Organisational Behaviour project

This report examines the impact of organisational culture, power and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance. It also measures how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context. The report is based on the case study of Primark, an Irish fashion retailer.

Organisational behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Examine how organisational culture, power and politics influence individual, team behaviour
and performance..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Measure how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.......................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.................................8
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
and given business situation......................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour refers to an academic study that states in what manner people
interact and communicate with group of people and individuals. This involves the connection
between workforce to organisation setting so that particular objectives are to be attained
effectively and efficiently (Wood and et. al., 2019). Therefore it is crucial for companies to study
the behaviour of employees so that firm will motivates them regarding achieving goals. There
are several manner to make employee happy and satisfied such offer perks and benefits to
workforce so that they work appropriately. In this team management is also beneficial for
gaining successful outcomes within enterprise. To complete this report Primark organisation is to
be undertaken. It is an Irish fashion retailer along with subsidiary of British foods processing and
retail company ABF. This company was founded on 1969 headquartered in UK. In recent year
company facing issue of high employee turnover of shop floor staff to overcome with this report
is very helpful. It explains relationship between politics, power and culture along with
motivation that employers offers to their employees so that they work effectively. In this
effective and ineffective teams are also explained that helps in reaching to organisation goals.
TASK 1
Examine how organisational culture, power and politics influence individual, team behaviour
and performance
There are several factors such as power, politics, culture etc. that affects functioning of
individual at workplace (Muchiri, Shahid and Ayoko, 2019). Organisational behaviour defines as
an activity of evaluating behaviour of individuals, team and groups that helps in maintaining
company performance. In case of Primark, power is mainly possessed by leaders of company to
manage and organise workforce. Therefore culture demonstrate belief, attitude and values
whereas politics is a part of workplace that occurs in firm due to negative employees who are not
working properly. Primark is a leading retail company in UK by taking this company this section
examine culture, power and politics at workplace.
Culture
This factor defines the area in which business operate. Culture is very essential aspect
because it affects the business operations in negative and positive terms. Therefore, performance
of workers are based on company workplace culture. If positive culture is placed in organisation
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workers are working effectively by utilising all their efforts for attaining goals. In terms of
Primark various culture is adopted by managers and leaders are demonstrated below:
 Power culture- As per this type of culture several rules and regulations are presents
within organisation. These rules are generally made for workers as they follows
guidelines for attaining success. In this company select managers who takes decisions for
workers effectively (Hassi, 2019). In this type of culture employees are judged on the
basis of what they achieved. Hence, this culture is strong for Primark to maintain
company profitability and take quick decisions.
 Task culture- In this type of culture employees are given particular task and activity that
is to be performed so that operations are done smoothly. Bifurcating task as per
employees skills and knowledge is very effective for Primark to reach the targets
effectively.
 Person culture- In case of this culture people who are working in an organisation are
unique and have their own way to perform business operations. This is mainly terms as
collecting individuals who are working for company.
 Role culture- In this type of culture several rules are considered for controlling every
individual employees of Primark so that they understand their roles and responsibilities.
In this culture leaders adopts bureaucratic style of leadership.
Therefore, positive culture at workplace is very essential for managing and controlling
operations of organisation. Hence, Primark manage adopts task culture where they divide task
into several employees so that allotted work is to be done by employees effectively and
efficiently. This also helps in gaining competitive advantage within marketplace.
Power
It defines as a strength that an individual person holds within organisation to manage and
control people (Anwar and et. al., 2020). In an organisation power is mainly hold by leaders
who are accountable to manage workforce to work effectively. In case of Primark, subordinates
are responsible for completing business operations in effective manner so that overall targets of
enterprise is to be attained in time frame. Therefore, top manager of Primark is responsible
towards that their employees are working properly or not. There are distinct types of power that
leaders holds are presented below:
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 Legitimate power – In this leaders holds command and control structure. In context of
Primark leaders have a particular position in organisation to manage and organise people.
 Reward power- As per this power manager offer rewards and appreciation to employees
for their remarkable work. In terms of Primark manager offers appraisals and incentives
to those employees who works appropriately.
 Informational power- As per this leaders in organisation have proper information
regarding what is to be done so that plan is developed accordingly to attain targets (Gray,
2019). In this manager of concerned company have information regarding competition,
information and decision support.
 Referent power- It is known as cult of personality. In Primark leaders holds this power
for influencing employees so that they work appropriately to reach the desired goals of
organisation.
 Expert Power- This power demonstrate that a person in company having an in depth
knowledge regarding specific topic. In terms of Primark manager have a remarkable
knowledge for developing sales that helps employees in accomplishing goals properly
and effectively.
Power is crucial factor that is mainly hold by leaders to manage employees and their
work so that desired targets are attained on time. In case of Primark, reward power is adopted by
manger where they offers rewards to this employees so that they retain with company for longer
time period and also present appropriate work that is useful to attain goals.
Politics
The guff activities are mainly performed within an organisation by non-effective workers.
Therefore guff activities states that employees are not working properly also they misbehave in
organisation that negatively affects targets achievements on time (Brender-Ilan and Sheaffer,
2019). Politics in organisation are done in several categories such as woods, weeds, rocks and
high grounds. In this woods contains guidelines and process that shown unspoken routines and
secret assumptions. Weeds denotes informal networks and high grounds defines connecting
authorities with organisational system. Rocks states single interaction. There are several ways by
which workers are affected if there is existence of politics in company. Some points related to
this are presented below in terms of Primark:
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 Decreasing productivity and performance- Due to mischievous working behaviour of
employees within an organisation employees are not able to concentrate on work
effectively (Xiao and Cooke, 2019). This affects Primark company in negative manner
as it decline employees performance that affects firm position in marketplace.
 Reflects demotivation in employees- In case of Primark, if there is politics within
workplace employees are bullied and getting hurt. Due to this they cannot concentrate on
working that creates issues in accomplishing assignments in effective manner.
 Working atmosphere is stale- The politics in organisation creates negative environment
at workplace due to this workers performance are reduced.
Hence for avoiding politics in company it is very essential to manager that they place job
satisfaction of workers so that they does not involved in guff activities. Therefore manager of
Primark also maintain transparency to eliminate the consequences of politics.
Impact of power, culture and politics on team and individual performance
Basis Individual behaviour and
performance
Team behaviour and
performance
Power If power is provided to top manager
than decisions are taken quickly and
appropriately that helps individuals
to perform task in remarkable
manner. As manager of Primark
holds reward power where they
appraise individual employees for
their effective work that impact
positive on individual performance
of workers.
In an organisation if manager
show their power in spare
work that it diverse team
members minds that affects
team behaviour and
performance in negative
manner (Harsasi, Minrohayati
and Anfas, 2019) .
Politics Politics in organisation affects
individual behaviour and
performance in destructive manner
where Primark manager ensures that
politics will not raised at workplace.
If politics is present in
company then it creates
negativity within team mates
that creates major loss in firm
profitability.
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Culture Positive culture in organisation
enhance employee individual
performance due to this targets are
attained effectively and in efficient
manner.
Team work within
organisation is mainly
influenced by culture of
company. Positive culture
helps in maintaining
interaction between team
mates that reduces conflicts
among members and helps in
developing performance.
Critical evaluation on how culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence individual
and team behaviour
By examine above information it is critical evaluated that factors like power, politics and
culture impacts individuals and organisation. Therefore if company does not control these factors
than it affects performance and profits in negative manner (Dos Santos and et. al., 2020). In case
of Primark, manager follow task culture where they allot task to employees as per skills and
capabilities so that positive outcomes are to be achieved. But in some cases manager assigned
major task to particular person that impacts performance of company and other individuals in
negative manner as they feel demotivated. For example- manager of Primark follow power in
negative manner at workplace then it impacts performance of employees and they are not
indulged in completing the assigned task effectively. At this time negative politics are raised
such as anger, stress, demotivation etc. that generates conflicts and affects company culture of
working in negative manner. To overcome with this situation Primark manager focus on offering
best treatments to employees to build positivity in workplace environment and attain positive
outcomes for long term survival.
TASK 2
Measure how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context
Motivation defines as a process of influencing, guiding and maintains a goal oriented
behaviour. This represent willingness of person, action and goals that are useful to fulfil
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requirements of people in appropriate manner. There are two types of motivation such as process
motivation and content motivation. In case of Primark both these types of motivation is
presented below:
Content theory of motivation
This theory of motivation demonstrate what people needs in their lives that means what
motivates them. Hence, it reflects that people motivation is mainly based on acquiring things that
they think they require (Kirrane, Kilroy and O’Connor, 2019). In case of Primark, this theory is
followed by manager to encourage staff members so that they work properly towards targets
achievements. Content theory is understand by using Maslow need hierarchy theory that is
presented below in context of Primark:
Maslow's theory of motivation
It define the concept of motivate individual person by fulfilling their needs in terms of
hierarchy. This theory of motivation includes various level of hierarchy that is used by Primark
to motivate workers for effective working.
 Physiological needs- It demonstrate as a basic need that involves food, water, basic
salary etc. In case of Primark, manager encourage employees by offer them proper
deserving salary as it is basic need to fulfil all other needs. This helps employees to feel
motivated at workplace and complete work on time.
 Safety needs- It needs states stability, health, wealth of people life. In Primark manager
offers health facility to workers in terms of providing insurance policy so that they feel
safe at workplace. It also satisfy employees at job so that they achieve targets
prominently.
 Social need- It state the belongingness and love factor which is used to motivate
individual person. In terms of Primark, manager maintain friendly culture by using
democratic style of leadership where employees are participating actively due to this they
share their ideas and issues properly (Pillay and et. al., 2020). It helps in developing
positive relations between employees with managers so that targets are attained
appropriately.
 Self- esteem- It is based on self-respect and appreciation that individual received to
effective working. Therefore manager of Primark offer appreciation and rewards to
appraise working of employees so that they work effectively in terms of maintaining
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company sustainability and visibility. Therefore, this encourage employees to show their
full efforts to reach profitable targets.
 Self-actualisation- This is last level needs on which individual person focus after
completing above all needs. In this manager of Primark offer right of taking decisions to
company most desirable employees for reaching targets on set time frame. This enhances
individual reputation in company and also their skills so that they become expert.
Therefore manager of Primark used this theory to fulfil needs of employees at basic to higher
level so that particular targets are attained proficiently and firm also enjoy long term
sustainability in competitive market.
Process theory of Motivation
This theory mainly focused on psychological and behavioural processes that affect
individual person motivation. As manager of Primark follow Vroom expectancy theory to
motivate employees that is presented below:
 Valance- It is very crucial to motivate employees within organisation to complete the
targets proficiently. In terms of Primark, Valance aspect is very useful for assisting
employees to work in remarkable manner and develops strategic decisions. With this
Primark manager encourage employees to perform task in group so that proper decisions
are to be taken to attain desired outcomes. In this employees personally get the rewards
according to this performance that is useful to reach the firm goals on set time frame.
 Expectancy- It deals with the efforts that leads employees performance by correct job,
resources and support. This demonstrate person belief based on previous experience, self
confidence etc. In context of Primark, manager observe employees performance and
influence them to reach expected results for attaining goals.
 Instrumentality- This present a desired outcomes that personnel receives by fulfil
activities as per needs (Modell, 2019). Therefore manager of Primark offers recognition
and appraisals to employees so that they feel satisfied and works for earning high
profitable results.
As per above analysis manager of Primark follow this motivation theory so that
systematic work is to be done for gaining proficient outcomes. Hence it is mainly used to
motivate employees as per their individual needs.
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Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application of
behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models
Primark adopts Maslow's need hierarchy theory and vroom expectancy theory to
encourage staff members. Therefore concerned company use Maslow theory to fulfil core needs
of employees and how much efforts employees puts to achieve the goals (Grobler and Rensburg,
2019). Additionally, Vroom expectancy theory deals with outcomes and performance as
employees get results in terms of appraisal and rewards as per individual efforts for attaining
goals. Therefore Primark uses these theories of motivation to enhance performance level of
individual so that ultimate results are enjoyed by company.
TASK 3
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Team defines as a group of people where individuals are working independently to attain
the common goals. Within an organisation various types of teams are exist who are working to
accomplish the assigned goals on time. It is mainly based on two types that is effective and
ineffective teams. As effective teams are useful to attain goals on set time frame. It involves
various types of teams that are presented below:
 Problem solving team- It is that type of team where number of employees are working
together as a team to solve the issues raise within organisation. In terms of Primark, this
type of team is build to solve problems so that positive environment is maintained along
with attaining profitable results in marketplace.
 Virtual teams- This team is distributed on geographical area. In context of Primark,
manager develops this team to manage operations globally so that goals are reached
effectively and appropriately (Carlucci, Mura and Schiuma, 2020).
Effective team vs ineffective team
Basis Effective team In effective team
Meaning It refers to that team who are
working together for attaining
goals, objectives of firm.
This are those teams who does
not have set goals, vision and
mission. Hence there is no
understanding between team
members.
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Objectives They are highly focused related
to achieve objectives on time.
They does not focused towards
attaining objectives.
Communication Good, effective and two way
communication is done.
There is one way or no
communication is done related
to target achievements.
Belbin theory- This theory shows that every individual have distinct behaviour and
according to this they set activities and roles within team. By examine individual person role in
team it leads to recognise strength and drawbacks that impacts on performance of team. Belbin
demonstrate different role of team in which individual person their task collectively to enhance
team performance. Some belbin roles in relation to Primark are presented below:
 Team worker- It defines as those role where individual deals or handles every situation
in team within effective manner. Team workers support every individual to perform
better so that goals are attained on time. This term is the one who manages every
situation and take decisions in favour of team that positively impacts on team
performance.
 Coordinator is one who tackle and organise team and helps team members to attain
goals. In Primark coordinator is the person who has calm, confident, creative and
composed nature. The main role is to control the working of team members so that
appropriate results are enjoyed by company.
 Specialist are those who have huge knowledge regarding everything and presents as
helper to team members who help teams by offerings suitable solutions to them. These
specialist in Primark are mainly committed towards dedicated and attaining goals to
organisation (Low and Siegel, 2019). They work to help team members so that they
overcome with difficult situations so that their overall performance is to be enhanced.
 Implementer is the one in organisation who implement strategies and take decisions in
team to carry out all operations properly. IN Primark manager hire implementer as they
offer more practical solutions and develops positive environment at workplace thts is
essential to satisfy the employees so that they work effectively and efficiently.
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TASK 4
Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
and given business situation
Path goal theory of leadership- It refers to that theory that directs the management of
organisation to adopts suitable style of leadership and behaviour as per environment of
workplace and employees needs in organisation. The main aim of using this type of theory is to
develop motivation among employees so that their overall performance and productivity is to be
increased. This helps organisation to gain competitive advantage within marketplace. Path goals
theory helps Primark in recognising the best working pattern and attributes that is essential to
increase performance level of company. Therefore, adopting this theory helps in examine the
abilities of workers so that manager of business enterprise can effectively take the decisions for
the employees benefits that indirectly beneficial for long term sustainability of business. Hence,
Primark adopts the use of participative style of leadership that direct company manager to get
correct follow-up and suggestions from staff members so that better decisions are made by
business. This section is based on solving the situation that were raised within Primark. As
Primark facing the issue of employee turnover of shop floor staff to overcome with this issue
manager review the path goal theory so that better outcomes are enjoyed:
Classification of path goal theory
Employees characteristics- This facilitates workers to gain knowledge regarding factors
that motivates them to perform well. This involves training, flexible working conditions and
appraisals etc. In terms Primark manager mainly focus on identify those factors that is useful to
retain staff for longer time period so that it should be fulfilled by manager in particular time
frame for developing working behaviour and eliminating turnover issues of staff at shop floor.
Task and environmental characteristics- This involves those activities that is being
allotted to staff according to individual skills and knowledge to attain huge profitable results in
future context (Low and Siegel, 2019). In terms of Primark manager focus on conducting survey
at workplace so that they easily recognise the needs of tasks that are performed by employees so
that targets are meet on specified period of time.
Leadership styles- To solve the issues within Primark related to high staff turnover at
shop floor this aspect of path goal theory is useful. Leadership style is very crucial to handle,
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guiding, controlling and monitoring the staff workers of company. It demonstrate various styles
of leadership that lead and guide people are presented below:
 Participative style- In this style employees have right to suggest ideas in decision
making process that helps in developing effective decisions so that proficient results are
enjoyed by company. Therefore manager of Primark adopts the use of this style so that
employees are retain for more time and they contributes high efforts to accomplish goals
and objectives of company.
 Directive style- In th9is style manager directs workers to follow the decisions without
asking any questions. Therefore this style binds employees to follow the manager
decisions that impact negative on performance of employees.
Motivational factors: Employees within organisation are getting motivated when their goals and
targets are attained appropriately as it helps in understanding individual roles and responsibilities
performed by them. BY motivational factors staff member of Primark are show their high
contribution on achieving goals and objectives by taking support of managers and leaders to
remove unwanted hindrances.
CONCLUSION
It is to be concluded that the organisational behaviour is essential term for company
sustainability and examine behaviour of individual, group and teams. This report elucidates the
several factors that impact company and individual performance such as politics, power and
culture. To encourage employees for effective working this report present motivation theory such
as maslow and vroom expectancy theory. Additionally working in team helps in developing
profits so that manager brings employees in a teams as per skills and capabilities so that high
beneficial results are enjoying. At last path goal theory is present that assist employees related to
targets achievements.
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