Organisational Theory and Practice

This report discusses the different types of organizational theories and practices, including management styles, principles, and functions, the impact of organizational structure and culture on employees, leadership styles for enhancing organizational effectiveness, the impact of influence, power, and conflict, and different forms of motivation utilized at British American Tobacco.

Organisational Theory and
Practice
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
A) Examine the management style and principle and function of management....................3
B) Analyse the step taken to organizational structure in order to achieve high performance and
culture and its impact on employees......................................................................................5
C) Describe the leadership style for enhances organizational effectiveness..........................6
D- Impact of influence, power and conflict at British American Tobacco............................7
E- Different forms of motivation utilized at chosen company...............................................8
F- Corporate examples in form of literature...........................................................................9
G- Recommendations in context of improving organizational performance.......................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
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INTRODUCTION
Organizational theory is refers with the sets of interrelated with the concept which are
explains the behaviour of individual or group and subgroups they are interact with each other to
perform the activities. On the other side, this effect of social relationship between the individual
within the organization along with their actions on the organization. This help to companies in to
manage complete work ad task. This study is very important and effective for management in
order to maintain performance of employees in effective manner. This covers with the different
types of theories and model of management for maintaining success at the workplace. This report
is based on the Mr. Jack Marie Henry David Bowles who is the CEO of the British American
Tobacco company. The company is manufacturing the Tobacco for users. The company sales
product across the country. Through that company have the great sales of product and purchase
raw material products.
The main aim of this report to discusses the different types of organizational theories and
practices which are help to company for getting positive success. This report examines the
different management style and states the principle as well as the functions of management
which is used by the company. This report is analysing the step in regard to organization
structure in order to achieve high performance and state organization culture and its impact on
the employees. This will discuss on the different leadership style for CEO in order to enhance
organizational effectiveness. Report will analyze the effect of power, influences and conflicts at
the company. This will discuss the different types of motivations used at the company. Here will
use the appropriate corporate example ad literature to justify the stand. At the end of report will
highlight some recommendations strategies for increase the organizational performance.
MAIN BODY
A) Examine the management style and principle and function of management.
Management is the set of principle relating to the functions of planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling the organizational process. The application of these principle
in human, financial and information resources efficiency and effectively help to achieve
organizational goals in effective manner. There are mentions some management style which is
used by CEO of British Tobacco company are as follows:
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 Visionary management style is the inspirational, strategic, transformational and
authoritative. This kind of managers have their complete focus on overall vision of
company, department and project which is help to motivate employees to work for
achieve common goals and objectives (Adedigba and Sulaiman, 2020).
 Transactional management style is focus on using positive reward such as the
incentives, bounces and stock options to motivate employee in order to improve their
performance. This help to CEO of British Tobacco company tend to be effective for the
short period where really have need to motivate their team to complete work.
Those are the effective management style which is used by CEO of company for maintain
effectiveness for company in effective manner. There are mention principle of management
which are help to maintain work at the company in effective manner. Henri Fayol is the best
principle of management which is help to manage complete work in effective manner. This
covers 14 but 5 best elements which are as follow
 Division of work is the help to enhance the quality of work and product in effective
manner. In this management have requirement to divide work properly in between the
team member.
 Authority and responsibility: After dividing work properly manager required to give
responsibility to their employees is help to make complete positivity at workplace
(Posadzinska, Slupska and Karaszewski, 2020).
 Discipline is another change which is required to maintain at the workplace because of
positive result of work. It is the core value for any project or any management. Good
performance completely depends upon the discipline into the work.
 Unity of command means an employee should have only one boss and follow their
command. An employee has follows more than one boss the problems are created at the
workplace which is not good for the company (Hastings, Kavookjian and Ekong, 2019).
 Unity of direction is refers with the complete focus on goals and objectives of company
where CEO of company need to explain all those gals to employees in proper manner.
Those are proper use of management style, principle and functions of management give positive
impact in the business.
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B) Analyse the step taken to organizational structure in order to achieve high performance and
culture and its impact on employees.
A organizational structure is the most important and effective part of the company where
company have follow the complete task under the proper structure of work. Through that
employees have idea to work with proper management. There are various stages into the
organizational structure but company follow the top, middle and bottom level of management
like functional. In this all the function of company is divided into proper manner that can be
affected to company in negative manner (Ahmady, Mehrpour and Nikooravesh, 2016). For
example: if employees face problem from their work in that employees boss is on leave then it
create problem because employee notable go through that another boss and senior. Because, they
have not any kind of idea about the complete this kind of work in proper manner. So that, it is
give impact on employee performance there is no one to guide them about their work. This
creates complete negativity for employee to work in negative manner. In the context of culture of
workplace is also affecting the performance of employees. In order to analyse complete culture
of company here use culture model is Edgar Schein model of organization culture:
 An artefact is the first level of the organizational culture which can be easily viewed at
the workplace in effective manner. This creates more effectiveness for the business by
creating effectiveness (Moşteanu, 2020). In this management follow the complete dress
code for employee which can affects the positive impact on employees. This is effective
ad more valuable for the business in effective manner.
 Values of the individuals working in organization plays an important role in deciding the
organizational culture. Through that process and attitude of employees have the deep
impact in the culture because through that employees are think that they are not the
proper part of company when partiality is happens.
 Assumed values: refers with the employees which cannot be measured but do a different
of culture of organization. This can effect to the employee on their performance because
employer think that employee have potential to done work and give more responsibility
to work in better (Král and Králová, 2016). This gives negative impact on the employee
performance and overall performance of company.
Those are impact of culture which is created through the culture and organizational structure
of company. Employees are highly affected with cultural plan for the business.
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C) Describe the leadership style for enhances organizational effectiveness.
There are different types of leadership style which are help to enhance the performance of
employees in effective manner. this creates complete positivity at workplace by using CEO of
British American Tobacco company (Gipson and Burke, 2017). Those leadership styles are as
follows:
Autocratic leadership style:
This leadership style refers with the decision making power of leaders only. In that
leaders are take decision without taking any kind of inputs from anyone who report to them. This
creates more effectiveness for business some time because employees only do work in it by
making efforts. They think that they are not the part of company they only done the work at the
workplace.
Democratic leadership style:
This leadership style is best to use by CEO of British American Tobacco Company. In
that leaders are taking views and ideas of their team member which is gives positive impact o
that in effective manner (Leadership Styles, 2019). Through that they are think they are
important part of the company and have chance to increase their performance in effective
manner. here is recommended to company to use this leadership style for better management at
company.
Strategic leadership style:
Strategic leaders sit at the intersection between a company main operations and its
growth opportunity. In that leaders are accept the burden of executive interested while ensuring
the current working conditions remain the stable for everyone else. This is effective ad valuable
for the business and for its growth factor in effective manner.
Transactional leadership style:
This leadership style common today. In that manager are rewards to their employees for
their effective performance which is help to management for gathered complete effective
performance through employees (Xie and Li, 2018). if employee are rewarded in the best manner
then employee are ready to give their hard contribution for achieve goals and objectives of
company in an effective manner.
Those are the styles of leadership which are create complete positivity at the market
place. This is a complete effective ad valuable for the business growth. Through that CEO of
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British American Tobacco have chance to enhance performance of employees and increase
knowledge about wok in respect to increase profit margin at workplace.
D- Impact of influence, power and conflict at British American Tobacco
Impact of power-
Effect of this element depends on how it has been used within a company by manager
and leaders or top authority. It can define by using effective model-
French and Raven model-
It is one of the most commonly used models as it base on different forms of power that
define its impact upon business and workers as well (Koch, Obermaier and Riesmeyer, 2020).
Referent power-
It is a kind of reverence can gain by a manager or a leader within chosen company who
has strong interpersonal relationship abilities and skills. For example, when leader in firm is able
to build good relation with workers because of effective communication, decision making and
other skills it can influence other in positive manner in term of increasing productivity.
Legitimate power-
It affects positively when CEO of British American Tobacco could use his decision
making and performance appraisal power in effective manner by considering business ethics
(Parmer and Dillard Jr, 2019).
Expert power-
When manager use his or her existing skills and knowledge to guide employees at
workplace for completing daily task on time, without making differences between new and
existing applicants, it leads to increase performance and productivity level.
Coercive power-
It put negative impact on motivation; performance and commitment of staff members
because according to its name leader suppose to punish people who work for them after making
any mistake, which is not acceptable by any one.
Reward power-
CEO can use this form of power successfully and in ethical manner by providing rewards
to its hard working staffs member without conducting any unethical practices in term of
discrimination as it increase morale and performance level of everyone.
Impact of conflicts-
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Conflicts between management and employees within company is inevitable, it always
put negative impact on performance of business and workers as well but for short term period,
when it manages appropriately by using influencing approaches, methods, process and
techniques that are accessible in the world of corporate.
Impact of influence-
When leader by using influencing leadership style influence people at workplace to
conduct effective and productive practices it affect positively and motivate employees to work
even better than last few months or years. Leader is the only one who works closer to all workers
and they can encourage them to produce new products for, serve and satisfy customers in
effective manner.
E- Different forms of motivation utilized at chosen company
Mr. Jack Marie Henry David Bowles, the chief executive officer of British American
Tabacco could use suitable methods and techniques discuss in specific model to motivate his
staff and encourage performing productively at workplace.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs-
It is the best and common use model that assist leaders how to motivate people who work
for them from many years ago just to achieve business objectives and aims (Mansaray, 2019).
This concept comprise five key stages that are mention below-
Physiological needs-
According to this term, all workers and local people have needs relate to home, good
food and shelter where he or she can live (Alajmi and Alasousi, 2019). When manager provide
shelter facilities to its employees they can motivate them to work with chosen firm and retain for
longer period of time. Shelter term refer to place or apartment where staff members can live with
family until last working days.
Safety-
Everyone needs to work under safe and protective environment where any factor could
not affect their health either mental or physical. CEO can do this for its staff in order to motivate
and encourage them in form of providing medical insurance that is quite helpful in term of
attracting more skilled candidates towards British American Tobacco brand.
Love and belongingness-
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Just like above needs, when chief executive officer of organization respect his employees
and their hard work it can act in form of love and concern, which in return motivate people to be
productive and make valuable commitment in context of achieving competitive & strategic
management aims (Rampathi and Bashier, 2020). Furthermore, leader can play role as motivator
with this force by supporting employees in daily work.
Esteem-
It include respect from others like managers which could fulfil by taking opinion and
suggestions from each employee while taking major decision in regards to business growth and
success, as it leads to increase motivational level and productivity even better within workplace
of British American Tobacco. CEO can encourage staff member in firm for their outstanding
achievements which also work in similar manner.
Self actualization-
After obtaining appropriate satisfaction and fulfilling highest potential workers
experience self actualization as it feel that CEO and other people within company is invested in
staff self development that encourage them and boost their performance as well, which is quite
beneficial in term of retaining skilled and talented candidates for longer period of time.
F- Corporate examples in form of literature
There are different companies accessible in business world that are using range of
motivational approaches, suitable management and leadership forms which make them able and
much stronger to sustain within chosen sector forever. Zaman, Nawaz and Nadeem, (2020) stated
that CEO of Microsoft also uses specific leadership style such as transformational which is quite
beneficial and useful for him in term of managing performance of workers and overall venture in
effective manner. He utilizes it in order to bring key change through effective and intellectual
stimulation that purpose at self reflective modification of beliefs and principles. With this
leadership style he can create positive and productive environment at workplace which is quite
beneficial in term of increasing productivity of staff and boost their motivational level. Not only
this one, other leaders or managers are available in corporate world who uses similar leadership
form in order to be competitive.
Amit and Zott, (2020) define that co-founder and chief executive officer of TESLA
company has used transformational leadership style which enable him to motivate his staff and
encourage them to perform in systematic and effective manner. With this for he can retain skilled
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candidates and retain them with brand for longer which in return increase productivity and
profitability as well. Just because of this style he can successfully inspire his team and group of
workers. Furthermore, along with this benefits chosen leadership style provide him excellent
opportunity in form of increasing skills, abilities and experience level of his staff even better than
last few years or month which in return increase their productivity degree and profitability of
tesla. It allows workers to keep honest with company and permit to conduct ethical act while
working with management. This style reduce risk as high employee turnover that is really a good
thing about it.
G- Recommendations in context of improving organizational performance
 The performance of workers, businesses, management and companies play vital role in
success and excellent progress of a brand as it help to deliver quality products and
services on time to target market. All these things are possible when a firm adopt and
except right suggestion and keep it with venture forever.
 British American Tobacco company will do that by following and implementing
recommended strategies that would definitely make its organizational performance better
than other brands in the world that operate in similar sector.
 Organization should take support of human resource management to develop training
strategy which is quite beneficial in form of increasing productivity of staff which in
return allow firm to perform excellently without any problems in context of product
production and promotion as well.
 Furthermore, it is one of the best and cost effective tactics that bring a lot of benefits for
chosen company in term of improving performance level and increasing profitability.
 Organization must take decision to hire new people at workplace who will support even
better in context of working and performing in productive manner which permit firm to
deliver goods on time and in systematic manner.
CONCLUSION
By summing up above discussion, it has been concluded that by using all the functions of
management chief executive officer of British American Tobacco Company has effectively and
successfully managed its business growth and gained competitive advantages. Furthermore, it
has been identified that by taking important steps towards managing operations and changing
existing structure firm has increased its performance and productivity level even better which in
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return increase its sales and profitability more than other brands. Moreover, from above analysis
it has been summarized that by providing facilities according to workers needs organization and
its management has effectively motivate existing and new workers.
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REFERENCES
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digitalization and cybersecurity. The Business management Review. 11(1). pp.278-286.
Parmer, L.L. and Dillard Jr, J.E., 2019. The way employees are treated predict power
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ONLINE
Leadership Styles. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/leadership-styles
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