Organization Behavior of Ryanair

Organisational
behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
ACTIVITY 1....................................................................................................................................1
a) Critically evaluate culture, nature of power and political behaviour of the management..1
ACTIVITY 2....................................................................................................................................3
Critically evaluate how content and process theories of motivation could be used to positively
influence staff performance....................................................................................................3
Difference between content and process theory of motivation. ............................................4
Apply one content and process theory to ryanair...................................................................4
ACTIVITY 3 .................................................................................................................................10
identify and explain the different types of teams which operates within Ryanair airlines and
why this range of teams is important to the success of the organisation .............................10
Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organizer is the study of both group and individual performance. In other words, it is the
activity which involved the role of human behavior and the organization itself. Organizational
behavior researchers study the behavior of individual, primarily in their company roles. Th main
purpose of organizational behavior is to revitalize organizational theory and develop a better
understanding of organization. Present study will be base on the topic Organization behavior of
Rynair which is an Irish budget airline company found in 1984. In order to accomplish the
purpose of this study, it will be outline some essential subject like how culture, politics and
power influence the performance of the business. Also, report summarize the theories of
motivation and motivational techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an
organizational context. Organizational behavior is highly influenced by effective team in order to
give more information on this study will applying the different models and theories of effective
team as well. Further, In this report it will also cover the concept and philosophies of
organizational in order to better get the deep understanding on the given topic.
ACTIVITY 1
a) Critically evaluate culture, nature of power and political behaviour of the management.
Hofstede's cultural dimensions’ theory is a framework for cross-cultural communication,
developed by Geert Hofstede. It describes the effects of a society's culture on the values of its
members, and how these values relate to behaviour, using a structure derived from factor
analysis(McShane and Glinow, 2017) .
Organizational culture is the environment which includes the following factors organization
expectations like organization expectations, experiences, philosophy. Organisational culture is a
systematic form of surroundings which consists of a basic set of values, ideas and perception of
an individual person who connected with the Rynair. Business leaders and managers play a
important role to the creation and communication of their workplace culture. In initial time
leaders of Rynair is not so much good in terms of employee creation (ORGANISATIONAL
CULTURE, 2019). The values, the beliefs and the implication of these are the soul of the
organisational culture. Charles Handy has divided this impact into four categories and those
would be-
Organisational culture
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Organizational culture is the environment which includes the following factors
organization expectations like organization expectations, experiences, philosophy.
Organisational culture is a systematic form of surroundings which consists of a basic set of
values, ideas and perception of an individual person. Business leaders and managers play a
important role to the creation and communication of their workplace culture. In initial time
leaders of Ryanair is not so much good in terms of employee creation(Bakotić D 2016). The
values, the beliefs and the implication of these are the soul of the organisational culture. Charles
Handy has divided this impact into four categories and those would be-
Task
The power will shift in a team will shift from one to another due to the project or
problem(Basu R 2016). The tasks can change frequently and sometimes take a long time to
change. Some employees can be skilled in some fields and the other employees in another. So,
due to this the power keeps shifting for an effective work environment. There has to be a right
mix of leadership and personality because of this the team can work creatively and productively
(McShane and Glinow, 2017). The company is therefore the best in UK but there services is not
best as per the customer review and employees are around 17000 but they are now decreasing as
an business and profitability they are well planned and organised in there kind of steps. The tasks
they get are always well distributed and the powers are given to the right person who can handle
the team.
Hofstede's Model of work culture
Power Distance : The first factor is power it is a term which is equally divided within the
organisation as per the role and designations. Every employee enjoys their rights as according to
the given position within the organization(Burrell G and Morgan G 2017). There are some
organisation which believe in appointing team leaders or team managers who plays an important
job role within the organisation. Power creates culture within the organization as per the required
task. Power can be good or bad which is regulated by the employees. Ryanair leaders are less
effective in earlier days due to which the level of motivation within the organization is low.
Masculinity VS Femininity : This factor another factor of Hofstede's model which
defines the differentiate between male and female values on the culture of the organization.
Organisation where male employees dominate their female counterparts will follow different
policies. Such differences between male or female can give negative impact on the overall
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business environment. This happened because male employees is more aggressive than women
employees which create negative culture among existing ones.
Individualism : This is other factor which is considered and create a difference in within
organization culture. Many employees are relied on one person who take and decide the all task
and priority(Cherry S 2017). This culture of business known as individualism in which only
single person take authority to control the task. These organizations believe that the output is
always more when individuals exchange their ideas.
Uncertainty Avoidance Index : Uncertainty avoidance index refers to a culture where
employees know how to respond to uncertainties activity(Erbasi A 2017). Apart from that, this
factor measure the patience level of employees weather they all are comfortable with it or not.
Organization try hard to avoid such situations and also makes employee competitive and strong.
Long term Orientation : These are some organizations which focus on long term
relationship with the employees(Elsmore P 2017). This business task has to be completed in the
best forming results and also make changes according to the previous task.
Raven's power types
In order to examine the power within the organization so that there are four types of
different power which define the organization behaviour and their performance management of
staff members as well. Some powers are given below:
The main type of power which is being followed by Ryanair is Reward power. In this
company motivates employees by giving rewards to workers so that they can make workers work
more effectively and efficiently.
Reward Power : Reward power can be of different forms which have power to motivate
employees and given them ability to perform in more productive manner(Isaacs G.G 2018).
Reward power is the process under which employees rewarded by the company on his/her good
performance. This power can help to rise positive environment within the organization.
Expert Power : Expert power reflect the position which poorly effective and influencing
in the best possible manner(Issever H Soyuk S and Sengun H 2016). Expert power is helpful that
helps leaders or employees to perform in more productive manner. Often times this type of
power in informal rather than official. Also it might including the expert suggestions from the
seniors who have got high experienced and managing. This power have long lasting effect on the
system which ensure the best formation growth.
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Legitimate power : This power is the most recognized power where the leader is able to
control their team members by the ability to take things away. This power also known as title
power because it is the power that comes along with being appointed to a specific
position(Machin D 2019). This kind of power can be extremely useful for the leaders to make
some effective decision making. This form of business organization.
Coercive power : This is the opposite of power reward in which leader lead the team and
control them according to which they want. In many ways, where the team members may strive
for excellence in order to achieve
Impact of Politics
ACTIVITY 2
Critically evaluate how content and process theories of motivation could be used to positively
influence staff performance.
Motivation is the reason for people's actions, willingness and goals. Motivation is derived from
the word motive which is defined as a need that requires satisfaction.
Motivation is a word comes from word motive which refers to desires, needs, wants
within the individuals. This is the process of challenging people to achieve the goals. It
encourages people to give their 100% performance and helps to accomplish companies
objectives. A positive motivation helps in increasing employees output and negative motivation
will reduce their performance.
Difference between content and process theory of motivation.
Content theory
Content theory look for the aspects inside the people which cause, stop or sustain behavior.
Focus of thus theory is on needs which motivate people. This theory simply indicate that
individuals are different and they have unique source of motivation. It will be helpful to
managers to understand the source of motivation for every individual employee(Ruck K Welch
M and Menara B 2017). It creates tension where there is a absence of motivation factors and it
will aim negative performance. There are some needs which is suggested by these theories to try
to satisfy these needs.
Identify the specific needs which will rise the desired behavior.
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Rewards will be helpful to satisfy these needs. By identifying these needs it will help to create
impact on motivational programs created by managers.
Optimization in performance if rewards will be offered properly. It is important to assure that the
rewards which are provided are proper or not.
It is important to create or design motivation programs to satisfy or fulfill changing needs.
Process theory
On the other hand process theory explore that how behavior is caused, stopped and sustained by
the motivational factors. There are four process theories which include reinforcement, equality,
expectancy and goal setting(Waterson P 2018). This process theory implies that individual
choices are based on preferences, factors of reward and accomplishment sense. Managers should
understand the motivation process. This theory argues that goals have to be more specific to
drive better performance. Theory of process is also supported by research. There are few things
which we can understand from this process theory which are:
Goals are important for direct behavior.
Equity can be considered an important aspect while creating the motivational programs.
Apply one content and process theory to ryanair.
Content theory of motivation is related with the internal factors that activates human behavior.
There are four content theories which are:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Alderfer's ERG theory
Herzberg's dual factors theory
Three needs theory.
Maslow Hierarchy
1. Physiological needs- In Ryanair the minimization of wages is important need. If we are
engaging our employees in working for long and for unfriendly hours can put negative
affect on morale of staff.
2. Safety needs- Ryanair recruits its staff from Crew link and workers are also employed by
Crew link in compare with Ryanair , which the staff is slightly hire out. Outsourcing
brings flexibility in the company in choosing or not to renew contracts if they expire.
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3. Social needs- employees of Ryanair is happy with the positive effect which is creating a
good environment at workplace, better relationship with colleagues, cooperative attitude
between team work and peers.
4. Esteem needs- recognition of achievements. Various authorization and incentives are
available to accomplish goals. Commissions are given to employees on flight sales to
cabin crew.
5. Self actualization- opportunities for creativity and personal growth and at last promotion.
Working for Ryanair gives advantage in promotion like selection in better flight
companies than Ryanair .
Equity theory for Ryanair (process theory)
It helps in motivating employees of Ryanair by getting motivated in accomplishing goals and
then maintain them. The best advantage of equity in Ryanair is that it will provide rewards to
every employee and that will helps in engaging employees into work and the equity is based on
giving rewards equally to every employees and because of no biasedness every employees
should be motivated and happy.
Content theory refers to that theory which explains that why human needs change with
time(Subba D and Rao M.K 2017). According to this activity, Content theories of job
satisfaction describe the needs and values that must be fulfilled in the job of the and the
customers need satisfaction RyanairAirlines Expectancy- In this variable there has to be a right
source of raw material available, the right job skills and having the right support to get the work
done by others.
Instrumentality- An employee is doing its best because they know that the outcome of the work
will have a reward for them in the end of it. That will make them work more and trust the
organization for the work which is being allotted to them. To make the work happen faster and
better the employees are shown an image of something they get by the end of it.
Valence- There is a different expectation from every individual for the work they are doing.
Some people prefer money in return for the effort they put in but the others may prefer extra
days off from work (Miner, 2015).
Maslow hierarchy of needs- According to Maslow need theory we state that human need into
the different needs and these stages will help the Ryanair airlines to motivate there employees
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and there satisfaction in their respective jobs. There five needs of Maslow hierarchy are as
follows:
1. physiological needs
2. safety needs
3. social needs
4. Love and belongingness need
5. esteem needs
6. self-actualization needs
1. Physiological needs- In Ryanair is facing such problem with their services and through
this their customer has now been shifted from Ryanair airlines and now the employees of
the Ryanair airlines not satisfied their physiological needs, as the business of airlines is
not having effective business as their profits are getting low the employees are unable to
satisfy their physiological needs to sustain human life as cloths, food and shelter. They
are getting less and paid less in every aspect. To perform their jobs and duties Ryanair
airlines workers need healthy environment and sustain to run their without these needs
like without food they can not work, they need time and rest. If they follow the Maslow
need in employee management. Maslow states that every person need to exist in four
basic requirements for survival, people become incapable of developing their ambitions,
physiological needs will Ryanair airlines to motivate there employees with effective and
efficient way with good working hours where they can sleep at least 6 to 7 hours as their
flights delay and technical errors made in airline so they have to put their best efforts in
it.
2. Safety needs- In Ryanair airlines there is high safety required in context of employees
who work on runways as for pilots of Ryanair airlines who flew there plans and for
customers as well. In the Maslow need theory safety need are the second most emerging
need in the mind of people's as the core safety needs to sustain in this world. Maslow
stated that to perform the jobs of any sector especially in industry sector a safe and secure
working environment reduce the risk of injury and death at the same time. When
employees believe and carry no trust issues with the organizations then they will work
freely and by this nature of workers will bring efficiency n the work culture of the
Ryanair airlines. Ryanair airlines has some drawbacks when it comes to employees safety
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and they had such accidents in the past where several employees and customers got in to
the fatal accidents, which questioned company's safety, so company should emphasis on
the safety needs of the employees to motivate them and get them out of the fear of safety
which is actually a need of the employees. Security also applies when it comes to
absenteeism of the employees. When employees believe that the safety of them is taken
care by the management and monitored by them which ultimately boost the moral of the
workers.
3. Social needs: Ryanair airlines employees about 17000 people of whom 5,500 are pilots.
9000 cabin crew and has a further 1,130 maintenance staff and operation workers they all
have families and friends and they all make social groups and workplace offers an
opportunity to employees to be part of a team in which members share their knowledge
and skills among the employees as Ryanair airlines is a unique brand. It is managed to
become one of Europe's most successful airlines despite a reputation of poor and
ineffective services that bothered the customers(Myers C.J 2015). If company identifies
the social needs as friendships, peer support and the ability to giver and receive love
which was mentioned by the Maslow in social needs I fulfilled of the employees then,
they will go on to the next need cause Maslow theory need is based on the hierarchy.
Ryanair airlines employees find it very useful as they follow Maslow need theory.
Employees benefits, job security in Ryanair airlines is tough because they are facing
such bad phase of their work span so their employees are scattered and afraid for
companies lose so here t Ryanair airlines can assure there employees of job security and
give them benefits and safe working conditions.
4. Love and belongingness needs- This is very important for the human needs and specially
when the basic needs are fulfilled the human being needs belongingness in the
organization. Ryanair airlines gives the employees the feeling of belongingness in the
company so that they feel that there work matters in the organization and they are
motivated to do the needful work with passion. The organization is not providing anyone
with a feeling of as if they are not required in the organization because if the employee
feels that then the company will be in lose and not that individual. The environment plays
a major role in the belongingness of the employee in the organization.
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5. Esteem needs- As the Maslow's need hierarchy is complete with physiological needs,
safety and social needs then the esteem needs if Ryanair airlines is not treating their
employees, there staff as there part of organization it will hurt the esteem, self respect and
status of the employees. If airlines is not providing any of the support or the proper
motivation to the employees which lead them towards dissatisfaction and this
disappointment will reflect to their esteem needs. Ryanair airlines must motivate the
employees and staff by giving them respect, recognition and show they how important
they are to the airlines. Most of the employees have grievances towards the company and
these grievances build sadness, bitterness, lazy working, careless workforce which take
company towards down fall and this downfall give company bad image. It helps in
motivating employees of Ryanair by getting motivated in accomplishing goals and then
maintain them. The best advantage of equity in Ryanair airline is that it will provide
rewards to every employee and that will helps in engaging employees into work and the
equity is based on giving rewards equally to every employees and because of no
biasedness every employees should be motivated and happy.
6. Self-actualization needs- last of this hierarchy of Maslow need theory the self-
actualization needs ride where employees retain there more needs in form of self-
actualization(Grobler S.W and Du Plessis Y 2016). Once all the physiological, safety,
social, self-esteem needs are met or performed then individuals are capable of achieving
their true potentials and embodying truth, self-actualization make employees
independent with their work and their confidence. Ryanair airlines provides there
employees self-actualization needs where they can feel safe, independent and mangers
appreciates their subordinates and employees and the worth of each of the individuals and
focusing so intently on the end game that they lose all eyes of humans. According to
Maslow human nature sometimes behaves so fragile is the employees is working bad and
not good with works then few words of any managers can bring that confidence from the
employee which was missing from them.
Process theory of motivation- according to this theory which clearly distinguish it with the
content this theory from content theory that process theory is that theory that the physiological
and behavioral processes that motivate and give confidence to the employees of the organization
is called as process theory. This theory tells the exact need and how they get affected by any of
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the behavior of others in order to achieve goal. Where contain theory emphasize on the question
what motivates employees, the process theory address more the issues relating how they can be
motivated by the policies and plans
,Carrot and stick approach- this approach is perfectly suited for the current condition and tells the
exact story of the Ryanair airline which is facing quite a problem in the market. According to
the carrot and stick approach some employees and workers of Ryanair airlines are motivated by
there desire to achieve more and never quit attitude. But some workers are in fear of getting
kicked off from the Ryanair airlines as they think that company is not earning well and not in
profits mode so employees and workers are in fear, where they think of losing there jobs and
being fired by the superior or not being able to adequately perform an assignment.
Herzberg two factor – it is also called motivation hygiene theory. This dual factor and
motivation hygiene theory. In this theory hygiene factors are salary, working condition, safety
and security are unsuitable. Motivating factors on the other hand personal growth is based on job
satisfaction and motivation.
Dissatisfaction level- low level Hygiene factors
No Dissatisfaction- high level
No satisfaction level- low level Motivation factors
Satisfaction- high level
Herzberg's five factors of job satisfaction (motivating factors)
 achievement
 recognition
 work itself
 responsibility
 advancement
ACTIVITY 3
identify and explain the different types of teams which operates within Ryanair airlines and
why this range of teams is important to the success of the organisation
Effective team working is the team which work effectively and work as group. Ryanair
airlines is working as a team from long time and To have a productive team listening to the team
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members plays an important role. This way the team works efficiently. The decisions which are
taken in this team frame are in acceptance by all the team members and there are lesser conflicts.
Ryanair airlines carry and lead a effective teams today and they achieve so much with this team.
Ryanair airlines employees about 17000 people of whom 5,500 are pilots. 9000 cabin crew and
has a further 1,130 maintenance staff have different departments and different teams. All the
members of the team has some or another kind of contribution in the task allotted and with great
efforts. Cabin crew of Ryanair airlines works as an effective team as they share their works in the
team for the safety of customers. With an groomed team of air hostess who serve the customers
in a good way. Ryanair airlines have excellent team of engineering who checks all the plans
measures that it is ready to fly or not, They also have an effective pilot team which handle daily
flights from one place to another place. Team members work according to the leaders and what
is to be required in that certain time period to achieve organisational goal.decision which are
taken with the superior and according to the team mutual decision. In an effective team work the
members of the team put in all the efforts and have a voice of their own they did not suffocate to
raise there voice in Ryanair airlines they have there perfect team which works in effective and
efficient way to achieve their goals. When there is a task allotted to all the people then the work
is distributed equally and is accepted by everyone. Clear guidance is also provided to get the
work done.
Bruce Tuckman's Team development model
Forming- There is a proper direction and guidance from the leader and the team is
dependent on that. All the doubts that a team have been cleared by the leader and the leader must
be always ready to answer all the questions that there team has, be it the objective or purpose or
any external relationships. Ryanair airlines have superior where they perform all types of
leadership where they use them to form a team actors and are always making there team clear of
all the doubts and making the team work effectively.
Storming- The decisions of an organization does not come in so easily and have to really
discussed among the team members before taking any decision and these decision is taken by
leaders of Ryanair airlines where they make decision according to the need of the team. The
team needs to be really focused on the organization and not there personal problems when they
come for work. There is no space for emotions and relationships in the organization.
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Norming- The commitment of Ryanair airlines team whether it is crew team, pilots teams,
servers, engineering team, mechanical teams all are involved in making of strong airlines and
becoming successful. Responsibilities and roles are very clear with the team members. There is a
common respect for the leader of the team of Ryanair and everyone is a leader in the own fields
and are always there for one another.
Performing- the team of Ryanair airlines is always aimed to serve to the customer in a best and
possible way and Ryanair airlines is also aware well of there aim and objective and they know
what is to be done and how it is to be done with the best possible way. They assigned work to the
leaders of every team like crew member ahead to ensure safety of passengers and head engineer
for the airplane's condition. Ryanair airlines team have a good bond and can openly ask there
leaders for interpersonal development.
Path- goal Theory This is a theory in which the leader appreciates for the work the employees
does and motivates them to do more for the organization and to achieve the aims and objectives
of the organization and personal. The leader is the only personal who can motivate the
employees in a way that no one else can and make them take out there best for the betterment of
the organization. Ryanair airlines have leaders in there organization who make the employees
take out there best of innovations and hard work to reach the goals of the company. As a service
sector organization it is very compulsory for the Ryanair airlines specifies there intention to the
public they serve the passenger and serve them.
Flexible- The leadership of the leaders is very flexible and can adapt to all kind of situations.
This can only happen because of the environment of the business and also because of the
characteristics and work. The ability of motivation and work independently also plays a major
role. Ryanair airlines behave flexible with employees for effective workforce.
Investigating Motivation- The leader can motivate and influence there employees to get a better
outcome from the organization to achieve the goals and aims of the company, M&S. The leader
must know how to motivate there team accordingly and have influence on the employees to get
the best out of them (Podsakoff, MacKenzie and Podsakoff, 2018). Motivation can be given in
terms of wages and rewards. The leader must have respect in there teams so that if they say
something then the team obeys that and works upon it efficiently. The leader and the
management must keep some kind of motivation for the employee so that they can work
efficiently.
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Social Capital Theory
In Ryanair airlines as they are in the sector of the airlines where passengers travel from
one city to another city or one country to another country as they serve passengers one of the best
ride in the world but sometimes they also failed to impress the passengers The company tries to
be as flexible as possible in the recent years with there employee because the company has faced
the down fall with the employees turn over. The company has seen the worst and the best of the
market and has they have taken effective measures now. The trust and values the employees
share with one another are same and there is mutual understanding and respect too (Tasselli,
Kilduff and Landis, 2018). The company is always thinking for the benefit for not just its
organisation but also the benefit of its company employees. The team must always be kept
together and that is only possible when the team leader takes the entire team together and treats
everyone equally.
Conclusion
As according to this study which identifies the role and the responsibility of the Ryanair
airlines as among the largest in Europe and have so any employees and for those employees they
have different motivation and performance evaluations models which have different way to
develop the motivation and step how teams efficiently work for the organisation. The leadership
and organisational behaviour in the internal environment is really good and taken good care of
by the management. If the employees are happy then there is a probability of getting in more
profit and more innovative ideas.
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