Understanding Motivation and Organizational Behavior

This assignment provides an in-depth analysis of motivation theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy Need, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and Self-Determination Theory. It also delves into organizational behavior concepts, such as work motivation, generational differences, and the impact of social and emotional intelligence on employee motivation. The assignment includes references to relevant books, journals, and studies to support its findings.

ORGANISATIONAL
CUTLURES AND
WORKFORCE
MOTIVATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P1. Impact of culture, politics and power on individual, team organisation and their behaviour
................................................................................................................................................1
P2. Evaluation of motivational theories and its techniques towards goals and objectives.....3
M1. Critical analysis of how culture, politics and power of firm put impact on individuals,
team and performance of organisations .................................................................................7
M2. Critical evaluation of application of behaviour and motivational theories.....................7
D1 Critical assess of culture, politics and power which may aid in giving motivation to
employees...............................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
A healthy business environment is enclosed with various elements like culture,
behaviour, politics and power. Therefore, it is must for firms to understand them in an
appropriate manner so that to resolve issues which are being faced by company related to these
factors (Bolman and Deal, 2017). Performance of employees can directly put impact
organisational culture. Morrisons which is a retailer has been taken under this report. Assignment
is going to include Smith Handy's cultural typology and motivational theories in order to better
realise about business environment. Further, it gives concept of motivational theories used to
boost up morale of employees.
TASK 1
P1. Impact of culture, politics and power on individual, team organisation and their behaviour
Handy’s cultural typology:
This cultural typology was proposed by Charles Handy. According to Charles, culture
can be defined as the way of people live by following unwritten rules. Along with this, in a
dominant culture subcultures are also exist. These dominance sometimes improve or diminish
performance of individual at workplace. This typology reflects some major points which creates
impact on environment of Morrisons and other firms of UK in a wider way. In workplace of
organisations, several activities are done in operational and other departments. Therefore, to
perform these functions properly, employers of this present firm set up some targets for
employees and assign them work accordingly. The main purpose behind these activities of
management is to achieve business goals and objectives in a given period of time. It will assist
them to gain strong position at marketplace as well as enhance goodwill and brand image of
Morrisons. Further, to attain these essential things management need to provide and maintain
healthy relations among employees. For this process, managers are needed to boost motivation
level of workers, engage them in team. Along with this interact with them by proper
communication in order to gain their commitment. These things help employees to work in
smooth manner as well as in reducing their conflicts (Pinder, 2014).
Charles Handy has created four type of cultural typologies for an organisation. These
typologies reflect behaviour of people at workplace in those companies which have high
working places and diverse culture as mentioned below:-
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Power Culture: Under this, it has been examined that executives of firms takes decisions by their
own in order to bettering the situation of consumers right on time. Along with this, it has been
examined that there are ample number of problems which needs to be resolved right on time
(Cummings and Worley, 2014). In order to better serve to customers it is must for them to give
opportunities to employees so that they can deliver products and services to consumers as per
their needs and wants. Under this sort of typology, directors, leaders, CEO's mostly makes
determinations in an appropriate manner so that to improvise reputation of Morrisons.
Task Culture: Under this sort of culture, management keeps on making alterations in teams
which are being made by them. Supervisors mostly looks for staff members who have similar
thinking and likes to use same sort of approaches in order to hit their targets. Along side this, it
has been examined firms mostly attain goals and objectives of their own so that to gain a good
reputation at marketplace of United Kingdom. Here, Morrisons used to do so as projects which
are being formed by them may aid organisations in achieving aims in effective and efficient
manner.
Person Culture: In order to enhance belief of workers for employees it is must for
administration of Morrisons to keep on making policies so that to better serve to them. Goodwill
can be enhanced through motivating employees in much effective and appropriate manner.
Role Culture: Morrison's leaders first analyse the performance which is being given by an
individual worker of workstation and assign them task accordingly so that situation won't get
hamper and their targets may get attained right on time.
The way culture, power and politics affect the behaviour within BBC in the recent past and
today
It has been measured that there are ample of problems that can be faced by an
organisation which are related to culture, performance and so on. In order to sustain at
marketplace for a longer period of time environment of workplace should be properly maintained
and this includes various things like culture, performances and many more. Different culture of
employees at workplace can raise conflicts this may directly affect productivity of them. It is
mandatory for administration of Morrisons to look into these factors so that they can run
business in a successful manner (Njoroge and Yazdanifard, 2014). Leaders and management of
this company should keep on conducting seminars so that better development can be done of
behaviour of them. Group discussions among employees and employer may aid firms in
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improvising relations among them. Problems are there which are being faced by workers of
Morrisons. Therefore, it is must for this organisation to keep on looking into those areas and
make alterations according whenever it is needed (Paillé and et. al., 2014). Liberty of taking
decisions of their own may aid organisations in hitting their targets in effective and efficient
manner.
Power: Managers and leaders should adapt democratic way of style this may aid firms in
hitting their targets right on time. Under this approach it has been located that workers can take
decisions by their own and give suggestion to employers which directly puts positive impact
employee relations.
Culture: Morrisons is considered with many sort of culture like beneath one umbrella.
Among different organisations it has been examined that workers comes from various countries
and follows cultures and religions as well that can put impact on behaviour of them. Situations
can get hamper if they do not get to know about behaviour of each other. On the other hand,
goodwill of Morrisons may also get reduced at marketplace of United Kingdom.
P2. Evaluation of motivational theories and its techniques towards goals and objectives
In today's competitive world, every organisation seeks to gain high profitability of
business. For this purpose, they used to make modifications in working system and operational
activities. This process arise various problems for employees and employers both as to operate
on new system they have to change their techniques. Therefore, to remove such barriers
managers of firms like Morrisons need to motivate workers to adopt alterations and work
accordingly. Some techniques used by employers of this firm in order to achieve business
objectives and goals with contribution of employees are:-
Concept of motivational theories
Motivational theories help employers of an association to encourage people associated
with them as motivated employees will prove beneficial in getting their best contribution for
business success. When staff members adopt changes and work in a proper manner then this will
leads enterprises to get a better position at marketplace. This will also help in giving tough
competition to rivals present at same marketplace with similar products or services. In addition
to this, it assist managers to improve productivity of employees as well as of performance of
company in a profitable way (Lyons and Kuron, 2014). Motivation and encouragement on time
are necessary for all people who effect more by modifications. Therefore, employers are needed
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to support and motivate its employees properly so that chance of resistivity of them will reduce.
In context with Morrisons, its managers used to motivate workers in opposite way like rather
than benefits of changes they told workers about consequences of the same (Forte and Flores,
2014). Along with this, employers give various compensation to them which includes advance
salary, incentives and more. Further, before implementation new strategies, managers organise
some conferences in order to discuss employees about changes and take suggestions as well as
feedbacks of them about changes which helps in taking better decisions. These activities help in
boosting morale of staff members up so that they can accept modifications and work
accordingly. For accomplishment of these objectives, superior of Morrisons can use following
theories which may help in motivating workers:
Maslow's hierarchy of requirements of staff members : In a company, all people have
their own needs related to part of work. To identify basic or psychological needs of employees at
workplace, Abraham Maslow has proposed a theory named by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. It
includes a concept of motivation which helps in identifying wants of workers through which
management of Morrison make decision and modify policies as per their needs. It concludes
following needs of people:-
Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy Need
(Sources: Maslow's Hierarchy Need, 2018)
Physiological Needs : It is one of the most common requirements of a person at
workplace which are related with needs of healthy food, flexible working hours and more.
Safety Needs : This type of want is linked with security of employees which assists
management of a firm to maintain safe and healthy working area for them (Nie and et. al., 2015).
Social Belonging : It relates with emotions and feelings of people within organisation.
Therefore, it is essential for employers and employees of Morrison to behave properly and
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affectionately with each other. This will prove beneficial in improving relations among
employees and management.
Self-Esteem : Values and desires of staff members are related with this type of need.
Therefore, managers used to give appraisals to employees which make them happy and generate
good feelings in them (Park and et. al., 2014). Hence, this process creates positive impact on
productivity of employees as well.
Self-Actualisation : This type of need is related to growth of a human being desires for
working in Morrisons.
Herzberg's theory of motivation: This theory actually motivates employees of a firm to find
their root within job by own. It consists two factor theory-
Illustration 2: Herzberg's Theory of Motivation
(Sources: Herzberg's Theory of Motivation, 2018)
 Hygiene Factor : This factor consists salary, job security and other extrinsic factors like
company policy, supervision, salary, job security etc. These elements give satisfaction to
workers of a company in high manner.
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 Motivational Factors : Managers and leaders together arrange some sort of programmes
like recognition, growth possibilities, career advancement and more. Through these
programs, they discuss employees about their needs and help accordingly (Carlos Pinho,
Paula Rodrigues and Dibb, 2014).
Three-Dimensional Theory of Attribution: This theory suggests that in an organisation
employees has three attributes which are related with their own and behaviour of others. It was
proposed by Weiner, according to him following attribution can affect future motivation of
employees-
Illustration 3: Three-Dimensional Theory of
MotivationCritical assess of culture, politics and power
which may aid in giving motivation to employees
(Sources: Three-Dimensional Theory of Motivation, 2018) Stability: According to this element, if employees can give higher performance then they
will get higher position within a firm. This will motivates them to gain success in future.
But it create competition among them as well as workers who will not get job may get
demotivated also. Locus of control: This attribute helps in preventing employees from demotivation. In
context with acceptance of changes, feelings like lack of skills de-motivates them.
Therefore, managers of Morrisons discuss about needs of staff members and provide
training accordingly. This will help in motivating them in an appropriate manner.
 Controllability: It related with empowerment of workers in which employers give
appraisals to people for showing improvement in their performance.
Motivational hypothesis helps organisation to enhance squad effectiveness
In the world of competition, it has become necessary for Morrisons to create
modifications in working system. Along with this, for getting success it need high talented
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employees at workforce who accept changes and work accordingly. For implementation of such
changes managers are required to motivate staff members and encourage them to give their best
contribution at workplace. In order to enhance confidence, productivity and motivational level of
workers, employers should identify basic needs of members (Longoni, Golini and Cagliano,
2014). Morrisons is one of the largest retailer in private sector who believes in fulfilments of
basic needs of employees in order to get their efforts for success of business objectives.
Managers uses Herzberg's two-factor theory when employees of this firm gets demotivated and
loose their interest in new working system. While leaders used Maslow's theory when workers
are not working in desired manner and resist to accept changes. While Three-Dimensional theory
helps executives to provide effective training to staff in order to improve their skills which will
prove beneficial for their future development.
M1. Critical analysis of how culture, politics and power of firm put impact on individuals, team
and performance of organisations
According to ….., organisational culture consist of various complications as workers do comes
from different countries and follows different religions as well and may get affected of other
team mates or staff members do not affect them. It is must for administration to keep on making
alterations and conducting various sort of training and development programmes right on time so
that to resolve issues that are being faced by employees. Therefore, managers of Morrisons
should look into different areas in order to create a healthy environment at workplace.
M2. Critical evaluation of application of behaviour and motivational theories
According to Armstrong and Taylor, (2014), behaviour of employees and of other members as
well that can be improvised through using various sort of theories. Maslow's hierarchy of
requirements of staff members, Herzberg's theory of motivation, three dimensional theory are
some of hypothesis that may help Morrisons to bring up a proper business environment at
workplace. This includes good behaviour of employees and great employee relations.
D1 Critical assess of culture, politics and power which may aid in giving motivation to
employees
In this context, as per Smith (2016:32) BBC become unsuccessful in some points. As,
there was an incident that was happened related to child abuse. Continuously organisation tried
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to overcome with that failure. But, they failed doing that. Therefore, it affected both productivity
and profitability. Apart from this, most of employees gave resign. This whole scenario impacted
badly on goodwill of firm. BBC should keep the culture where employees feel their importance.
This helps them in improving both productivity and profitability.
CONCLUSION
Form the above report it has been concluded that, for having an effective business it is
important that superiors must monitor the performance of employees on a regular basis. By
encouraging their employees they a can increase the profitability and productivity. Apart from
this, they can implement various theories that can be applicable in different situations and
circumstances. Therefore, for resolving the issues company can formulate a strong team that can
help them in obtaining the goals and objectives in an effective manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Bolman, L. G. and Deal, T. E., 2017. Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership.
John Wiley & Sons.
Pinder, C. C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press.
Cummings, T. G. and Worley, C. G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage
learning.\
Njoroge, C. N. and Yazdanifard, R., 2014. The impact of social and emotional intelligence on
employee motivation in a multigenerational workplace. International Journal of
Information, Business and Management. 6(4). p.163.
Paillé, P. and et. al., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental
performance: An employee-level study. Journal of Business Ethics. 121(3). pp.451-466.
Lyons, S. and Kuron, L., 2014. Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the
evidence and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 35(S1).
Forte, A. M. and Flores, M. A., 2014. Teacher collaboration and professional development in the
workplace: A study of Portuguese teachers. European Journal of Teacher Education.
37(1). pp.91-105.
Nie, Y. and et. al., 2015. The importance of autonomy support and the mediating role of work
motivation for well‐being: Testing self‐determination theory in a Chinese work
organisation. International Journal of Psychology. 50(4). pp.245-255.
Park, Y. K. And et. al., 2014. Learning organization and innovative behavior: The mediating
effect of work engagement. European Journal of Training and Development. 38(1/2).
pp.75-94.
Carlos Pinho, J., Paula Rodrigues, A. and Dibb, S., 2014. The role of corporate culture, market
orientation and organisational commitment in organisational performance: the case of
non-profit organisations. Journal of Management Development. 33(4). pp.374-398.
Longoni, A., Golini, R. and Cagliano, R., 2014. The role of New Forms of Work Organization in
developing sustainability strategies in operations. International Journal of Production
Economics. 147. pp.147-160.
Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management
practice. Kogan Page Publishers.
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