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Aspects of Organisational Behaviour and Management : Report

   

Added on  2020-06-05

14 Pages4556 Words156 Views
ORGANISATIONALBEHAVIOUR

Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1Four approaches to management.....................................................................................................1a) Scientific management............................................................................................................1b) Job Enrichment.......................................................................................................................1c) Japanese management.............................................................................................................2d) Re-engineering........................................................................................................................3Cultural Implications.......................................................................................................................3Hofested Cultural Dimension Theory.........................................................................................4Trompenaars Cultural Dimensions.............................................................................................5Hall's Cultural Theory.................................................................................................................6The “Big 5”......................................................................................................................................6CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTIONThe central idea of the study of organizational behaviour is that a scientific approach canbe applied to the management of workers. In accordance with this context, this report will coverthe aspects of organisational behaviour and approaches to management. The assignment willcover the four approaches to management which are scientific management, job enrichment,Japanese management and business re-engineering process. Further, cultural implications will beanalysed in context of Chinese worker working in UK based organisation. Eventually, The BigFive personality theory will be discussed in order to understand its impact on managementapproaches.Four approaches to managementa) Scientific managementFrederic Winslow Taylor was one of the renowned researcher who studied and argued onvarious concepts of piece rate system followed by the organisation. In his theory of ScientificManagement which was developed in 1911, he argued that the piece rate systems used by theindustries were not efficient enough to increase the efficiency of employees (Shafritz, Ott andJang, 2015). After analysing the concept of piece rate system, he proposed differential piece ratesystem which relied on accurate measurement of productivity rates to create standard productionoutput target. Under differential piece rate system, workers were paid according to the amount ofgoods they produced and effectiveness in the quality of goods. This increases the motivation anddetermination of employees and thus, leads to growth and development of the organisationseffectively and efficiently (Modaff, Butler and DeWine, 2016). Further, the principles ofscientific management work abreast with the policies of organisation, that lead to increase inemployees satisfaction and determination.The Taylor focus was on increasing production efficiency and lowering cost ofproduction and increasing profits. This has enabled organisation to increase workers salary andwages. This has assisted enterprise in motivating employees to increase their contributiontowards achievement of business goals and objectives. It has provided way to firm by which canencourage its workers to increase their productivity. Specific principles are required byindividual in order to find solution for various problems. These principles have been developedby Taylor for by supporting people in finding innovative solutions to their problems. Taylor wasmore concerned with engineering aspects and identifying problems of workers and supporting1

them to increase their productivity. The Taylor has replaced rule of thumb with methods basedon scientific study of task. It has developed scientific principal in order to develop each worker.The scientific management has provided various ways through which workers get motivation andcan be provided with suitable training. He has cooperated with workers in order to ensure thatscientifically developed principles are being followed. Scientific management has providedvarious ways and techniques that can be used by manager at the time of allotment of work.Thismethods will assist leader in eliminating discrimination of work and ensuring fair distribution oftask.b) Job EnrichmentJob enrichment is the process by which management of the organisations aim toincrease the motivation and satisfaction of employees by assigning them additional responsibilityand increasing their pay simultaneously (Whittington, Asare and Beldona, 2017). Below are thedescription of social needs, achievement, recognition and responsibility factors of jobenrichment.This study states that job attitude consist of two independent factors these are jobsatisfaction and dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction consists intrinsic factor that is generated fromconducting work and it also includes achievement and advancement. While Job disatisfaction isassociated with actual work and quality supervision.The employee behaviour is also influencedby other factors such as social needs, achievement, recognition, and responsibility. This approachis based on fact that employees have a natural tendency that encourages them to succeed andallow them to fulfil their roles as well as responsibility in organisation. This theory states thatwhen employees are being challenged they may not give their best efforts as they consider taskto be below their skills set. If they are able to complete task but the workers may lack the qualityof work and may not able to achieved desired results. This approach is based on assumption thatwhen worker is given authority to conduct particular activity they tend to feel responsible forgenerating results and they will be motivated to produce best output. It has been analysed thatjob enrichment is essential at workplace because it assists firm in eliminating feeling ofrepetitiveness in day to day activities. It also supports organisation in reducing the effect ofvarious factors on production activity. Social NeedsSocial needs of employees are essential to be fulfilled and job enrichment aid in fulfillingthe social needs of employees effectively and efficiently. By increasing their responsibility, they2

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