Organisational Cultures and Workforce Motivation

This document explores the influence of organisational cultures, politics, and power on individuals and team behaviour. It discusses the roles of individuals and teams in organisations, motivation of employees, effective teams, and philosophies of organisational behaviour. The document also provides insights into Primark's cultural, power, and political roles.

ORGANISATIONAL
CULTURES AND
WORKFORCE
MOTIVATION

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P 1 Cultural, politics and power influence individuals and team behaviour...............................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................5
P 2 Motivate individuals..............................................................................................................5
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................7
P 3 Effective Team and Ineffective Team...................................................................................7
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................10
P 4 Philosophies and Concepts of Organizational Behaviour...................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organizational culture are particular beliefs, values and assumptions which governs the
people's behaviour in organization. All businesses in market have their own set of culture which
they follow so that the best can be taken out from the employees and the market can penetrate
deeper and have a good productivity so that the demands of the customers can be met. Primark is
a United kingdom based company which is having prices of the products low so that they can
reach customers. The company is dealing with accessories, underwear and nightwear, children
wear, women wear, men accessories, health and beauty, sportswear, etc. There are technological
changes which the company is adapting to so that they can have a better productivity in market
and there are more changes which take place in Primark so that the company can have a
competitive advantage.
The report would be covering the cultural, power and politics influence on the individuals
and team behaviour. Roles of individuals and team in organizations, motivation of employees to
achieve objectives. The report will also have philosophies of organizational behaviour so that
there is better functioning of organization.
LO 1
P 1 Cultural, politics and power influence individuals and team behaviour
There are a lot of factors which influence working of businesses in market and factors
like culture, politics and power have a great influence on the working and productivity of the
organization majorly (Melessen, 2017). Further, the report is going to discuss the culture, power
and politic roles in the organization which can making its impact on Primark.
Culture
Culture can make the people have a different attitude towards their work and these are
belief's, values and assumptions which makes the employees behave as they are in organizations.
It is very important for the people to maintain their culture so that productivity of organization
are maintained and standards of company over all is good.
Handy's Culture Model
Charles Handy's has given this theory so that there is better understanding regarding
cultural aspects of organization so that the organization can understand the business and make
the future decisions accordingly.
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 Task
All employees have a major role within an organization and they have to give their best
so that the objectives of the organization can be met. The tasks are allotted to those who can
monitor and making the functioning of the productivity maintained to their standards. It is very
essential that the performance of the employees are high so that the productivity of the company
can fulfil the demands and needs of the customers. Distribution of work has to be done between
all the team members of the organization so that the organization can reach their objectives from
time to time (Davies and et.al., 2017). Without having equal distribution of work there is not a
well maintained environment for the employees to work in. Primark has a well managed team
which is delegated equal work to all so that the working of the company is maintained.
 Role
The authorities in the organization have to be experienced and must know the employees
who are working in the organization so that the work can be distributed equally. Delegation of
work will get a clarity in the working of the organization and the organization will be able to
achieve their objectives faster (Anagha and Magesh, 2016). To increase the productivity of the
organization it is very important for Primark to have a strong team and that can be achieved by
delegating the roles to all the individuals equally. For example the leaders of Primark make sure
that the productivity is being maintained by supervising them so that the company can maintain
their standards and if the employees need help with increasing the productivity is also done by
the company.
 Power
The decisions which are being taken in Primark is being done by the higher authorities
which is demotivating for the other employees. There have to be experience employees in the
company so that there is a better productivity in the company and also have the ability to
maintain the position with power and does not misuse it. This can make the company have a
negative impact on the productivity as whole. It is very important in organizations to include all
the members of the organization so that the right and acceptable decision can be taken in the
business. This will make the team work increase and the productivity can increase as well.
 Person
There are a lot of individuals which feel like they are superior to others in organization
which is not going to make the organization function effectively (Aukhoon, 2019). This will
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reduce team work in Primark and the objectives and goals of the business will not be met from
time to time. Every individual in Primark is very important to make the company function and
they are going to have a lot of improvement if the organization can make all individuals work
together. Healthy environment and safe environment can make the functioning of organization
can better.
Power
Power is a factor which has to be given to those who use them properly. Decision making
and other important factors are done by these people who have power in them which will make
the company have a huge impact on the business.
French & Raven Theory
Leaders have to have people under them who give them the power to control them or they
must have followers. This can make the organization either spoil the image of the organization if
the power is not used in the right method or make the organization get a competitive advantage.
This will help to understand Primark's working and functioning better therefore using this theory
would be very useful (McConnell, 2016).
 Reward
Rewards are given to those in Primark who help the organization to achieve their
objectives and goals. This will motivate the individuals in the organization to give their personal
best within an organization. There will be a competitive spirit, which will make all individuals
and teams to do their best so that the organization can function better and the objectives of the
organization are met (Wang, Demerouti and Le Blanc, 2017). This will help the organization to
have a powerful workforce and the mission and vision of the company can be met.
 Referent
Referent power is a form of a gain which the leaders have because of a strong
interpersonal relationship skill. People who are having the following features like charming,
looks and attitude are going to create troubles in Primark and will influence the organizations
functioning. Due to this reason there are people who will be given special treatment because of
these features in them and will demotivate the others which is not a good factor for the
productivity of Primark. Therefore, it is very important to treat all the employees the same so that
there is a better functioning and a stronger workforce. There are a lot of referents power which is
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present in Primark which is affecting the company's productivity which is why the company will
have to take decisions accordingly so that there is a better functioning.
 Legitimate
Legitimate is done in organizations so that there is some authority to monitor and better
functioning in an organization so that they can make decisions for the future accordingly.
Authorities who make the decisions in the organization from time to time are the CEO, owners
of the company and executives which make it easier for the businesses to achieve their objectives
(Sparrow, 2017). To achieve the targets from time to time it is very important for the
organization to have a higher authority to have a control and monitoring on them so that they can
function better. Primark are having a strong management so that the organization can meet the
customer demands and their objectives from time to time.
 Expert
There are skilled and experience employees in the organization so that they can share
their knowledge with the others which will make the organization have a better workforce and all
the individuals of Primark can get motivated by this factor. There has to be respect for those who
have experience and are skilled in their work so that they can feel comfortable sharing their
experience with the organization. Primark uses this as an advantage so that the standards of the
company can be met and the company will be able to have a better competitive advantage for a
long run in the market.
 Coercive
It is very important for Primark to achieve their goals and objectives from time to time
therefore the workforce has to be productive. In case the workforce of the business is not
productive then the company has the right to use coercive power on them which may result in
firing the employees from the organization who are not matching the standards of the
organization (Fallatah and Syed, 2017). Fear of losing the job the workforce of the company will
put in their best which will make the organization have an effective workforce for themselves.
Firing employees, salary deductions, warning letters, compulsory leaves, etc. is a method of
reigning employees to the company's requirements.
Politics
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There are a lot of demotivation within an organization due to political factors in the
organization. With the help of Chantels's model there will be a better understanding of this
factor.
Chantels's
 Organizational Factors
There are a lot of factors which can influence the organizationals functioning one of
which are the political factors. There are rewards which are given to people who so not deserve
which is not a good sign for motivation for the individuals or the team to work in therefore there
has to be a fair treatment of all the individuals. People who will be interested in politics will not
have interest in working but find other ways to skip working. This will make the productivity of
the organization low. Primark is having a good and effective team in organization which is why
they are being able meet the demands of the customers and meeting their objectives and goals
from time to time.
 Individual Factors
There is a sense of demotivation when there is politics involved in Primark with is not
letting the organization meet their aims and objectives on time. Negativity in organization
increases then there is slower functioning and the employees will not want to work with the
organization any more (Jalloh and Jalloh, 2016). There has to be fair treatment of employees
which will impact on the individuals and groups of the organization so that there is a better
functioning in Primark. Brand image and efficiency of the organization is not meant to be
compromised on therefore there are different methods which are being used by the organization.
LO 2
P 2 Motivate individuals
Motivation means that there are factors which are present in individuals like desires,
wants, drives and needs. There is a stimulation which is present in individuals so that they can
achieve their desires and needs so that the actions can be accomplished. There is motivation
which is involved in organization that will make the functioning, efficiency and effectiveness of
the organization be achieved easily and on time. Primark has a motivated workforce in the
business which is making the company have an effective supply and meeting the demand of the
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customers (Anagha and Magesh, 2016). With the help of content and process theory there will be
better understand of Primark in the market and for the better decision-making in the future.
Content Theory
There are factors which can be explored due to this factor so that there is better
functioning and motivated employees so that the organization can achieve their desired needs
and satisfaction. It is very important for Primark to understand needs of employees which keeps
changing with time and fulfil them so that the organization can have a strong workforce. This
theory will not just measure the needs of employees but also help the organization to have a
motivated employee base for themselves. With help of Herzberg's two factor theory, content
theory can be understood better.
Herzberg's Two Factor Theory
This theory states that there are different factors which are responsible for satisfaction
with job and there are other factors which are responsible for dissatisfaction but all the factors
are independent of one another. The two factors which are there in this theory are motivator and
hygiene factors, which would be discussed in the further report.
 Motivators
Motivation derives from the word motive which is needs, desires, wants and drives which
are present within an individual. The stimulation to achieve these motives, that process is known
as motivators. There has to be a fair treatment of all the employees in the organization so that the
productivity level of the organization can be improved. The right skilled employees in the
organization should be delegated the right job so that the quality of the products can be
maintained and the work in organization can be done with perfection (ANJORIN and Jansari,
2018). Promotions have to be given to employees is that they can give their best in Primark.
Promotions or wages and extra incentives can be given to employees so that the standards of the
company can be maintained. Employees are the backbones of the organization and if they are not
receiving what they desire then the labour turnover will increase and the productivity level in the
organization will reduce.
 Hygiene Factors
The environment in which the employees work in has to be maintained and has to be
positive so that the employees are satisfied with Primark. It is only if the internal factors will be
in favour of the organization will it be shown on the outside of the company. To take out the best
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from the employees of Primark they are being provided with a healthy environment to work in so
that they can make the standards of the company even higher in the market. This will not just
give the company a competitive advantage but the employees will also find job satisfaction
(Mercado and et.al., 2018).
Process Theory
Process theory states the description of development and changes which are taking place
in the company so that there is an achievement of goals and objectives which is going to make a
great advantage for Primark for a long run.
Reinforcement Theory
B.F. Skinner has given this theory which states that there are consequences of the
functioning of the people's doing. “Law of Effect” is a theory which is based on reinforcement
theory which is that people have a tendency of repeating their positive behaviour than their
negative behaviour (Lee, Raschke and Louis, 2016). This is a great advantage for Primark
because they can easily motivate their employees and the results will be good for a long run in
market.
 Positive Reinforcement
Primark is having a positive reaction for the employees who are completing their work on
time so that they get in habit of doing that kind of work for a long time. This can be very
beneficial for the organization if they want to maintain their standards in the market (Castelli,
2016). When the employees are giving their best in Primark the company is giving them rewards,
wages or extra incentives so that they want to repeat their actions again and again which is going
to be very beneficial for the organization. Due to this the other employees can also get motivated
and would want to improve their skills and make a change in the organization which is going to
be beneficial for Primark and employees.
 Negative Reinforcement
There are employees who can not meet the standards of the organization which will make
the company take further measures so that they can improve that which is by firing the
employees (Volkova and Chiker, 2019). To improve the skills and match company's standards
there are training sessions which are provided to the employees so that there is a better
functioning of the organization but after that then can not meet the Primark takes measures
seriously on them. Negative reinforcement relates to punishment to correct errant behaviour in
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the organization is make the employees give their best and due to that fear the organization will
be able to have a better functioning and a competitive advantage for a long run in the market.
Both negative and positive reinforcement can be used for the benefit of the employees and
Primark will be able to make a lot of profit.
LO 3
P 3 Effective Team and Ineffective Team
Cooperation between two employees or departments is necessary for achievement of
organizational goals as it reduces conflict and motivates employees to improve their performance
for effective functioning. Cooperation between employees can be increased by building strong
interrelationship among employees, providing good working environment so that they can work
effectively (Lundberg, 2018). Manager by providing equal opportunity to all and supporting each
employee's ideas promote cooperation and helps in achievement of company objectives. Definite
organizational structure also promote cooperation between people as there is clarity about
various function to be performed. Responsibility and authority are also predetermined that
reduces conflict and enhance performance of individuals. Leaders, by coordinating individual
goals with organizational objectives are able to bring cooperation among employees. Thus,
difference between effective team and ineffective team are as follows:
Effective Team
Effective team is foundation for success of every organizational as it helps in
coordination and cooperation between employees in meeting various challenges thus promoting
company goals. Primark manager makes continuous effort to create effective team to increase
work performance and motivation level of employees for achievement of company goals
(Alsharo, Gregg and Ramirez, 2017). Effective team easily adapt to various changes of
environment and work together as team for meeting various challenges thus helping in growth
and success of business. Thus, various characteristics that are needed for effective team are as
follows:
 Clear goals: Leader by clearly defining roles, responsibility and goals of company to
employees enhance motivation level and improve work performance as they are aware of
the value of their personal contribution in the company. Primark manager and leader by
clearly defining and coordinating goals of individual with company and team goals helps
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in enhancement of performance and productive of individual and achievement of
company goals. Leaders of company by encouraging ideas, view and opinion from team
members employees in setting goals of team promote effective team in organization.
 Communication: It is most essential part in building effective team in company as clear,
transparent and open communication promote coordination and cooperation among
employees. Manager by providing good working condition and building strong
interrelationship enhance employees productive and performance. Definite organizational
structure provides employees to communicate openly and clearly with one other thus
reducing chances of miscommunication and misunderstanding of information. It can also
help in solving issue as communication between employees is face to face.
 Mutual accountability and trust: It is necessary for effective team that each individual
should trust and be accountable to each other. Managers of Primark ensures that
employees of company trust each other and accept responsibility as individual and team
(Butler, 2018). Members of team don't blame each other for failure and mistakes and
work considerately in order to face any challenges and make solution for achievement of
common goals. Thus, effective team of Primark has lead to growth and success of
company in the industry by enhancing productive and performance of employees.
Ineffective Team
While ineffective team increases negative competition and conflict among employees that
effect negatively on the performance of company. Ineffective team also lead to delay in decision-
making due to poor communication, distrust among employees (Levett-Jones, Palmer and
Wilson, 2019). Such team cannot perform its function on deadline and there is continuous
conflict amongst members on various issue. Thus, it can be explained that ineffective team
reduces employees performance and productivity and hinder growth and success of business.
Various factors that makes ineffective team are as follows:
 Bad Relationship: Strong relationship between employees helps in achievement of goals
by coordinating efforts of different individual so it can be said that ineffective team is due
to bad relationship between employees (Duan and et.al., 2017). Employees may not like
to communicate with each other because of some personal issue that hinder coordination
and communicate among employees. Thus, in such case manager and leader of company
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by providing good working condition and building strong relationship can enhance
cooperation.
 Lack of unity: Another characteristics of ineffective team is lack of unity and cohesion
on basis of common goals, beliefs and understanding. Such team is not clear about
mission and member of it disagree to common goals (Irwin, 2019). Thus, leader of
Primark coordinate individual goals with company objectives to enhance employees
productive and performance.
 No self-analysis: It makes a team stronger and self-reliant team by continuous analysing
process and system to improve performance (Norman, Campeau and Sim, 2018). As
ineffective does self-analysis its process and system do not get to know about its
ineffective thus hinder growth of business. Primark manager by continuous monitoring
process and system used in workplace improve performance and helps in achievement of
organizational goals.
Various theories of team and group development can be used by managers of primark to
support development of dynamic cooperation and to make effective team for achievement of
company goals. Tuckman's group development theory can be used by manager to create effective
team in the organization.
Tuckman's Group Development Theory
This model was published by Bruce Tuckman's in 1965 that have five stages for
development of group and effective team in the organization. Most of the company use this
model to enhance cooperation and coordination among employees to achieve common goals
(Irwin, 2019). Thus, four stages were used by Primark company to build effective team for
growth and sustainability of company in industry. The various stages of Tuckman's group
development theory are as follows:
 Forming: It is first stage where leader of team allocate task, defined roles and
responsibility of individual in the team (Jalloh and Jalloh, 2016). Leader of company by
explaining goals, objectives interrelationship between employees can reduces conflict and
confusion among employees.
 Storming: In this stage employees conflict with each other on various issue as every
body has different views, opinion on specific topic (Lee, Raschke and Louis, 2016).
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Thus, leader of company by encouraging participate of employees and encouraging ideas,
views of individual promote growth of company.
 Norming: People started to work in coordinate manner and appreciate each other work in
normal stage thus difference between employees reduces (McConnell, 2016). This stage
helps in building strong and effective team in Primark as each employee is committed to
team goals.
 Performing: It is last stage where leader of Primark delegate its authority and
responsibilities by developing team members as employees are high motivated and know
about their works to be performed (Melessen, 2017).
Thus, it can be stated that Tuckman's group development theory helps in developing
effective team and achievement of company goals.
LO 4
P 4 Philosophies and Concepts of Organizational Behaviour
Organization behaviour is study of human behaviour or the way they interact with other
group members of organization. It purposes to enhance job satisfaction, performance of
employees for achievement of organizational goals (Duan, Xu, and Wu, 2017). There are various
theories and concept that help top-level management in formulation of policies by understanding
people behaviour within their workplace. Concepts and philosophies of OB that can be used by
Primark to influence people behaviour within workplace are as follows:
Individual differences: Different people have different thinking, views, ideas and opinion thus
nobody had similar way of thinking. People also have different experience so manager of
Primark by understanding socio-culture of member is able to coordinate efforts of individual
towards organizational goals (Irwin, 2019). For example: If some is highly knowledge and have
more interest in work will me motivate to enhance its performance more than other who have
small knowledge and skill to perform work.
Perception: Perception level of members also differ as two people can present same thing in
different manner because of experience, personalities and needs of participate. Leader by
understanding personalities and needs of members can influences them to work effectively for
achievement of common goals. Thus, it can be stated that one member is happy from the policy
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made by company whereas other member oppose to it due to difference in education level,
personalities and needs of employees.
Motivation of employees: Team members have different kinds of needs so manager of company
has to identify needs of member to effectively motivate and influences employee to enhance its
work performance (Mercado and et.al., 2018). Suppose manager plan to provide attractive
compensation to motivate employees it will motivate to those members whose basic needs are
unsatisfied but it will not motivate participate whose needs are security and safety.
Social system: Company has number of employees that are working together for achievement of
company objectives that are having different socio-culture. Primark manager by providing good
working condition and building strong relationship can motivate members that like to
communicate with each other (Duan and et.al., 2017). On the other-hand if someone doesn't like
socialism or prefer less to talk to people will not motivate with effective social system.
Mutual interest: This statement means organization needs human being for achievement of its
predetermine goals whereas people need organization to satisfy their basic needs. Mutual of
interest helps in building and maintaining strong team in organization as they have same goal
and interest (Wang, Demerouti and Le Blanc, 2017). Other -hand if mutuality lack it will lead to
ineffective team as everybody will work as per its thinking, experience and personalities that will
hinder organizational growth.
Thus it can be stated that organizational behaviour impact individual behaviour in both
positive and negative but Primark by effectively using various concept and philosophies of
organizational behavioural can influences team member to enhances its work performance and
productivity for achievement of company goals.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that cultural, power and politics has a great
influence in organizations decision-making. It is very important to have a motivated workforce in
the organization which can make the organization reach their objectives and goals faster. There
are theories and methods which can be used by organizations to improve the internal factors of
the organization so that the employees can give their personal best. In every situation there has to
be a different reaction which the organization must have experience of so that the best result can
be taken out of that. Organizational behaviour of an organization can be improved if the
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employees are control and monitored from time to time and there is transparency in organization
which gets a clarity in the functioning of the organization.
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