Organisational Theory and Practice

This report discusses the management style and leadership qualities of the CEO of British American Tobacco (BAT), as well as the steps involved in building an organizational structure for high performance. It also explores the effects of conflict, power, and influence within the organization, and different types of motivation. Find study material, solved assignments, and essays on organisational theory and practice on Desklib.

ORGANISATIONAL
THEORY AND PRACTICE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
A. Management style followed by the CEO of British American Tobacco:..............................3
B. Steps involved in building organisational structure in order to achieve high performance:...4
C. Leadership style......................................................................................................................5
D. Effects of conflict, power and influence within the organization...........................................7
E. Types of motivation................................................................................................................8
F. Corporate examples and literature for justifying own stand...................................................9
G. Recommendations and suggestions and for increasing organisational performance...........10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management two very important aspects within an organisation, and
that’s why top-level management of each business have to make its leadership and management
aspects very effective in order to gain very positive outcomes in market place. In this dynamic
and modern world, those ventures are gaining huge profit margins and competitive advantage
which has an effective leader and manager (Schyns, Gilmore and Dietz, 2016). This report
discusses the style of management and leadership aspect qualities of CEO (Chief Executive
Officer) of BAT (British American Tobacco, Mr. Jack Henry Bowles. This BAT company is
basically a cigarette manufacturing venture, headquartered in London, UK. Various techniques
and methods of venture which has contributed in gaining high performance and productivity in
market also has been disused in this report. Culture of organisational and its influence on
different employees also has been included in the report. Present report includes some effective
styles of leadership of BAT’s CEO as well. Different types of aspects and factors, like;
motivation, conflict & influence, effective of power and recommendations also included in this
report.
MAIN BODY
A. Management style followed by the CEO of British American Tobacco:
Mr. Jack Marie Henry David Bowels was an elite businessperson of French descent. He
Become a successful Chief executive officer of BAT and lead that organization to new heights
by acquiring a position of second largest establishment in tobacco manufacturers. David Bowles
managed to succeed in the competitive market by his understanding and grip over effective
management and leadership skills, that is how effective workforce and marketing strategies were
implied and managed which results in productive and profitable growth of the company (Chión
and Morales, 2019). The management style Jack M Henry followed is described below.
Persuasive leadership manner: This kind of leadership technique is proved to be most effective
in situation were the leader or the mentor is highly experienced in their domain or line of work,
it's helpful to express and communicate your ideas and visions, this will build trust and faith in
people who follow that leader (Cosman and Logofătu. 2020). Jack Bowles was an exceptional

individual when it comes to handling administration responsibilities. He uses his persuasive
ability to win over workforce and develop faith in them regarding most of the decision he makes
and execute. Bowels provide them a detailed description with appropriate reason and logical
explanation instead off just giving them blunt orders, that why these certain decisions are made
and how they are going to benefit them and the organization. Due to this approach employee
tends to feel more responsible and accountable towards the organization and keep faith in their
management. They become adaptable to change, and they tend to accept the decisions (Elsmore,
2017).
Principle of management:
David Bowels follows several values of management in accordance with Henri Fayol
theory, those are as follows:
Unity of direction: Mr. Jack believes that every employee should have a definite objective. He
wants to build a working environment where all the staff members have a common target, and
they work together with proper coordination to achieve the same.
Stability: He prioritizes his workforce and emphasize on providing them job security and a
healthy environment to work in. Company also introduced a “speak up policy” for the employee
if in any case they feel exploited or threatened.
Equity: The chief executive of the enterprise makes sure that, there should be no favouritism and
inequality been practised or tolerated at any cost. Every person who is part of the company is
treated with respect and equality.
B. Steps involved in building organisational structure in order to achieve high performance:
Constructing an establishment layout which leads to high efficiency is essential and a
complex process to be carried out. There are certain steps to be followed precisely, and they are
discussed underneath:
Understand the advantages and competences of the company: This step is devoted to the
organization, that they should do a self-assessment and re-evaluate their objectives, purpose and
vision. This will help employees in better understanding of their corporation that, where they are
heading to, and where they wanted to be along with the company (Mishra, 2020).
Identify and analyse the planning strategy: Management tends to believe that, the efforts which
bring them here will support them to sustain in the future. They need to understand that
modifying their plan of actions and procedures will help them in acquiring growth and success.

Ensure that all the major aspects of the firm is aligned in same direction: The management
need to make sure that the vision and motive of the organization is clear to every individual.
They will have a broad view in what direction to work on, it will become easy to determine the
resources which will be needed to reach the desired target (Martins and Nienaber. 2020).
Initiate change and an open to adapt that: The high end establishment are far-sighted, so they
tend to rebuild themselves efficiently to attain long term goals (Ombati, 2018). Almost every
company undergoes certain level of alteration. To get better understanding, its good to apply
SWOT analysis within organisational parameters.
Investing in workforce: BAT value their staff members and consider them as their most valuable
possession. The strategy of the chief executive officer is to recruit the best and skilled workers.
They have a dedicated team to manage the selection procedure, and they also manage the
employee engagements of retaining employees and providing them a harmonious work
atmosphere.
Culture of British American Tobacco and its impact on their employees:
BAT motto is to regulate their business with unity, righteousness and clarity and also
work on efficiently developing profession i.e. accountable, thriving and prosperous in the long
run. Their culture indicates positive attributes which are:
Trust: A trustworthy management on which employees can rely on, and they act as a support
system whenever they attempted to try something new is a boon (Teke,. 2020).
Teamwork: BA tobacco emphasize on team work and group oriented projects which helps build
harmony between the people and help prevent conflict.
Elasticity: The company keep on modifying their work procedures and techniques which will
keep employee engage and motivated because following the same schedule or process will bore
them which results in less productivity (Ülgen and Tuğsal, 2016).
C. Leadership style
CEO uses various leadership styles in its regular operation to improve effectiveness within
the organisation. Basically, improved effectiveness is too important to a company to achieve
huge profit margins as well as competitive advantage within market. In this situation, different
leadership styles can be played a very appropriate role to top-level management of a business to
achieve effectiveness within organisational practices and operations. Some major leadership

styles have been mentioned below which has adopted by CEO of existing tobacco venture to
enhance an effectiveness within own workplace.
Coaching style: This is one of the major styles of leadership which completely uses by Mr.
Bowles for achieving great results within workplace. Generally, coaching style of leadership has
enabled CEO to act like a coach for different employees and workers in workplace in the terms
of providing proper direction, learnings and guidance. After using this leadership style in regular
operations, he tries to motivate employees for putting own huge efforts in daily operations of
company in order to achieve great growth. On the other hand, coaching style make able to Mr.
Jack for encouraging employees to develop effective relations with each other (Matthews and
et.al., 2018). At the end, this leadership style has enabled to CEO for enhancing effectiveness of
tobacco venture in market place.
Servant leadership style: Servant leadership style is highly used by Mr. Bowles to enhance
effectiveness of own venture. Generally, servant style of leadership supports him to effectively
serving own different services in market place to customers. This style has encouraged CEO to
develop effective interaction values among employees as well. After developing interaction
values among employees, he will be indirectly enabled to make very effective employees’
relations within the organisation. CEO completely aware about this fact that, currently lots of
successful and famous leaders takes huge advantages from servant style of leadership, and that’s
why he also need to always adopt and use this leadership style to enhance organisational
effectiveness of BAT.
Transformational style: Transformational style of leadership also plays a very important role to
chief executive officer Mr. Bowles, because after using this leadership style, CEO can be simply
enabled for transforming itself on the basis of various organisational situations. Suppose, a
venture mostly requires for dealing with lots of positive or negative conditions and situations. In
this situation, when manager of venture has appropriate knowledge about transformational
leadership style, then that manager will easily face and deal with any situation of organisation
(Martínez González and et.al., 2016). Nowadays, CEO of present tobacco venture is fully aware
about great impact of transformational style of leadership, and that’s why he uses
transformational style also for enhancing and improving effectiveness British American Tobacco
company.

D. Effects of conflict, power and influence within the organization
Power and conflicts highly affect to various aspects of company. In this situation, upper
management of tobacco company have to semantically manage the impact of conflict and power
within the workplace. Top-level management of BAT has provided power to various eligible
people of organisation. Suppose, a leader within company has power for leading as well as
directing its employees and team members in daily operations. On the other hand, a line manager
of venture has power for managing various practices within work. The human resource manager
has power relating to offer various sessions of productive training and development to existing
employees and workers. It means, the management at British American Tobacco has fully
distributed power to various people of organisation on the basis of their attributes, eligibility and
speciality. This power aspect of company has highly impacted it’s all over productivity and
performance in market place. This is the main reason that, it is very mandatory to Mr. Bowles
that, systematically manage influence of power in workplace. He has required for ensuring that
people of organisation using their power in ethical way or not. Generally, many times employees
use own power unethically for achieving personal advantages, in which CEO needs for
motivating its different departments and employees for using own power in ethical way, and this
step will impact growth of the organisation positively.
The CEO at BAT should always be ready to deal with impact of different conflicts of
organisation as well (Bolden, Witzel and Linacre, 2016). Generally, each venture or company is
required to deal with conflicts in daily operations, because conflicts not beneficial for company
in order to achieve final business objective on time. That’s why Mr. Bowles has mostly prepared
an effective plan for dealing with the influence of conflicts in daily operations. Nowadays BAT
has faced lots of conflicts in regular business practices. Suppose many times, an employee of
company not coordinate with another employee because of different motivation and mind-set,
many times company’s contractors have breached the contract unnecessarily without any
negotiation and permission, sometimes conflict has raised due to political instability, etc. In that
case, these all conflicts mostly too badly impact to performance of BAT in market, in which
upper management has used different productive strategies for reducing the negative influence
which raises because of all conflicts. Suppose, it makes productive interaction values among all
employees for encouraging them to maintain very effective relationship with each other. Existing
CEO has followed various laws, regulations or standards as well, which has contributed in

removing various conflicts from daily operations (Rouhani and et.al., 2018). At the end, British
American Tobacco can be enabled to productively handle the impact to conflicts and power in
daily operations after conduct these different practices.
E. Types of motivation
Nowadays CEO at company has used various types of motivation in order to highly
motivate and encourage its various employees and people in daily operations to gain very
productive results within different market segments. Day by day the competition within market
in increasing. In this situation, it is very mandatory for BAT to have a too motivated workforce.
Currently using various productive motivation types is the most appropriate way to Mr. Bowles
for motivating employees within workplace. Few major types of motivation have been described
below which currently used by CEO of existing tobacco venture.
Power Motivation
Power motivation always motivated to employees in company for working effectively in
daily operations for developing their performance as well as productivity, because when
employees has performed effectively in workplace, then company will promote those high
performers. After promotion, a person can be simply achieved more power in comparison of its
last job role in company. That’s why present tobacco business has highly used power motivation
in daily operations.
Competence Motivation
Competence motivation also highly contributes in motivating various employees in
workplace. Competence motivation gives chance for gaining a workforce with many skilled and
talented employees to BAT (Briggs and Coleman, 2019). Generally, present type of motivation
has enabled to the management of tobacco venture for encouraging all employees within
workplace for improving own skills and abilities. But while implementing competence type of
motivation within daily operations, the management need to offer appropriate sessions of
training and development to various employees.
Incentive Motivation

BAT offers incentives to its different employees within daily operations against their
additional work. Generally, CEO knows that the incentives mostly has positively impacted to
different employees, and encourage them in order to work more effectively to gain better
outcomes in daily operations. That’s why British American Tobacco has offered appropriate
incentive fund to employees for highly motivating them within workplace.
Achievement Motivation
This type of motivation currently uses by many organisations in market place, in which
this type has used within tobacco venture also for motivating employees in workplace.
Generally, during using this motivation type, Mr. Bowles is aware people within organisation
about what are their key targets and aims in workplace, and then people or employees has been
motivated for achieving these targets and aims in decided time period.
Attitude Motivation
The attitude type of motivation has help to BAT for effectively changing attitude of
employees in workplace (Lahtero, Lång and Alava, 2017). CEO of BAT fully knows that; the
attitude of employees plays an effective role in developing performance and productivity of
company. Generally, when most people within British American Tobacco has too positive
perception and attitude for gaining its targets goals, then company will easily achieve too
appropriate results within market. That’s why Mr. Bowles has given appreciation and rewards to
various employees to positively change attitude of people or employees in workplace.
F. Corporate examples and literature for justifying own stand
On the basis of Hamidifar, Yusoff and Ebrahimi (2017), nowadays every venture wants
for making its management and leadership aspects too effective as well productive, because the
manager or the leader some key people in a company who has worked to gain huge performance
by taking very productive work from different employees within workplace. The manager mostly
has power for planning, selecting, organising, directing and controlling various activities and
operations within workplace. On the other hand, the leader has played a very appropriate role by
leading many team members and employees within workplace. Employees can’t perform
perfectly without achieving proper direction and guidance of a leader and a manager. That’s why
currently many of organisations has provided productive sessions of training and development to

existing managers and leaders in order to inform them about the impact of effective management
and leadership styles.
According to Pretorius, Steyn and Bond-Barnard (2018), there are lots of factors exists in
business environment of a company which affects in both manners positively or negatively.
That’s why upper management of company has mostly required for developing some proper
strategies for dealing with the influence of all factors. Suppose high competition of market can
be impacted venture for improving its customer service levels for attracting lots of new
customers or people towards own tobacco venture. In this situation, if venture will attract lots of
new people, then it can be easily achieved great competitive advantage within market place.
According to these all-mentioned literatures and corporate examples, Mr. Bowles at BAT
have to innovate or develop some appropriate strategies and techniques which can be helped in
company’s full growth within selected market segments.
G. Recommendations and suggestions and for increasing organisational performance
Continuously the market competition within each sector and industry is increasing, in
which this is not appropriate factor to all over growth of British American Tobacco (Yen, 2016).
In this modern and dynamic market, only such companies and ventures has enabled to achieve
huge competitive advantage in market, where existing CEOs and MDs has great knowledge of
various principles of management. In this situation, present management at company have to
achieve proper knowledge about different productive styles of management and leadership,
because it is too mandatory to impact performance of employees positively in workplace.
However, Mr. Jack, who is CEO at tobacco company is completely aware about great role of
different styles, and this is the main reason that, he is gaining lots of advantages from these styles
after implementing them in regular operations. Nowadays, task of performance management also
too important to upper management of tobacco venture for achieving a very productive
workforce. In this situation, upper management need to innovate some appropriate policies to
manage employees’ performance and productivity effectively for enabling them to be highly
skilled and talented (Becker, 2020). After considering all-mentioned aspects and factors in
regular operations, CEO Mr. Bowles can be easily achieved great profit margins and competitive
advantage in the market.

CONCLUSION
According to findings, it can be concluded that CEO Mr. Jack Bowles of BAT (British
American Tobacco) company has various productive abilities and skills to manage own various
operations and practices in appropriate way. He has fully succeeded in developing an
effectiveness in own work environment, which is very productive factor. With the help of
appropriate monitoring and direction, Mr. Henry Bowles of BAT achieves positive outcomes as
CEO in selected market segments.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Bolden, R., Witzel, M. and Linacre, N. eds., 2016. Leadership paradoxes: Rethinking leadership
for an uncertain world. Routledge.
Briggs, A. and Coleman, M., 2019. Research Methodology in Educational Leadership and
Management. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education.
Chión, S.J., and Morales, J., 2019. The impact of organisational culture, organisational structure
and technological infrastructure on process improvement through knowledge
sharing. Business Process Management Journal.
Cosman, A., and Logofătu. 2020. The Impact of the Management Style on Effective and
Efficient Management of the Public Institution.Ovidius University Annals, Economic
Sciences Series.20(1). pp.592-597. M., 2020
Elsmore, P., 2017.Organisational Culture: Organisational Change?: Organisational Change?.
Routledge.
Hamidifar, F., Yusoff, K. and Ebrahimi, M., 2017. Leadership and management in the
internationalization of higher education. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in
Higher Education. 23(1). pp.49-71.
Lahtero, T. J., Lång, N. and Alava, J., 2017. Distributed leadership in practice in Finnish
schools. School Leadership & Management. 37(3). pp.217-233.
Martínez González, M., and et.al., 2016. Public Healthcare Organizations: Leadership or
Management?. Athenea digital: revista de pensamiento e investigación social. 16(3).
pp.0245-257.
Matthews, J. H., and et.al., 2018. Teaching leadership: the medical student society model. The
clinical teacher. 15(2). pp.145-150.
Mishra, M., 2020. Principles of Management-Fall. 2020.
Nienaber, H. and Martins, N., 2020. Exploratory study: determine which dimensions enhance the
levels of employee engagement to improve organisational effectiveness.The TQM
Journal. 32(3). pp.475-495.
Ombati, N., 2018. PRINCIPLNienaberES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT.
Pretorius, S., Steyn, H. and Bond-Barnard, T. J., 2018. Leadership styles in projects: current
trends and future opportunities. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering. 29(3).
pp.161-172.

Rouhani, M. J., and et.al., 2018. UK medical students’ perceptions, attitudes, and interest toward
medical leadership and clinician managers. Advances in medical education and
practice. 9. p.119.
Schyns, B., Gilmore, S. and Dietz, G., 2016. What lessons can we learn from football about
leadership and management?. In Leadership lessons from compelling contexts. Emerald
Group Publishing Limited.
Teke, U.K., 2020. OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT.
Ülgen, B., and Tuğsal, T., 2016. Managers’ personality traits over management styles and
decision-making styles.International Journal of Commerce and Finance.2(1). pp.125-136.
Yen, W., 2016. From the Great Wall to Wall Street: A cross-cultural look at leadership and
management in China and the US. Springer.
Online
Becker, B. 2020. The 8 Most Common Leadership Styles & How to Find Your Own. [Online].
Available Through: < https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/leadership-styles>.