Organisational Behaviour: Investigating Human Behaviour, Motivation Theories, and Leadership Styles in Morrisons

This report investigates the complexities of human behaviour in the workplace, evaluates process theories of motivation and motivational techniques, and explains the theories of leadership with what makes an effective leadership in an organisation and what are the impacts of leadership in the organisational performance. The report is made in the context of Morrisons as a UK based retail supermarket.

Organisational
behaviour

Table of Contents
Executive summary..........................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
TASK...............................................................................................................................................4
Investigates the complexities of human behaviour in the workplace and Evaluate process
theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective achievement of goals in
an organisational context.............................................................................................................4
Explain the theories of leadership with what makes an effective leadership in an
organisation and what are the impact of leadership in the organisational performance.............7
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
Recommendations..........................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

Executive summary
This report contains how to maintain good organisational performance by the motivating
employees and the by implementation of different leadership theory. The motivation theory is
Maslow's motivation theory which contains 5 steps that are fulfilling physiological needs, safety
needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. It also discuss the
leadership theory which leadership behavioural theory and different theories in it. At last it
discusses impact of effective leadership.
INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is defined as the study of human behaviour in the organisation
and the relationship between employees and the organisation. It provides the correct framework
through which organisation can keep their employees motivated and achieve their desired goals.
Organisation environment plays a great role in the development of the employees as well as of
the company. The main goal of analysing organisational behaviour is to evaluate the
organisational theory and implementation of better concepts in a way to improve organisational
environment, so company can generate better outputs as a result. The report is being made in the
context of Morrisons as UK based retail supermarket having its headquarter in Bradford, United
Kingdom(BAYKAL, 2020). The aim of this report is to highlight theories, models and the
concepts of organisational behaviour. And the impact that of the organisational culture in the
success amnd the profitability of the organisation.
TASK
Investigates the complexities of human behaviour in the workplace and Evaluate process
theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective achievement of
goals in an organisational context.
Human behaviour is a very complex interplay in the organisation that consist actions of
the employees, process of acquiring knowledge and handling emotions of the organisation.
Complexity arises in many working areas of the organisation in context of the workers , it can be
in professional and personal which affects the working of the organisation. Thee are many ways

of reducing complexity in the company such as a detail review of the problems, generate
different options as a solution and then implementation of the best effective options to solve the
complexity (Chen, Zhu and Liu, 2021). In the context of Morrisons, their organisational
structure is well organised and there is not at all complexity except one which is some times not
assigning proper duties among the employees create rush and dis-balance of work. There are
many complexity in the behaviour of the employees some of them are discussed below:
 Complexity in the communication- Lacking in the process of an effective
communication results on the overall working of the organisation. Many times employees
face this issue and problem in the communication hampers the growth of the employees
as well as company because effective communication is essential in the growth of the
company.
 Complexity in understanding- The process of better understanding of the tasks and the
goals are very essential in the development process. Employees faced this issue when
there are too many goals in the organisation or when there is no communication between
employees and the management.
 Complexity in performing tasks- The problem in performing task often arises when
there is lack of guidance or when no training is provided to the employees. These
complexity faced by many employees and can be solved by providing proper training and
by effective leadership.
 Complexity in ethical behaviour- There are problem of ethical behaviour in the
organisation such as obeying company rules, handling responsibility, having mutual
respect among the colleagues. Maintaining these aspects in the organisation plays very
important role in providing healthy environment.
Motivation is the process of driving employees towards achieving the goals. Its is a
procedure of stimulating employees to perform their best in order to accomplish organisational
goals. Motivation is the reason why people doing something or the level of desire a person have
to do something. It can be developed in person in many ways as by setting business goals,
finding things that interest a person as a goal, using rewards techniques , by scaling progress and
many more (Fallatah and Syed, 2018). In the context of Morrisons, they apply different
motivation techniques on their organisations as giving appreciation and providing incentives to

them both financial nad non-financial. There is a theory of motivation called Maslow's hierarchy
theory which helps in determining how people get motivated by fulfilling their needs. The theory
discussed below:
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs- This theory provides a needs of a person on a pyramid shaped
and started from the basic needs from the bottom to the intangible needs at the top. An individual
can only move to the higher level needs by addressing the needs of the lower level (FHKPS,
2018) . So there are 5 needs of the person stating from basic given below:
 Physiological needs- It consist the most basic needs for the survival of the human. This
include food and water, clothing and shelter and sufficient rest. Maslow states that these
needs must be attained before moving to another level of fulfilment.
 Safety needs- The next need in the hierarchy is is the safety. This needs involves the
protection of a person from violence and theft and maintain emotional stability for the
well being of the person.
 Love and belonging needs- This is the third level of social needs this include human
interaction and relationships with their family and chosen family. Social groups and team
co-workers are also included in this level.
 Esteem needs- This includes the self driven needs, a person self-respect , potential to
work and accomplishments have a great contribution in boosting an individual
confidence . This is based on a person self-assessment and have a huge contribution on
motivation.
 Self-actualization needs- It refers to the fulfilment of potential of the person. Self
actualization needs includes skill enhancement,education and redefining of talents.
Techniques of motivation that used to enhance effectiveness of the employees.
 Encourage mindfulness- Encourage employees of the organisation to work stress-free
and taking breaks during the workday is essential for the enhancement of the work. These
technique of motivation is essential for an individual to perform given tasks effectively.
 Offer incentive programme- By creating good incentive programmes to make them
work hard consistently and to perform effectively every time. Offering such incentives
will celebrate an individual success by providing them financial and non-financial
incentives.

 Culture of recognition- A happy employee proves to be more productive in the
organisation. One of the effective way to motivate employees is to create culture of
recognition where they appreciates hard work with rewards.
 Emphasize employees wellness- Providing wellness programmes helps in reducing
health care cost and build employee morale to work more for the company . These
initiatives increases productivity and results in the reduction in the stress level of the
employees.
 Investment in employee development- It has been analysing that employee leave their
current job because lack of career opportunities and career advancement in their job,So
by providing different development programs to the employees give them satisfaction
and growth. In the context of Morrisons, they are providing timely trainings to their
employees as this will help both the employee and the organisation.
 Continues feedback- This is a very effective way to increase motivation of the
employees as by continues guidance enhances their productivity. Company review
employees performance on a regular basis increases their working capacity and helps in
staying motivated. In the context of Morrisons, they check their employees performance
on monthly level.
Explain the theories of leadership with what makes an effective leadership in an
organisation and what are the impact of leadership in the organisational
performance.
Leadership id describes as the process of directing employees of the organisation and
influencing them to perform better by enhancing the capabilities that helps in working. It is the
potential to make changes in the behaviour of others and also develop future vision for the
organisation(Gillam and Cosford, 2021) . A great leader in the organisation possess different
characteristics which are given below:
 A leaders in the company must be intelligence with a personality to influence others.
 A leader must be good communicator as leadership involves more and more interaction
with one and another.
 A leader should be moulding in terms of the behaviour and be flexible towards the
accomplishment of goals.
 A leader have to be good in handling situation and tackling them effectively.

Leadership is the procedure of generating energy of an individual or group and process ao
achievement of goals and objectives. There are different leadership style that an organisation can
follow which includes Great man theory, trait theory, behavioural theory, transactional
leadership theory (Goede and Boshuizen‐van Burken, 2019). In the context of Morrisons, they
follow the leadership style which allow contribution of each and every team members and the
leaders maintains the healthy relationship between organisation and employees.
The behavioural leadership theory- This theory explained as the an individual must
comprises the key personality that have personality traits and characteristics to be an effective
and efficient leader and focuses on how a leader should behave. It is defined that the success of
the great leader is based on their behaviour instead natural abilities. It involves observation of
different behaviour of the leader, evaluation of their actions and the ways of their responding in
the particular situation. There are different types behavioural leadership that are:
 People oriented leadership- This include behaviour of the leader that allow them to
fulfil the requirement of the people. By interacting with the people such as customers and
employees and building effective interpersonal communication and networking that
makes the relationship long-lasting. They regularly practice and make improvements in
the relations with the team members and motivate them to achieve more.
 Task oriented leadership- This type of leadership mainly focuses more on the
achieving and setting organisational goals. In this leadership leaders display authoritative
behaviour and perfect in organising well structured environment in the company in order
to generate desired goals (Lumpkin and Achen, 2018). They focus on results of the
project rather than day to day development activities. They possess some task oriented
behaviours such as organising task oriented projects, gathering task related data and
organising the process of the company.
 Participative leadership- This type of leadership takes full participation with all the
team members and ensures that they make important decision with their team members.
They focuses more on communication and collaboration in enhancing their productivity.
They evaluate strength and weaknesses of every team member and assign them task
accordingly.
 Indifferent leaders- This types of leadership allows leaders to monitor their team
performance and did not regularly contribute in the day to day working of the

organisation. These leaders mostly prioritise their own success and this consist lack of
cooperation among the leader and the team members.
 Dictatorial leadership- In this type of leadership leaders put pressure on the team
members to perform well in the demanding situations. But this leadership often results in
high quality. Some common behaviour includes setting rigid deadlines, focus in
achieving goals instead well-being of the employee.
 Sound leadership- This leadership style is the most affective and generate better results.
In this leader gives equal priority both the company and the employees. They focuses on
enhancing company productivity as well as employee morale (Rashid and Barron, 2022)
. They balances the situation very well and their quality of maintaining balance between
achievable goals and high quality productivity results in success of the organisation.
 Opportunistic leadership- These leadership style operates with a mix of behaviour.
These leaders are very flexible and can adapt their techniques of leadership according to
the demand of the particular situation(Tripathi, 2018) . This style is highly goal oriented
and adopt the necessary methods to achieve their desired goals.
An effective leadership contributes in the success of the business and a non-effective leaders
decreases the performance of the organisation, so overall leadership makes a huge impact on the
performance of the organisation some impacts are discussed below:
 In building relationship with employees- An effective leaders build good relationship
with their employees and this results in more productivity and enhancement in their
confidence in working.
 Improves organisation environment - A good organisational environment is very much
essential in boosting morale of the employees (Verma and Mohapatra, 2020). By
maintaining the healthy working environment in the organisation increases participation
of the workers.
 Builds better communication in the organisation- Leaders are the link between
management and the employees by implementing better communication system between
both of them results in transparency in the information.
 Increase in the productivity- Effective leadership results in higher productivity as
leaders provide guidance to the employees and that make them working in the right
direction. This does not only increases their productivity but results in more revenue.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that organisational behaviour plays major role in
making developing strategies as well as to generate profits. This report provides the deep view if
the problems faced by the organisation in context of human behaviour, as there are many
complexities faced by organisation such as problem of communication, in performing tasks, lack
of understanding and ethical behaviour. Then it discusses the Maslow's theory of motivation with
the 5 level of human needs in it, after that there are various techniques used by organisation to
motivate their employees. After discussing motivation process, it discusses how leadership
affects the organisational performance and the theory of leadership which is behavioural
leadership theory, this theory consist different behaviour of leader towards the organisation and
the employees. And at last it consist how effective leadership helps in the organisation
performance.
Recommendations
Morrisons is the company which perform its task effectively and provides healthy
working environment to their employees but to generate more profits they have to keep
motivating their employees, so that the give their best contribution in management of the work.
They should provide organise recognition programmes with that they have to provide different
kind of incentives. In the process of building good organisation structure there has to be effective
leader and that leader must possess some quality that is flexibility, good communicator, handling
situation better.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
BAYKAL, E., 2020. A Model on Authentic Leadership in The Light Of Hope Theory. Sosyal
Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi, 10(3).
Chen, X., Zhu, Z. and Liu, J., 2021. Does a trusted leader always behave better? The relationship
between leader feeling trusted by employees and benevolent and laissez-faire leadership
behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 170(3), pp.615-634.
Fallatah, R.H.M. and Syed, J., 2018. A critical review of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. employee
motivation in Saudi Arabia, pp.19-59.
FHKPS, B., 2018. Development of service leadership behavior scale: Background and
conceptual model. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health, 11(4), pp.415-424.
Gillam, S. and Cosford, P., 2021. Organisational behaviour. In Leadership and Management for
Doctors in Training (pp. 32-39). CRC Press.
Goede, R. and Boshuizen‐van Burken, C., 2019. A critical systems thinking approach to
empower refugees based on Maslow's theory of human motivation. Systems Research and
Behavioral Science, 36(5), pp.715-726.
Lumpkin, A. and Achen, R.M., 2018. Explicating the synergies of self‐determination theory,
ethical leadership, servant leadership, and emotional intelligence. Journal of Leadership
Studies, 12(1), pp.6-20.
Rashid, F. and Barron, I., 2022. Jehovah’s witnesses response to child sexual abuse: a critique of
organisational behaviour and management policies (1989–2020). Journal of Sexual Aggression,
pp.1-22.
Tripathi, N., 2018. A valuation of Abraham Maslow's theory of self-actualization for the
enhancement of quality of life. Indian Journal of health and wellbeing, 9(3), pp.499-504.
Verma, P. and Mohapatra, S., 2020. Strong Identification, Weak Ideology, Organisational
Culture or All: Unethical Pro-organisational Behaviour in India. In War, Peace and
Organizational Ethics. Emerald Publishing Limited.