Organizational Behavior Analysis

This assignment requires a comprehensive analysis of organizational behavior. It involves studying various concepts such as employee motivation, leadership styles, organizational culture, and the impact of these factors on workplace dynamics. Students need to demonstrate their understanding through critical evaluation of theories, real-world examples, and potential applications in diverse organizational settings.

ORGANISATIONS
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Compare and contrast of different organisation structure and culture..................................1
1.2 Relationship between ASDA's structure and culture impacts on its performance................2
1.3 Factors that influence the behaviour of employees within the organisation.........................2
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Comparison of different leadership styles in ASDA and Mark & Spencer..........................3
2.1 Various organisational theories which underpins the practice of management....................4
2.3 Different approaches to management that used by ASDA and M&S...................................4
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................6
Covered in ppt.............................................................................................................................6
3.1 Impact of different leadership styles on employees..............................................................6
3.2 Application of different motivational theories within the workplace...................................6
3.3 Usefulness of a motivation theory.........................................................................................7
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Nature of groups and group behaviour in ASDA..................................................................7
4.2 Factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork......................8
4.3 Impact of technology on team functioning in ASDA...........................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour has defined as the study of human behaviour towards the
company's work. It recognised that how individual behave or react regarding the work and their
performance to achieve business goals and objectives. It is the study of the way people interact
within groups. This theory use for human resources purpose to maximise the productivity within
firm. ASDA stores Private ltd. is largest supermarket in UK which is retail company and deals
with grocery, general merchandise, clothing, toys etc. it has expanded business in mobile
network which is know as ASDA mobile (Adeniji, 2011). In this assignment, it will explain
organisational structure and culture and also compare with other retail industry which is M&S
Plc. This report will analysis the different types of leadership styles that are followed above two
companies and further discuss several models and theories in ASDA company. It will describe
importance of teamwork and impact of technology in organisation's functions.
TASK 1
1.1 Compare and contrast of different organisation structure and culture
Organisational structure and culture determine the behaviour of people and their reactions
towards the company's goals. Cultures refers to an assumptions, values, norms and attitudes
according to organisation that members guide themselves in day to day actions. And
organisational structure is defined as interactions among employees by following level or
systems within the firm that people undertake for the purpose of achieving goals and objectives.
ASDA follows hierarchical organisation structure in which include number of layers and
job levels in an enterprise. This is a systematic way for communications and making actions
plans for the company. Employees have to follow the systems by which they can convey
messages as well as get informations (Christina, 2014). There are some major drawbacks in
hierarchy system that all decisions are taken by the seniors or top level of management as staff
members and major workforce working in the store are not involved in decision making process
they just accept or follow the instructions as well as policies which made by the senior members.
There are types of layers in hierarchical structure so it can impact on informations flows which
through various levels as it can be slow process of message passing. In other words, the core
value of firm are fairness, transparency, integrity and customer satisfaction.
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On the other hand, M&S company is comparatively flat with less number of layers. And
communications process is easier due to few level and the flow of informations is easy as well as
quick. Work culture of this organisation is flat and there is no place for poor work, and weak
because of proper interactions (Coccia, 2014). They also focus on customers satisfaction. It is a
big competitor of ASDA so it create high competition in the market.
1.2 Relationship between ASDA's structure and culture impacts on its performance
There are three level in the organisation structure which followed by ASDA company as
top, middle and lower level in hierarchy system. It is important that a company which is popular
must have more level as it support in increasing experienced and seniority within the company
and for the employees who benefited with promotions to high job level. It is the responsibility of
the manager to satisfy the employees and give them equal opportunities as well as treat them
fairly for retain them towards company for obtain certain task and objectives. Lower workforce
comprise as majority of people should feel valuable within the firm. As a CEO, it must must be
required to ensure about the relationship with employees and customers for the benefit of the
company so manager focus on building relations among employees by proper interactions. Polite
behaviour and emotional attachments between employee and employer help to motivate them
and they will work effectively to attain specific goals for the organisation. ASDA company
follows hierarchical system to maximise efficiency and support to employees for better work to
achieve target and improve their performance.
1.3 Factors that influence the behaviour of employees within the organisation
There are various forces that can affect on individual behaviour as well as it impact on
their job or performance which can be loss for the company and decrease work productivity that
can be cause of risks. So organisation have to focus on these factor and help to employees to
improve their work as well as performance to achieve best outcomes or results (del and Mar,
2011). Some factors directly affects on individual behaviours and decrease their morale in
respect of company's goals and predetermine targets. ASDA undertakes several factors which
influences an individual's behaviours are discussed below. Such as:
Communications: It is most important factor in every organisation that directly impact
on employee's behaviour as well as work due to lack of communication within the organisation.
If it is effective then it helps to keep the employee motivated and interested in performing task. It
is not only interactions as it attached emotionally and helps to build strong relations by knowing
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each other. In the company, manager or supervisor must know about all staff members and their
team with personal interactions or one-to-one meet with them. Supervisor make sure that every
person within organisation are taking in polite and respectful with other employees. And it helps
to employees as feel respectful and works with integrity or efficiency.
Fairness: It play vital role in influencing human behaviour. Employees always want that
they should be appreciated on the basis of their work as well as according to efforts which they
put to achieve target. So there should not be any partialities among employees and give them
opportunities to show their talents, knowledge, ideas which can help in business development
(Dickens, 2012). ASDA's CEO must be ensure that they are giving equal opportunities or
chances to the employees.
Responsibilities: It is a big factor which impacts on motivate and demotivate to the
employee. Worker expect to develop their skills and knowledge to achieve tasks and objectives
while working. Employees also expect that he or she should be given power of decision making
that helps to perform any task in effective manner. In ASDA all decisions are taken by the
seniors or top level management which related to daily operations and they discussed with
employees. That support to motivate staff to increase productivity of work.
Task 2
2.1 Comparison of different leadership styles in ASDA and Mark & Spencer
Leadership style consider several functions such as providing direction, plan
implementation and motivations to attains goals and objectives of the company. Generally leader
are those who can influence human behaviour and make work done from them by providing
guidelines and directions (Dobrow, 2013). In ASDA company, they follow autocratic leadership
styles because there are hierarchical structure but in the M&S company, the structure of
organisation is flat that is why they believe on democratic leadership styles within the
organisation and it expanded its business across the world so they allow to employees to take
decisions or actions if necessary.
It is important that ASDA must follow autocratic leadership style to get work done
because it is difficult to involve broad workforce in making decisions. If employees get engage
in decision-making process and getting their opinions and suggestions can take more time as well
as it can slow process. So manager ensure about their agreeableness regarding the decisions.
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Due to changes, ASDA company follow transformational leadership style because leader knows
that changes is must and it is essential of brining change for organisation functions. This style
play important role in interacting with employees and providing them financial and social
benefits to satisfy their needs and wants for good work (Foy, 2011).
On the other, M&S sometimes follow democratic leadership style as they give power to
employees or supervisors to make decisions and take actions for day to day activities as well as
for daily operations of the company it helps to minimise the risks if occur and support to the
organisation in surviving from any loss or disasters. In this style manager take suggestions and
opinions from the employees or worker regarding any decisions and use those recommendations
when taking actions. It also known as consultative democratic leadership style.
2.1 Various organisational theories which underpins the practice of management
In ASDA company use Max Weber's bureaucracy theory because its management
practices is based on it. And this theory is characterised by the six main principles. Weber
explained that in the organisation there should be hierarchical structure as well as multiple layers
for better planning and controlling on the business and decision must be taken by the top level
management. He explained that various level and layers helps in operating business in systematic
and scientific way that easily can be get company's goals and objectives. Management made
rules and regulations which must be followed by the employees and try to obey disciplines
within the organisation (Gold, 2013). Work should be divide according to match with job profile
of the employees as well as after ensuring their knowledge and skills which helps to em0ployees
in doing work easily. Team should be formed according to right person for the right job as well
as to see their working experience, group must be formed. ASDA focus on its stakeholders such
as employees, customers, suppliers, governments and many more for the business functions or
meet day to day operation goals. According to Weber, it also called up focused approach.
ASDA follows fairness, transparencies, communication which are very important for the
organisation development. Company also treat equally to the employees and customers as should
not do any partialities among them. So this company believes in satisfaction level of stakeholder
to meet log term objectives and build strong brand image in market.
2.3 Different approaches to management that used by ASDA and M&S
M&S and ASDA companies are using different approaches and strategies for
development and they are focusing on capture the wide market areas by selling more retail
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products. M&S company is selling food to customers which is differentiate the market or
consumer with ASDA product's. M&S use lean culture and structure in the organisation and
continuous to follow same methods by adopting some new strategies. It emphasise that this
company is not only result-oriented but also customer-oriented according to its approaches. And
ASDA adopts sustainability approach that can be more or less result-oriented based (Hashim,
2014). In this concern as to make business better in numerical terms.
Underpinning knowledge: M&S company focus on accepting the all changes and
develop strategies towards an organisation. It brings free diversity, innovation for promote
business as this company believes in connecting with environmental changes and up to date for
surviving among competitors. It support to the organisation in building healthy relations and
nurture dignity to obtain best outcomes. ASDA emphasise to achieve growth and sustenance as it
is primary motive of this company as well as these are not negative factors for an organisation
but there are certain shortcoming of this approach because of its continued stress on work
performance.
Applied knowledge: In this defined that lean management structure where there are less
complexities in reporting and the responsibility for people are more. It may be considered that
employees can give best performance at workplace if they are empowered and encouraged for
adopting their own style of working (Hyde, 2013). Sustainability approach can create negative
and depressing environment within organisation because it focus on work productivity rather
than other functions.
So above this study, it can be understand that being focus on performance may be bad for
organisation. As without creating path, results cannot be get and can causes of failure of an
organisation so ASDA company required to frame the routes and paths to attain goals or target.
Delegations of authority play important role in achieving aims and objectives as by delegating
responsibility to employees that to choose their own methods while performing task which is
beneficial for workers and organisation.
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TASK 3
Covered in ppt
3.1 Impact of different leadership styles on employees
A leadership style is a leader's action which provide direction, plan implementation and
helps in motivating persons. It also an individuals ability to keep his team moving toward their
pre determining objective. Generally this refers to one''s ability who influence others. CEO of
ASDA has keeping his focuses on how work will done and the interaction between employee
and organisation was through exchange of performance rewards. Firm's CEO has trait of CEO
who belies in bringing changes in workplace (Kitchin, 2017).
Different leaders has used various type of style of leadership who made impact on workforce
such as:
Autocratic- The autocratic style permit CEO to make his decision alone without taking other's
contribution. The CEO had whole authority and imposed it on his employees But in organisation
on has the power to challenges this decision. Hence, staff members are not so much comfortable
with new CEO of the company and now they are also fad up with new policies and regulation
which are proposed by changed CEO this can be a reason for reducing the number of employee.
Participative- This is a democratic style it values the input of peer but all over responsibility of
taking final decision will be in hands of CEO. The impact of it is quite divided on varied
employees as some of them are fine and have not garages with his decision but may be few
person believes in taking decision by own.
Transactional- It means leader provides task to perform and gives rewards or punishment to
teams members based on outcomes. Employee took their participation to complete task but they
will have fear to punishment some time which make hurdles in performance.
Transformational- This is depends on proper and high level of communication to meet
objective. CEO frames those policy which helps in boosting motivation in employees. As impact,
employee are more efficient and productive through sound communication (LA, 2013).
3.2 Application of different motivational theories within the workplace.
Maslow's hierarchy theory- It is a psychology proposed theory of need that an
individuals wished to and motivated to complete it. This has various stages of desires such as
physiological, safety, love, esteem and self actualization framed in pyramid style. The CEO of
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AIDA keep close connection with his employees which makes them able to know employee's
ability for given task. Maslow's theory is clear justification to CEO to hoe to divide performing
role and population.
Vroom's expectancy theory model-This is also a motivational concept which asses
individual's behave or act in certain way. In AIDA the changed CEO monitor the effort and work
of employees and frames a policy in which they pays more when performance are on mark and
stuff member will stays after working hours (Suma and Lesha, 2013). This theory plays a good
role in motivating employees.
Out of all these theories AIDA will choose Meslow's motivation theory to high effect as
organisation distribute rewards on basis of post of employees.
3.3 Usefulness of a motivation theory.
Concepts of theories motivation is refer to those elements which made a person more
productive, keep their performance high and bring satisfaction to them. A motivated employees
is a assets for each and every company which facilitates firm with sound revenue. Highly satisfy
worker will never creates hurdle in organisations process cause they will understands all that
reason whatever CEO given to them. Through motivated person sound environment will be
created also it reduces the level of laziness along with it competition level will be increased in
organisation. Hence, motivated employees are the key for successful firm.
Task 4
4.1 Nature of groups and group behaviour in ASDA
Groups are defined as two or more individual come together to achieve common goals.
Groups are formed within the organisation for the purpose of attaining task and objectives as
temporary or permanent. In ASDA, there are two types of groups exist as formal and informal.
Formal group: These are formed by the management that can be for certain time period
or long time period (Suppiah, 2011). In this, according to people knowledge, skills and
experience, organisations form a team for a particular job or task. These are well-structured and
well-managed by the leader of that group. Manager ensure that all employees are working
effectively without any conflicts or barriers to obtain common goal and maintain harmony
system to deliver high quality of work or service.
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Informal groups: These are formed people who are working within the organisations
according to their interest and mutual understanding. Team can be formed by the employees
which support to build good relations among them. There are no rules and regulations in
informal groups. ASDA also has labour unions that make sure about fair treatment with
employees as wages should be distributed properly by the organisation. They also ensure that
staffs are working according to terms or conditions of company and compensate effectively.
ASDA company will make collaboration with Wal-Mart, a US based company which is not easy
because it does not focus or support to labour union (Walsham, 2012). So these issues can affect
employee's behaviour as well as labour turnover or job insecurity can be increase which is loss
for the organisation.
4.2 Factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork
There are some factors to develop the team as well as make effective groups to achieve
certain objectives. But it can impact negatively on its result or outcomes. Some of factors should
be consider for make good organisation.
Leadership: Leaders are those who provide guidelines to team member for target
achievement. They also facilitates communication among group, minimise conflicts among all
employees and make sure that they are achieving set goals and objectives. Leaders understand
each member and motivate them for effective work. In ASDA, they may face high level of
conflicts due to absence of leadership in a diversified team and it will impact on their
performance so it is most important factor of the organisation.
Transparency: It is also important factor that transparencies must be there as well as it
should be maintained among the team and each individual credited for his or her work in the
group. This type of factor increase competition among members that they will try to get
maximum outcomes or results to get benefit from efforts which put by them ((Kitchin, 2017)). It
helps employees to feel secure regarding the job as equal opportunities should be given to
demonstrate his or her skills. Lack of transparencies can increase demotivation and insecurity
among workers.
Trust: To make healthy relations, trust is very important to make smooth as well as for
proper functioning of any team. That is why effective communication is required for ensuring
that members are connected with each other. It also support in building good relations and
maintaining harmony system among employees. Lack of trust can affect individual's behaviour
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and causes of conflicts or dispute among team members that will directly impact on work
productivity.
4.3 Impact of technology on team functioning in ASDA
Technology is the major factor of any organisation as due to changes in several
techniques it directly affect to the organisation's operations because companies are trying to
incorporate new and emerging technology into their firm for achieving competitive advantage
and ASDA company is depending on high level of technology. It used to lead in supermarket
before its collaboration with Wal-Mart but due to lack of proper technology and infrastructure it
is difficult. Company gained benefits because of large and extensive use of technology in Wal-
Mart. So for this, company appointed to make smooth functioning of all the teams. It also known
as information system division as support team looks functions of software. In comprises to build
new tools and software for better solutions. They also focus on security, data integrity.
This company is also dealing in online trading where customers can purchase or shopping
through internet ans it helps to save time and company provide services to deliver products in
free. ASDA also using technologies for hiring or recruiting person and organise training and
development programs. It helps to find right candidates as well as with matching their job
profiles according to skills or knowledge for the company's work (Wilkinson, 2014). Technology
also support in data collections and analysis which is required for market research and
understanding customer taste as well as preferences. So this company believes in adopting new
technology to compete the competitors and make organisations effective from environmental
affects.
CONCLUSION
Above this project report, The organisational behaviour is an application which helps in
knowing individual or groups behave and react in the organisation. To receive the high quality
of productivity and performance then it is required to exploit innovation in the employees. It
has been concluded that organisation behaviour refers to individual's reactions towards
company's goals and objectives (Wood, 2016). In this study two companies have undertaken
which are ASDA and M&S. Both are retail company and have different structure and culture
therefore it required two leadership styles for company success and they are following according
to their organisation. Leader of ASDA managed his workforce successfully. This company is
dealing in retail industry as it selling various products such as grocery, general merchandise,
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clothing, toys etc. the company being an expert in retail business has some experienced people
who support the human resource management and play an important role in the business success
and try to provide best working conditions for their employees for getting high quality of
performance and service within the organisation to attain its desired outcomes and objectives.
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