of
various functions performed by different employees. It is major responsibility of different
top management employees to develop cross functional teams for increasing
effectiveness and efficiency of a business.
 Self-managed team- The organisation achieves various objectives with the help of self-
managed teams. Many different companies in global and national market gives priority to
self-managed team for business development.
Successful team
In an organisation a successful team is an organisational association which is capable of
achieving various tasks and goals of the company in a set period of time. The successful team is
majorly considered as a perfect combination of employees who are hardworking and optimistic
in nature. The successful team is in demand of every organisation and is also helpful in
achievement of organisational goals in a set period of time.
Effective team
An effective team is association of people who are efficient and capable of performing
different functions of the organisation in a time frame. Tesco majorly develops effective team in
order to achieve various organisational goals (Sadeghzadeh, 2021). An effective team is
dedicated to perform various organisational activities with maximum efficiency to achieve major
organisational goals.
Soft vs hard skills

Soft skills
The soft skills are important part of personality of an employee which are helpful in
development of organisation in a major sense. Soft skills are basic quality of a person which
increases productivity of the organisation. They are a type of intangible skills that are part of
personality of a person which are helpful in organisational growth and development. Soft skills
play a major role in development of an individual and are also helpful in achievement of various
organisational objectives.
Soft skills which are used by Tesco are following
 Communication skills
 Reasoning skills
 Mental strength level
 Leadership skills
 Teamwork skills
 Emotional intelligence
Hard skills
The hard skills are considered as a major skill which relate to practical knowledge of a
candidate (Shafait, 2021). In the era of competition, it is compulsory for a person to develop hard
skills for gaining efficiency and effectiveness in the operations.
Different hard skills used by Tesco are following:
 Technical skills
 Computer skills
 Microsoft skills
 Marketing skills
Six hats thinking skills
The six hat thinking skills are important part of personality and mental development
which are essential for employee growth. Tesco uses these skills in order to train different
employees with flexibility. The six hat thinking skills are most important for a person to develop
a competitive edge related to an organisation. Six hat thinking skills which are mainly used by
Tesco are following:
 Logic
 Emotion

 Caution
 Optimism
 Creativity
 Control
LO4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour for a business situation
Path goal theory
The path goal theory focuses on adoption of different leadership styles which are helpful
in overall growth and development of the organisation. Path goal theory is helpful in
development of the respective organisation which is Tesco and is also helpful in development of
motivation (van den Kieboom, 2021). It is major responsibility of a business organisation to
focus on implementation of path goal theory in order to achieve different organisational goals in
a specific period of time.
Categorization of Path Goal Theory
Employee Characteristics: The employee characteristics are important part of path goal
theory which are effective for development of personality. Employee characteristics should be
considered in a major sense to develop efficiency at the marketplace. Employee characteristics
are major traits of an entrepreneur which are help in overall productivity of a company.
Environment and Task attributes: It is compulsory for the management to develop a
precise environment which is helpful and supportive for business development. In this stage the
environment and task attributes of an organisation are formulated by the management. The
management then provides precise training to several employees for increasing motivation in
different employees.
Leadership Behaviour: The leadership behaviour is related to the attitude of a leader in
response to specific organisational task. In recent times the autocratic leadership style is
considered as well-known approach. A leader mainly chooses democratic leadership style is a
major tool which helps an organisation to develop different organisational goals. The
achievement of goals and objectives is supported by major operations of which are performed by
management of Tesco.

Social capital theory
The social capital theory is considered as major approach which is helpful in
development of different philosophical approaches. The main organisational in the field of retail
sector like Tesco promote use of social capital theory for development of different business
practices. This theory is also beneficial in developing harmony between employees to facilitate
business activities and operations in a precise manner. Many successful companies in
international and domestic market use this theory to achieve competency edge at the
marketplace. Tesco implement social capital theory with the help of professional management to
develop various consequences of product development. Many companies also focus on
implementation of this theory to improve functioning at the marketplace. It is compulsory for a
business organisation to implement various theories and models which are supported by social
capital theory. In the functioning of a company various employees of top level management are
dedicated to provide effective solutions to organisational problems (van Dun, 2021). A company
has to keep in mind various responsibilities in order to gain competency edge and to develop
effective market strength. The management of concerned organisation should formulate
necessary steps and take assistance of social capital theory for achievement of various goals and
techniques. In the era of stiff competition between different companies Tesco focus on
implementation of this theory for achievement of organisational goals and objectives. The main
function of a person in career related life is to majorly practice different techniques of business
management which are essential for business development. Tesco also takes assistance of this
theory to focus on different roles and responsibilities of different employees for functioning of
different departments in a precise manner. A business entity must focus on development of goals
and techniques which can be used by various companies to formulate actions. In the functioning
of an organisation social theory is mainly helpful in development of a precise business strategy.
It is also helpful in social welfare of the people which is an advantage for an organisation.