Organisational Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics, and Power on Individual and Team Behavior and Performance

This document explores the influence of culture, politics, and power on individual and team behavior and performance in the context of organisational behaviour. It discusses various types of organisational culture and their impact on performance. It also evaluates content and process theories of motivation and their application in achieving organisational goals. The document provides insights into effective team development and the application of organisational behavior concepts and philosophies.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
LO1.............................................................................................................................................................3
P1Analyse organisation culture, politics and power influence individual and team behavior and
performance.............................................................................................................................................3
M1Critically analyse the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence individual and
team behavior and performance...............................................................................................................6
LO2.............................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluate content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in organisation context..........................................................................................6
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence behavior of others through effective application of behavioral
motivational theories, concepts and models.............................................................................................8
D1Critically evaluate relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation the enable teams and
organisation.............................................................................................................................................9
LO3.............................................................................................................................................................9
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team...............................................................................9
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support development of cooperation
within effective teams............................................................................................................................11
LO4...........................................................................................................................................................12
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behavior...........................................................12
M4 Evaluate concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behavior.....................................13
D2 Critically analyses and evaluates relevance of team developments theories, concepts and
philosophies that influence behavior in work place...............................................................................13
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behavior refers to the study of the performance of an individual and group
of peoples at the time of performing the task and activity within the organizations. This also
helps in examine the human behavior in the working environment that helps in maintaining the
job structure, performance, motivation, leadership and communication. This project is based on
the Ryanair that is Irish budget airline and founded in the 1984. This report covers the culture,
power and politics that influence the behavior of an individual and group persons and their
performance. It can also helps in showing the motivational theories by using process and content
theories. It also explains the effective teams and ineffective teams so that the organisational can
examine which one is better for accomplishing the task. At last it shows the concepts and
philosophies that helps in giving the productive results on the basis of the business
situation(McShane and et. al., 2018).
LO1
P1Analyse organisation culture, politics and power influence individual and team behavior and
performance
Organisation culture refers to that terms that show the assumptions related to the customs,
belief and values that help in knowing the persons behavior within the organizations. This
culture helps in maintain the flexibility in the working conditions that helps in manages the work
in the company. In context of the Ryanair culture plays an important role for managing the
working and earning the profits in the business firm. It includes the various types of culture that
can be shown below(Kitchin, 2017).
 Person culture - In these culture persons see themselves as an unique and superior to the
business firm. In this culture people are working for the same and getting the same
training, background and skills in the organisation. In terms of Ryanair the employees are
only focus on their own goals and they cannot think and care about other. This shows the
selfish nature of the employees but it improves the individual performance but reducing
the group performance.
 Power culture - In this culture power is hold by the individual persons and this is why
all the employees are follow their decisions without giving any suggestions. In this

Ryanair if leaders can follow this culture than it will reduce the individual performance of
work as they will get demotivated for the work but at the same time it helps in achieving
the goals in the fast manner.
 Task culture - In this culture managers can allocate the work and task to different
individuals so that task can be achieved in time. In context of the Ryanair , manager can
make the groups of interested candidates and then assign the task as per their skills. This
helps in increasing the individual performance and behavior of work as well as group
behavior of the people is also encouraged to work effectively and achieve the
target(Pereira, Malik and Froese, 2017)
 Role culture – in these culture persons is delegated towards the roles and responsibilities
as per their skills, knowledge and interest of complete the work. In these companies
follows the divisional structure to achieve the goals. In Ryanair manager follow this
culture because of there are various divisions are involved and complete the task on time
in a specified time company use this and it shows the effectiveness in the firm.
As per the above explained culture Ryanair follows the task culture as they divide the task as
per the basis of the skills and ability of completing the work. in this the manager mainly focus on
giving the hard and complex task to the male employees as compare to females because they use
the macho style in their organisation. In this they think male can do better and quick work and
the task can be complete in a specific time. It can impact the organisational structure as it helps
in allocating the task and maintaining the coordination between the team members so that they
can work effectively and efficiently. It also helps in expansion and growth of the enterprise as
their employees are working effectively.
Importance of cultural difference awareness
It is an important term that shows the proper culture as per their nature, beliefs and values
because it helps in maintaining the communication, and also helps in decision making and
motivates the individual employee for effective working. Using and follow the proper culture in
the Ryanair is very helpful to manage the employee’s behavior and performance that is helpful in
earning high amount of profits(Burrell and Morgan, 2017).
Rise of globalization and digital technology influence culture

Culture is very influence by the rise in globalization and digital technology as they helps
in transmission of ideas, values in the entire world where Ryanair is operating their business. In
this digital technology place an important role because of using this company can communicate
easily and also do a research without visiting that place which is very effective and reducing the
cost and time of the persons.
Organisational power refers to the process of the abilities of system and the policies of the
business firm so that enterprise can use all resources in an effective way. In these employers
shows their abilities to make things happen and all the people are follow this in an effective
manner. In context of the Ryanair there are powers that helps in influencing the behavior of
individuals are as follows.
 Reward power - It refers to that power in which manager can motivates their employees
by giving them the rewards either in monetary and non-monetary terms. This power
encourage the individual person in the organisation to work effectively and achieve the
results in the desired time. In Ryanair this is very effective type of power because it helps
in encouraging the employees for good work and due to this task can be achieved on
time.
 Coercive power – It is totally opposite to the reward power where the employees get
punished for their bad work due to this they get demotivates and cannot satisfied for their
jobs. In this Ryanair if the manager can use this power than it will negatively impacts the
employees and their behavior due to this task cannot be achieved on time(Wong,
Mahmud, and Omar, F., 2015).
Organisational politics refers to the process of influencing the work in the organisation in a
positive and negative manner. It shows the power and authority that shows the ability to control
the behaviors of individuals in the firm. In terms of Ryanair it can be shown in two ways as
positive and negative impact.
o Positive impact- In Ryanair if the manager can adopts the politics that in which
task can be achieved by maintain and focusing the relations between the
employees so that it shows the positive behavior towards the individual and also
helps in increasing the productivity of work in the working place.

o Negative impact- In this when the manager of Ryanair cannot focus on the
employees satisfaction and their behavior than it will negatively affect the
performance of an employees and task cannot be achieved in an satisfactory level.
M1Critically analyse the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence individual
and team behavior and performance
By using the above factors it is to be analyzed that power, politics and culture can
influence the behavior of the individual and group people. in this Ryanair can enhance their
productivity and their performance level of their employees. In this they can use the role culture
so that managers can encourage the individual person to enhance their performance. In this use
of effective power influence the performance of the individual by motivating and encouraging
them to work. in this politics play an important t role as they help in managing the task and also
encourages the transparent communication that helps achieving the target(Homberg, Vogel and
Weiherl, 2019).
LO2
P2 Evaluate content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in organisation context
Content theory refers to the process of motivate the people by satisfying the needs and wants of
particular employees so that they will feel safe in the organisation. In this Ryanair, manager can
use the Maslow need hierarchy theory that can be shown below(Larijani and Saravi-Moghadam,
2018).
Maslow need hierarchy theory
This need includes the five levels that show in a particular hierarchy. It includes
psychological, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self actualization.
 Psychological needs - it shows the basic needs that involves cloth, food, shelter, air,
water etc. without it no person can function properly. In this Ryanair manager can focus

on the employees basic needs like proper salary, healthy environment where they work so
that all the employees are function in an appropriate manner and involves in completing
the task as an effective manner. In this they mainly focus on the employee’s benefits so
that they will get attracted towards the good work and task can be achieved in an
appropriate manner. (Erbasi, 2017).
 Safety needs- It shows the security, protection and freedom of pain. In this manager of
the Ryanair can provide the medical insurance, health insurance for the safety of an
employee’s so that they feel secured in the working environment and because of this they
work freely and effectively and achieves the task in an appropriate manner. in this their
safety is the major objectives for the manager to focus so that for attracting the
employees to the good work they can provide the life insurance facility to their
employees.
 Social needs – It shows the love affection, friendship etc. in this manger of Ryanair can
ensure that the all the employees are maintain their relations with other people so that
they can achieve the target in an appropriate manner. And also they engaged in the social
activities that can be performing in the firm. For example they maintain their relation
with the customers so that manager can appreciate them and provide bonus for that
because they fulfills the weak points that a company can face.
 Esteem needs- It shows the self-respect, confidence and achievements, recognition etc.
In this manager of the Ryanair can provide the rewards and recognition to their
employees so that they can focus on achieving the targets and it also influence the
behavior of individual to work better. In this if they achieve the target related to
satisfying the customers than the manager can recognize in front of all the departments
for their good work and offers the upper position so that other peoples are also get
motivated to work.
 Self-actualization - It is the high level needs that shows the desire and develop the
potential to work effectively. In this person can focus on this needs when they fulfills all
the above needs. In this employees of the Ryanair can focus on specialization of the task
so that they can achieve all the targets in the future terms so that everybody respect
them(Balmer and Burghausen, 2015). In this the employees of Ryanair can mainly focus

on the customer satisfaction and maintain their social relation so that they can work on
this and get specialized so that the manager can appoint them as a expert.
Process theory refers to the process of motivation that shows the individual behavior that helps
in motivating the work for achieving the targets. It includes the Vroom expectancy theory which
helps in achieving the targets in time.
Vroom Expectancy theory
It refers to that theory that helps in knowing the behavior of the individuals with
the purpose of maximize pleasure and minimize pain. It includes three factors like valance,
instrumentality and expectancy that can be shown below(Katou, 2015).
 Valance - In this the person can encouraged and motivates towards the perceived value
so that the goals can be reached on a specified time. In this manager of the Ryanair can
encourage every employees as per their motivational level in this some can be motivated
by money and some can using their leaves so that manager can provides them so that they
can achieved the task. it is very important to get motivated all the employees because of
successful completion of task.
 Instrumentality – It refers to that idea in which if a person can perform better than they
achieve the desired outcome which is important for the every company. A manager of a
Ryanair can encourage their employees so that they perform better and if they perform
better task can be accomplished in an appropriate manner.
 Expectancy – It refers to that idea that shows the amount of effort that a person can make
for improving the performance and achieving the task in an appropriate manner. In
context of Ryanair manager can use this technique so that every employees can make the
100% efforts to complete the task and improve their overall performance that helps in
providing the rewards for their works.
This theory helps in encouraging for the good work and gives the company productive results. It
also helps in motivating the other employees so that they better their performance for earning the
various benefits and recognition in the organisation. In Ryanair this motivational theories shows
the employees are effectively work in a team and enhances their individual performance to

getting the special benefits. In this all employees by getting motivate that is done by the manager
of the company. All this is very fruitful for the organisation and shows the better condition.
Content theory Process theory
This theory emphasis on the needs of the
individual that helps in encouraging them to
good work.
This theory is more emphasis on the behavior
of the individuals that helps in accomplishing
the targets.
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability and control of emotions by an individual person in
the particular situation. In this Ryanair if employees contain high degree of emotional
intelligence so that they can achieve the goal in an effective way. If they have low controls on
their emotions than they cannot achieve the target in an effective manner(Mohammad and et. al.,
2015). .
Importance of soft skills of managers and teams
The main importance of the soft skills of a Ryanair managers is that they can shows the
effective communication and solves the problems that the employees can face at the time of
doing the task. In this manager can focus on their employee’s behavior so that they cannot face
any problem in accomplishing the task. It also helps in creative thinking in the working
environment which is more important to gaining the competitive advantage.
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence behavior of others through effective application of
behavioral motivational theories, concepts and models
It is to be evaluated that the Ryanair use the various motivational theories to
increase the effectiveness of the work in the individual persons. In this manager can use the
Maslow need hierarchy theory that helps in satisfying the individual needs so that they work in
an appropriate manner. In this Vroom expectancy theory helps in analyzing the person’s
behavior towards the achieving the targets so that they can work effectively and efficiently and
gives the appropriate results to the particular task(Gabriel and et. al., 2015).
D1Critically evaluate relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation the enable
teams and organisation
By using the above report it is critically analyse that the relationship between the culture,
power and politics is very essential to achieve the task in an appropriate manner without it no

task can be achieved on time and in an effective way. To manage and maintain the relations and
motivates them to good work motivational theories work as an effective and efficient way.
LO3
P3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Team refers to the group of individuals that work together to perform and achieve
common goals in a specified time period. In this they work in a team with different skills and
knowledge to complete the task and goals. In this all the persons are together responsible for the
positive and negative outcomes. It includes various types of teams in Ryanair context(Zaraket
and Halawi 2017).
 Problem solving team - It refers to that team that is designed for solving the particular
problem and in these special persons can be involved to solve the issues and achieves the
objectives. This type of team in the Ryanair can assembled for the short time to solve the
emergent conditions and achieve the targets for longer sustainability in the marketplace.
In this they make a team to solve the problem related to the employee’s issues and
customer satisfaction. On this the team is working and suggests the various strategies
overcome this problem so that they can earn high amount of profits.
 Virtual teams - In this type of team group are people are working together but work in a
distance as they are located in different areas. In this digital technology plays an
important role for achieving the targets in the different locations. By using the technology
they can communicate with other team members. It is very useful type of teams in the
Ryanair for completing the targets. In this their employees are placing on the different
location to research the market so that they can analyse what customers can face problem.
for this it is very beneficial to visit on different place in this digital technology plays an
important role to make connections between the teams members so that task can be
achieved very fastly.
 Functional team - It refers to that team that can be made for the permanent basis. In this
every employees are came together to share their objectives. In this the employees can
work in a team but they perform different functions to accomplish the goals which are
very important for the company. In Ryanair this can be made for managing the different

task and maintains the behavior on the group for reaching the particular targets. For
example the manager can assigns the task to the employees as per their skills and
management like customer satisfaction department play to solve the customer demand,
marketing manager do promote the company and all this functions are interlinked in this.
due to this task can be achieved in the time. (Ruck, 2017).
Working in the teams helps in encouraging and boosting the morale of the employees.
Because these teams can be made on the volunteer bases where members are become a part of
team as per their choice. And it this they can do a work as per their abilities and skills this will
enhances the profits and knowledge and improves the performance of an individual person to
complete the task. In Ryanair effective team can be work with freedom and where there is
communication can be done on two way process. this helps in succession the task of the
customer satisfaction and employee related issues.
Difference between effective and ineffective teams
Basis Effective teams Ineffective teams
Meaning It refers to the foundation of
the successful achieving the
targets and improves the
quality of working to complete
the projects.
It refers to that team in which
there is no clear vision is set
and due to this task cannot be
achieved in the time and face
the loss in the marketplace.
Effect on performance This teams effects positively
in the individual performance
in a team so that goals can be
reached.
This type of team negatively
affects the individual
performance of working in a
team due to this task cannot be
accomplished in a time.
Communication It includes two way
communication that shows
communication can be done in
manager and employees.
In this information is transfer
from one side that is from
manager side in this there is
no right to the employees to
say anything.
Tuckman theory of team development

This theory is proposed by the DR. Bruce Tuckman that shows the five aspects such as
forming, norming , storming, performing and adjourning. In context of the Ryanair this can be
shown below(Bailey and et. al., 2017).
 Forming – It is an initial stage where each member in the organization can try to
recognize other so that they know their behavior and attitudes to perform the task. In this
Ryanair leaders can take the responsibility of preparing standards, rules and objectives
for their employees so that they can talk to each other and recognize the strength and
weaknesses so that manager can decide what type of training does they provide to
accomplish the task. In this the leader can notify that how an individual can connects to
the customers and to deal with the situation according to that they can provide the
training and development session. this helps in giving the productive work.
 Storming – In this stage every person try to maintain their relations with each other in
the Ryanair the manager can give right to take participate in decision making process so
that every team member can give their suggestions and then leader can choose the
suitable one at this time conflicts may arise. To reduce the conflicts between the
employees manager can provide counseling and coaching program so that they can share
their ideas and reduce the difficulty in completion the task. It is very important for the
company so that it reduces the conflicts and enhances the productivity of individual
members.
 Performing – In this stage Ryanair manager can focus on the performance of an
individual person so that they can motivates and encourage according to that. In this they
encourage by giving them rewards as per their efficiency and effectiveness. This helps in
maintain the decorum in the particular team. In this manager need to provide benefits to
those who can solve the problem by giving the innovative idea to solve the problem of
customer satisfaction. in this they can give benefits to those employees who provide the
best ideas this will encouraging the employees to think innovatively and improve their
performance.
 Norming- In this stage Ryanair manager can analyze the team members and their
comfort zone so that they maintain the trust on them and task can be completed on a
mutual basis. In this leader helps in motivation them to give their innovative ideas to
perform a particular job.

 Adjourning – It is the last stage where team gets separated because the goal can be
achieved. In the leader of the Ryanair can take feedback from their members so that they
know what problem they face at the time of achieving the target so that in future they can
work on it and reduce the effect.
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support development of
cooperation within effective teams
By analyzing the different types of team in an organisation it is to be evaluated that
cooperation between the team members is very necessary to complete the objective and earns a
high amount of profits. In this company can use the Tuckman theory to develop the team so that
they will encourage for the good work and this helps in giving the positive outcomes to the
business firm. This theory maintains the corporation in the individual team members so that they
work without any conflicts.
LO4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behavior
Path goal theory – It refers to that theory that shows the effective leadership style or
behavior which helps in fulfilling the employee’s needs in the working environment that would
help in achieving the targets. In Ryan air this theory is used to solve the problem of the pilot
regarding their benefits that is withdraw by the company at this time leader play an important
role to manage the relation between the company and the employees and encourage them to good
work and it is also helpful in re-structuring the organisation (Gabriel and et. al., 2015).
 Achievement - It refers to that type of leadership style in which leaders and managers
can assign the task as a challenge to their employees and give them deadline for complete
the targets. In this leaders of the Ryanair can executing their approach to achieve the
short term role but it is not an appropriate style to solve the problems of avoiding the
benefits of an employees. So this style in not suitable in this situation.
 Directive – This leadership styles shows that leaders can assign the work and telling
them to coordinate and scheduling their work so that task can be accomplished in a
desired time. In this Ryanair leaders can assigns the task and directs their employees for
their effective work. This type of style is suitable where there is uncertainty is present in

the environment and employees cannot handle the situation on their own. At this situation
this leadership style is not suitable for this situation.
 Participate - In this type of leadership style leaders can give the rights to their
employees in decision making process so that they get encouraged in doing the work and
accomplishes the targets on the desired time. At this time they feel secured in the
company and perform their best. In Ryanair leader cannot use this style at this situation
because in this they cannot take any decisions but they need support so that the
information can be transfer to the top level managers and problems can be solved.
 Supportive - It refers to that leadership style in this leaders can supports their employees
so that they feel secure and motivated to do a work and complete the task in an effective
manner. In context of the Ryanair this style of leadership is very suitable in this leader
can supports the employees to take their benefits and in this leader can pass the
information about the employee’s problems to the top level managers so that they feel
motivated and encouraged to complete the task. Leaders can take the responsibility to get
back the employees benefits so that they will do their work without any consequences.
In this Ryanair can use the supportive leadership style because to handle the situation related to
the employees as they are facing the problem of the not getting the proper benefits from the
company side this will reduce their morale for good and effective working. This leadership styles
helps in restructuring the organisation as there leader can supports the employees where they can
share there problems to the leaders and than leaders can take the responsibility of solving it. This
wills helps in bettering the organisation structure and every employee are working very
effectively. by using the supportive leadership style it will helps in improving the performance of
the employees and its productivity because they get the supports form the leaders which is very
important to feel safe and secured. This gives the employees a satisfaction so that they can work
very effectively and efficiently.
Social capital
It refers to the theory that shows the social relationship which helps in development and
accumulation of the human capital. It shows the trust, civic norms so that targets can be
achieved in time and company earns high amount of profits. This theory helps in maintaining the
relation with the customers that is more important for the Ryanair to reduce the problem of the

customer satisfaction. in this leaders can fully supports the employees as they provide various
hints to tackle the problems this also helps in maintaining the organisation environment and it is
very beneficial for the organisation re-sturcturinhg.
Contingency theory
It shows the best leadership theory and effectiveness in an contingent way that helps in
matches the situation and achieve the targets. In this actions can be dependent on inner and outer
source because it helps in deciding the best leadership style as per the situation.
M4 Evaluate concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behavior
It is to be analyzed that the concepts and philosophies play an important role in
influencing the behavior of an individual and group peoples. In this path goal theory play an
essential role in showing the effective leadership style that a leaders can choose to solve the
problem that a Ryanair face. It helps in encouraging the employees to achieve the targets on
timely manner(Ruck, 2017).
D2 Critically analyses and evaluates relevance of team developments theories, concepts and
philosophies that influence behavior in work place
It is to be critically evaluated that the use of team development theory in the company can
helps in maintains the decorum and discipline in the organisation. And it also helps in solving the
problems of the employees by using the supportive leadership style so that they can solve the
problem of workers related o their benefits. It is very important to follow the effective leadership
style so that task can be accomplished on time and firm earns high amount of profits and longer
sustainability in the marketplace.
CONCLUSION
From the above explained report it is to be concluded that the organisational behavior is
the important term to determine the behavior and performance of an individual and group person.
It also helps in showing the culture, politics and power that influences the individual behavior for
the good work and achieve the target on the given time. It also suggests the Maslow theories and
expectancy theories that help in motivating the employees for the good work and also they
satisfied with their jobs. It also helps in giving the effective team and ineffective team aspects

that enhances the knowledge related to the team development. At last it suggests the path goal
theory on the given situation that helps in maintaining the decorum within the
organisational(Homberg, Vogel and Weiherl, 2019).

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