Organisational Behaviour.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Method in which companies politics, powers as well as culture affect the individual and
behavior of its team......................................................................................................................4
M1 the culture, politics and power of an organization influence individual and team behavior
and performance...........................................................................................................................7
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................7
P2 Methods in which the process and content theory assist company to achieve its goal...........7
M2 ways to influence the behaviour of others through motivational theories.............................9
D1Relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation providing justified
recommendations.........................................................................................................................9
TASK 3...............................................................................................................................................10
P3 Factors creating effective team as opposed to ineffective teams..........................................10
M3 Team development theories to support the development of cooperation within effective
teams..........................................................................................................................................13
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................14
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour in organisational context..............14
M4 Concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behavior within a given business
situation......................................................................................................................................16
D2 the relevance of team development theories, concepts and philosophies that influence
behavior in the work place.........................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is a defined as a study of behaviour of persons within business
organisation. It is total of power, politics as well as culture in organisation influencing individual
and member of team. This assignment is carried upon Sainsbury. It is the second biggest
Supermarket chain of UK given by John James Sainsbury. This assignment provides discussion
regarding different topic involving culture which must be followed in company. There are
various theories related to motivation which is adopted by organisation for achieving goal. In
addition to this, the report provides discussion regarding the team and different model that is
connected to improvement of team. At last, the assignment provides discussion regarding
philosophies as well as concept in context of organisation (Açıkgöz and Günsel, 2016)
TASK 1
P1 Method in which companies politics, powers as well as culture affect the individual and
behavior of its team
The vision of Sainsbury is to become a trusted retailer where individual personal want to
work.
The mission of Sainsbury is to provide product according to the choice of its customer in
order to achieve competitive edge.
Influence of culture
Organization culture signifies value and belief which provide a contribution to unique
requirements of organization. Handy signifies culture into four various categories that is given
below:
Power culture is determined as a strong culture within business organization which is in
the hand of individual person who are affecting within organization.
Role culture signifies by responsibility which is in the hand of various individual person
of business organization.

Task culture determines member of team in organization are formed for particular
project.
Person culture is determined as a culture where individual person within business
organization are focuses on being superior to company.
Cultural difference awareness is significant in Sainsbury as company is performed
their business in various location. The individual person from various country represent cultures
in organization to understand difference in culture, increase awareness within an organization
that enable Sainsbury to dealing with opinion, view points as well as talent and many more.
Hofstede's Model
There are various dimension of this theory that is given below:
Individualism/collectivism it is important for an organisation to ensure that their
emphasis on goal of subordinate in addition with group, team or objective of organisation.
Masculine/feminine focuses on improving feminine culture where difference among
rules for men as well as women is less and they get fair treatment within employees of business
organisation (Bjørndal and Ronglan, 2018).
Uncertainty avoidance Sainsbury improves no uncertainty avoidance in order to provide
comfortable environment to its subordinate.
Time perspective Sainsbury focuses on using long term vision that help in achieving
sustainable growth during particular phase of time period.
Indulgence/restraints Sainsbury adopts indulgence in its culture in order to enjoy life.
Therefore, the vision as well as mission of Sainsbury taking into consideration and their
main focus is on task culture. Also they emphasized on linking the individualism & collectivism
appropriately
Due to increase in globalisation and digital economy helps in dealing with
multiculturalism in an appropriate way. The organisation needs to make ensure that they focus
on increasing awareness regarding culture within business organisation. The Sainsbury focuses
on adopting culture in order to dealing with changes in an appropriate manner.

Organisational psychology is determined as behaviour of individual person within
environment of organisation. It is important for company to describe psychology of company for
making ensure that they are appropriate and handling subordinates which assists in bring
solution that help in resolving number of problems within business organisation.
Influence of politics
The politics in company is determined as a procedure and attitude in interaction with its
individual person that includes authority. Politics possess direct effect on personal interest of
individual person within an organization.
Personal, structural decisional and organizational change
Politics in company can influence various aspects within business organization. In order
to take personal challenges imposes both a favorable and adverse effect on employee of company
(Chen and Agrawal, 2018). It also provides motivation level or path to its employees in order to
influence them to perform their work in an appropriate. Politics focuses on influencing structural
changes in business organization. These changes are determined as common changes which are
arise due to politics. The structural changes impose long term influence of business organization.
Decisional changes due to increase in politics within an organization where individual
person is influenced by politics. Due to increase in politics a leader as well as manager may
change or alter their decision. Through politics, the manager of Sainsbury focuses on bringing
changes within business organization.
Influence of power
The individual person focuses on three factors these are quantity of formal authority that is
connected to position, authority which is in hand of expert and third is personality. The
individual person of Sainsbury focuses on three power that give an advantage to its company.
The different kind of power which is going to be mentioned below:
Reward power is the capability through which the management team of organization
focuses on providing privileges, status money as well as promotions.
Coercive power it is related to employees fear if they do not follow work in proper
manner.

Expert power signifies using ability, expertise as well as superior knowledge and
expertise in particular field.
Legitimate power that is depending upon the structure of business organization and it is
verbally as well as in written it is disclosed.
M1 the culture, politics and power of an organization influence individual and team behavior and
performance.
Culture signifies beliefs and values of subordinate that successfully perform their work with
one another. They focus on understanding one another and take strength as well as weakness
positively. In team culture, the focus is on belongingness to understand values of other person to
work in appropriate manner. Politics focuses on influencing individual person to towards
behavior and power of authority that focus on subordinate to increase the behavior which
imposes favorable impact on organization. Power also focuses on individual person to influence
member of team and perform the work by offering rewards and also motivating them (Cloutier,
Cueille and Recasens, 2017).
TASK 2
P2 Methods in which the process and content theory assist company to achieve its goal
Motivation is a process that is focuses on providing guidance to individual person for
achieving goal in timely manner. It includes various social, emotional, cognitive forces during
particular phase of time period.
Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation occurs from inside and extrinsic motivation occurs from external
atmosphere. Whereas individual person is motivated and basically there focuses is on increasing
engagement in functions and bringing satisfaction. Extrinsic motivation assists individual person
in achieving rewards it can be monetary and non monetary reward.
Motivational theory is used for motivating subordinate in order to perform their work in
an appropriate manner. In content theory, the Maslow need theory is used that is given below:

Maslow Need hierarchy theory Abraham Maslow was given this theory as per which
individual person can be influenced by satisfying their requirements. The needs are divided into
different a category that is depend upon hierarchy.
 Physiological need is determined as a first need that involves necessity for survival like
food, shelter water and many more.
 Second is related to safety need that provides protection from danger, threats and many
more.
 Third is related to social requirement which involve belongingness, love, affiliation and
many more.
 The four requirements is self esteem that is related to respect and recognition.
 Self-actualization is determined as a last requirement that signifies person improvement.
It is determined as a highest level of requirement which must be satisfied. The Sainsbury offer
their subordinate with social status, promotion, secure environment for satisfying all needs and
influencing subordinates in order to provide better services to its user.
In process theory, the vroom theory was given by Victor vroom. This theory involves
two conditions in which individual person in company can motivated successfully.
 If person believe that their contribution will assist them to achieve favourable results.
 The second is related to individual person motivated in order to provide award for
becoming successful.
It has been analysed that individual person get motivated they will focuses on exert high
level of effort towards work if they focus is on maintaining relationship among rewards and
contribution is positive or favourable. The management team of Sainsbury focuses on adopting a
performance appraisal to assess input as well as output of subordinate (Hu and Broome, 2019).
Implication of motivational theories
Sainsbury focuses on using both theories within an organisation that help in making sure
that subordinate are regularly performing their work in respect of goals. The rewards include
basic pay, security, and recognition in addition with informal groups, promotion and many more.

The management team of Sainsbury also make sure that they offer reward to subordinate without
any kind of discrimination and maintain good relationship with them.
Behavioural psychology
Emotional intelligence is the ability of individual person to increase understanding and
handle emotion favourably to relief from stress and communicate or interact with empathy for
overcoming from challenges.
Importance of soft skills for manager
The soft skill is determined as a person attribute regarding work and interacts or
communicates with other individual person in an appropriate manner. It is important for manager
to possess a soft skill that helps in bringing good relationship with subordinate. It also helps in
lead its team in an appropriate manner.
Task vs. relationship leadership Task behaviour signifies the action of individual
person or in company and their main focus is to perform work in an appropriate manner. In
addition to this, relationship leader signifies the leader who focuses on maintaining relationship
with member of team.
Psychodynamic approach to behaviour was given by Sigmund Freud. The
management team of Sainsbury for making ensure that they are motivating or increasing other
individual person in organisation to fulfilling task in an appropriate manner.
M2 ways to influence the behaviour of others through motivational theories
Motivational theory focuses on bringing needed changes in behaviour of an individual
person according to Maslow theory which will assist in putting them influenced. The motivated
subordinate focuses on performing work in order to achieve goal and also provide rewards
according to the vroom theory the manager focuses on taken decision related to attitude of
subordinate (Parizi, Spoletini and Singh, 2018).

D1Relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation providing justified
recommendations
Culture, power, motivation as well as politics are all significant elements that assist in
influencing subordinate. This entire factor helps in performing different work in an appropriate
manner. The individual person focuses on looking towards advantages that requires extrinsic
motivation in context of power. The organisation focuses on generating culture, their politics
sustain for improving innovation by using ideas from subordinates.
TASK 3
P3 Factors creating effective team as opposed to ineffective teams
The team is a group of individual person who perform interdependent work for achieving
goal. The effective team determines individual person are united along with same vision and
they have a clear goal to perform their work in an appropriate manner. Ineffective team the
member are not united for the purpose. This group is not linked with common objective.
Basis Effective Team Ineffective team
Purpose The effective team determines
individual person are united along
with same vision and they have a clear
goal to perform their work in an
appropriate manner.
Ineffective team the member are not
united for the purpose. This group is
not linked with common objective
Communication There is clear conversation in team. There is unclear interaction in these
teams.
Responsibilities The roles of member team are
categorized equally.
The roles of members of team are
not clear
Different kind of team

Functional team Herein, the individual person performs their functions with similar
authority. The example can be taken for functional team within an organization is HR
department and its sales team (Roy, 2019).
Problem solving these are the team whose main focus is to finding solution to specific
problem. In organization, the executive level of subordinate performs their work with Team.
Project this is formed in business organization for a particular project. The Sainsbury
focuses on adopting this team to execute particular brand in supermarket.
The impact of technology on organizational team
Technology is used in bringing team together. In present time, the team is generated
involving member from various part of country. Technology assists them to connect with one
another by using video conferencing, mails and many more. The Sainsbury appropriately adopt
this method to organize meeting of manager that is located at various places.
Difference between team and groups
Basis Teams Groups
Definition The team is a group of individual person
who perform interdependent work for
achieving goal.
Collection of more than one
individual people.
Formation Formed by using appropriate process for a
specific reason.
It can be formed depend upon
preferences of individual
person.
Structure Formal Structure Informal Structure
Focus Collective Focus Individual Focus
Knowledge Familiar with other team Not necessarily understand
everyone else in team

Tuckman's team development model
This model was given by Bruce tuckman that signifies five level of improvement of team
member that is given below:
Forming signifies individual person to provide introduction to one another (Sharma and
Sharma, 2016). Every person within team is getting excited to know one another in this level.
Storming signifies individual person focuses on discussing task and there is a difference
in views start among them.
Norming the individual person forget these differences and perform their work with one
another cohesively.
Performing signifies individual person of team emphasized on allotting or assigning
tasks or work to them.
Adjourning the team gets separated and their project gets completed.
In improvement of individual person take place where it is necessary to go through all
these stages in order to improve team in an appropriate manner.
Belbin's team roles
Belbin theory there is nine roles which are needed by team member to increase
productivity level that is given below:
Resource investigator focuses on bringing ideas within member of team in order to grab
opportunity for member of team.
Team worker possess a role to adopt versatility for assessing overall work and finish it
depend upon its team. It is determined as a Cooperative& diplomatic.
Coordinator focuses on objective and goal and also allocating work or task equally with
team member.

Plant focuses on generating creative method in order to resolve different problem which
is confronted by member of team.
Monitor evaluator is responsible for offering impartial judgement to perform work in
smooth manner (Soni, 2020).
Specialist is determined as a responsibility to bringing knowledge of different areas
within member of team.
Shaper is offering important drives in which team focuses on performing their work in
an appropriate manner.
Implementer within team focuses on planning Strategies and tactics to perform work in
an appropriate manner.
Complete finisher to make ensure that there is not any kind of error in work and superior
control measure is adopted.
It is appropriate strategy that assists in improving individual person by providing them
specific role as the capability of individual person related to particular skill in order to achieve
objective.
Soft and Hard communication:
Communication within a member of team has a different kind of soft and hard skill. It
involves interpersonal skill, empathy and many more. And hard skill is connected to technical
knowledge that is needed by individual person in order to obtain information that is needed for a
specific task. In context of Sainsbury, the management team adopt both these kind of skill for
appropriate communication or interaction with team number (Taifa, Desai and Bulsara, 2019).
Cooperation and Competition Corporation signifies increasing outcomes and
competition signifies increasing difference with other individual person. They focus on making
full contribution to maintain a balance in better way. Cooperation assists in completing task and
competition that helps in productivity level of initial percentage.
Benefit and risk of team

There is different type of benefit of team like providing solution to its individual person
that help in increasing productivity. But it has been analysed that there is a conflict which is arise
between team which create clashes related to ideas.
Conflict resolution signifies a procedure where more than two people focus on resolving
complexities. There are various types of skills needed by individual person in order to resolve
such kind of conflict like facilitation, meditation, empathy and many more.
M3 Team development theories to support the development of cooperation within effective
teams
Tuckman and Belbin theory helps in bringing cooperation and coordination within member
of team within business organization. Tuckman provide guidance regarding different stages
related to improvement in team and Belbin theory focus is on allocating task to its team member
in order to reduce conflict.
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour in organisational context
There are different concept related OB that is divided into different categories that are
person and company, the detail is given below:
People
Perception it is defined as a method in which one individual person interpret things that is
different from one another. This is the only reason where some policies of business organisation
is getting opposed by other subordinate.
Individual difference there are different kind of elements that generate difference among
the individual person like ability of individual person to memorize and many more. It is
important that while allotting task to various employees, there are various elements taken into
consideration.
Motivation is important for company to increase understanding level of individual person
and they needed to motivate for completing task in an appropriate manner.

Empowerment is important to empower individual person within business organisation.
They can't be managed machinery and empathy in respect of subordinate is important.
Organisation
Social system in organisation is defined as a group of individual person possess common
objectives. There are two kinds of social system named as formal as well as informal. It is
important to improve both these within business organisation.
Mutual interest it is important to understand that individual person requires organisation,
and the company requires individual person.
Ethics is significant for business organisation it is important that dignity of subordinate is
managed in successful minor. It is important to continuously improve them by offering training
motivating including in taking decisions.
It is important for manager of Sainsbury to put overall concept in mind for generating
strategy. It will assist in improving favourable behaviour of business organisation.
Philosophy
Autocratic model signifies individual person who have a power within business
organisation to give order to individual person to perform work in an appropriate manner.
Custodial model signifies the subordinate are based on company and employees being
independent for welfare of organisation
Collegial philosophy is determined as extension of supporting model. Herein, their main
focus is on achieving goal by its member of team.
Supportive this signifies, the leader focuses on encouraging individual person to perform
work in an appropriate manner. It is appropriate to adopt supportive model for making sure that
the leader provide guidance to its subordinates in order to increase their satisfaction level.
Path Goal Theory within business organisation focus is on specifying style of leadership
and its behaviour that is best fitted to it subordinate and the atmosphere that help in achieving
goal. This theory is a process that helps in selecting particular behaviour which is suitable for its
subordinate and provides guidance to its employees by giving effective working environment
Contemporary barrier to effective Behaviour

For specifically needed behaviour, the modification is challenging. There are various
barriers such as
 Personal resistance is determined as a barrier depends upon behaviour of individual
person they need to participate in improving several behaviours or not.
 Corporate disorganisation signifies the barrier in which some individual person to use
organisational behaviour.
 Lack of insight signifies the deficiency through which company is not able to use
appropriate behaviour.
Social capital theory is appropriate functioning of social group by which interpersonal
relationship used by company in order to improve such kind of situation from various
background and achieve objectives in timely manner.
Contingency theory increases understanding regarding situation that impose direct effect
on leader, the decisions regarding appropriate functioning of organisation. There are various
changes in external atmosphere of Sainsbury through which the organisation alter strategies and
different kind of changes like changing needs of its customer, legislation and many more
M4 Concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behavior within a given business
situation
There are various theories that influence the behavior within an organization. Contingency
theory as well as path goal theory focuses on achieving goal as per the need of customer
employees.
D2 the relevance of team development theories, concepts and philosophies that influence
behavior in the work place
There are various theories such as Tuckman, Belbin and path goal theory that help in
providing guidance to its organization by using different style of maintaining effective team. The
behavior of individual person is influenced by providing guidance and training session to them
(Zhou, Wang and Vancouver, 2019).

CONCLUSION
On given report, it is assessing that organisational behaviour is a defined as a study of
behaviour of persons within business organisation. It is total of power, politics as well as culture
in organisation influencing individual and member of team. This assignment provides discussion
regarding different topic involving culture which must be followed in company. There are
various theories related to motivation which is adopted by organisation for achieving goal. In
addition to this, the report provides discussion regarding the team and different model that is
connected to improvement of team.
.

REFERENCES
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