Holmes Institute HI6005: Motivation Theories and Organizational Report

This report provides an overview of motivation theories within an organizational context, focusing on content and process theories. It delves into Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McGregor's theory, illustrating their practical application through real-world examples. The report highlights the differences between content and process theories, emphasizing the importance of motivation in enhancing employee dedication, job satisfaction, and overall organizational performance. It also discusses the relevance of these theories in achieving organizational goals and objectives, offering insights into how leaders can apply these principles to foster a positive and productive work environment. Furthermore, the report touches upon the Hofstede model to provide more context to the theories.

Behavior 1
Organization Behavior and Management

Behavior 2
Executive Summary
This report includes a brief description of the behavior of the organization in the business
market. The selected topic of this report is motivation content theories and general framework.
This report includes a brief description of the motivation theories in the context of the
organization. The difference between the content theory of motivation and process theory of
motivation is included in this report. Several examples of motivation theory are included in this
report. Maslow's theory of motivation is briefly described in this report. The various behaviors
and management aspects of the organization are included in this report.

Behavior 3
Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Motivational Theories......................................................................................................................5
Maslow’s theory of motivation........................................................................................................6
Hertzberg Theory.............................................................................................................................8
McGregor’s Theory of motivation.................................................................................................10
Behavioral Science Research.........................................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................13

Behavior 4
Introduction
This report includes several motivational aspects and general theories related to motivation. The
several theories of motivation described in the report. The motivation is the task that takes the
organization towards the goal and objective of the organization with the efforts of the employee.
The employee works with dedication by using the motivation theories. The several alternatives
are also included in the motivation theories. This report includes a description of the different
theories of motivation that is beneficial for the organization. Maslow's theory of motivation
briefly described in this report. Hertzberg theory of motivation is also beneficial in the
organization and this discussed in this report. There are many theories of motivation used in the
organizational aspects, which described below in the further report. McGregor's theory of
motivation described in this report. Motivation is one of the important aspect used in the business
organization to motivate the staff towards the work. This report includes real-world examples to
describe the motivation theories in the organization. The report requires relating the Hofstede's
work with the motivational theories. It includes examples of motivation related to the particular
process. Motivation is the most important feature used to create willingness among the
employees of the organization. By using the motivation theories, employee performance
increased in the organization. Various theories used by different organizations in the business
market. All the theories made as per the interest of the employees.
Motivation theories include several factors of the organization ad relate to these factors of the
business. All the goals and objectives of the organization related to the motivational aspects. The
other word used in place of motivation is satisfaction relates to the employee of an organization.
The actions of the employee get change as per the requirements of the business. Therefore,
motivation theories give several advantages to the organization.

Behavior 5
Motivational Theories
The content theory focused on what and process theory focused on how human behavior is
motivated. Content theories are the earliest theory of motivation. Content theory gives a large
impact on the environment of business and improves the management practice of business. There
is a large difference between the content theory and process theory of motivation (Latham,
2012). As content theory gives the focus on changing the requirements of the humans and
process theory focuses on the psychological processes, which affect the motivation process in
business. Both theories are linked with motivation. There are several differences between content
theory and process theory (Reeve, 2012).
The content theory is the earliest theory used in the process of motivation. This gives the reasons
for motivating an individual. This theory includes the various requirements used to motivate a
person. In content theory, various theories of motivation included which is Maslow's hierarchy of
needs, Herzberg Two factor theory and many more other theories. This theory is related to the
various needs and requirements used in the process of motivation. Whereas process theory
defines, the various behavioral patterns of individuals in fulfilling the several needs and
requirements (Petri and Govern, 2012). The process theories include various theories like
reinforcement theory, expectancy theory and equity theory. Content theory mainly focuses on the
several needs and requirements used by the organization to motivate a person. This theory
changes the needs of humans frequently. There are various examples by which some process
theories reduced to the content theories as this theory focused mainly on the requirements. These
examples show that content theory is more useful as compared to process theories. The
motivation is one of the important aspects of the business organization and it increases the work
quality of the business by motivating the employees. The employee's dedication is improved by
adopting several motivation theories in business. As compared to process theory, content theories
are more useful in the business world as it defines the proper requirements of the employees as
well as business. The organization achieves all the objectives and goals by using the theories of
motivation. Motivation is one of the essential parts of the organization and it is used in every
private or government organization as it increases the growth of the organization and improves
the work quality by motivating the employees (Gunnell, et al., 2014). Motivation plays an

Behavior 6
important role in achieving the goals and objective of the organization by the employees. The
dedication of the employees increases towards the work by using this motivation theory. Most of
the motivation theories give the outcomes of employee job satisfaction. Several contemporary
issues can be solved with the help of the motivation and employee works with more dedication.
Most of the theories of motivation related to the employees only because the business uses
motivation theories to motivate the employees and improves the growth of the organization.
Motivation increases job satisfaction among the workers of the organization and this process
helps them to work with more frequency.

Behavior 7
Maslow’s theory of motivation
According to Maslow's theory of motivation, motivation is the resultant of the attempt done by a
person to fulfil the five basic needs that is safety, social, esteem, physiological and self-
actualization. This motivation theory includes the proper hierarchy of needs. This is the most
influential theory of motivation, which is mostly used in the organization (Osabiya, 2015). This
theory is completely based on human needs and these needs are differentiated in the form of
hierarchy from lower to a higher order. The five needs show in Maslow's theory of motivation
are described below-
 Physiological needs
These needs defined as the foundation of motivation. This requirement is the main
physical requirement used by human individuals. The universal human needs are
included in the physiological needs. The hierarchy of needs defined by Maslow included
the first step in the physiological needs. These needs are very important to achieve to
maintain motivation among the employees at the workplace and maintains all over the
system of motivation (Macauley, 2015). The traits and a state are included in the
physiological needs. These needs are very essential for humans to maintain motivation.
The physiological needs include health, food, water and sleep.
 Safety and Security needs
These needs come in the environment after the physiological needs satisfied. The people
suffer from stress and many more disorders due to the lack of safety at the time of the
disaster, family violence and child abuse. Due to the lack of economic safety, several
economic crises occurred which creates the decreases in the work opportunities. The
safety needs are included in the preference of job security and need to protect the
individual from the several factors involved in the safety of the business environment
(Healy, 2016). The safety needs include personal security, financial security, health
security and much more another security purpose.
 Social needs

Behavior 8
After satisfaction of the physiological and safety needs is fulfilled, the social needs are
included as the third level of needs and this includes the feelings of belongingness. This
need is mainly required in childhood and needs for safety as witnessed. The decreasing of
these needs is included due to the neglect, hospitalism and many more. Friendship,
intimacy and family include these needs. The social groups are involved in the overall
process of the social needs and this can make several connections among the people and
society.
 Esteem needs
The ego needs are included in the esteem needs. The ego and status of the people are
included in these needs. This need includes status, importance and respect from other
people (Noltemeyer, et al., 2012). As per the information, it has been analyzed that many
humans need respect from others and this is included in the process of self-esteem. The
decreasing processes in the self-esteem imbalances the system of hierarchy. Most of the
humans have requirements to get stability and respect from others. Self-esteem is very
necessary for the overall hierarchy of needs.
 Self-Actualization
This includes the particular quotation that what a man can be, he must be. This included
the need for self-actualization. The potential is realized in this need. This need includes
the desire of the person that he needs to complete as per his or her potential. This need is
also called the value-based system and includes the role of motivation in the overall
process (Lazaroiu, 2015). This need includes the systematic process and the goals need to
be achieved as per the needs. Self-Actualization includes parenting, pursuing goals, mate
acquisition, developing abilities and developing of traits in humans.
Real world examples related to this theory is the leaders of the organization used this theory of
motivation to maintain the organizational culture in the business. The hofstede model defines the
various aspects of the organization culture to motivate the employees. Mary Bara, the CEO of
general motors uses this motivation theory as they satisfy the needs of the employees so they

Behavior 9
improve their dedication. This leader fulfills the needs of employees like safety needs,
psychological needs and social needs.

Behavior 10
Hertzberg Theory
The Hertzberg theory is called two-factor theory, which includes certain factors of the
organization that increase job satisfaction and separate the set of factors related to the
dissatisfaction. All the factors are independent with each other (Matei and Abrudan, 2016). This
is called two- factor theory because it includes all the factors related to the motivation. This is
used to motivate the employees effectively. This theory is also known as the motivation-hygiene
theory and used for the motivation of the employees. It increases job satisfaction among the
several employees of the organizational environment. As per the theory, job satisfaction depends
on the two factors that are the factor of satisfaction and the factor of dissatisfaction (Pegler,
2012). Satisfaction relates with the motivators and dissatisfaction relates to the hygiene factors.
Satisfaction factor included the performance, responsibility, opportunities and growth of the
employees. Dissatisfaction factor includes salary, secondary working conditions and the relations
with the colleagues (Worlu and Chidozie, 2012). The relationship between supervisor and
employee is included. This theory included the claims of the factors. Satisfaction and
dissatisfaction are not opposite each other. The satisfaction and dissatisfaction are included as
important factors of the motivation.
The two factors Job dissatisfaction and job satisfaction are included several internal factors. Job
dissatisfaction influenced by the hygiene factors like working conditions polices and rules,
supervisor quality, relationship with the coworkers and wages and salary. The motivation
increases by job satisfaction and improves hygiene factors to decrease job dissatisfaction (Jost
and Amodio, 2012). The job satisfaction is also important to factor, which is greatly influenced
by the motivation factors. The motivation factors are achievement, recognition, advancement,
personal growth and responsibility.
The four combinations included in the process of motivation theory:
 High hygiene and high motivation
This is the ideal situation and employee get motivated and does not have any complaints.
This shows that both factors are high and used to motivate the employees.
 High hygiene and low motivation

Behavior 11
This includes high hygiene and low motivation. The complaints of the employee are few
and they are not motivated. This shows the high hygiene and low motivation process.
 Low hygiene and high motivation
This includes low hygiene and high motivation. The two factors are opposite to each
other. This shows that employee is motivated but the role f job in an organization is
challenging as they have several complaints related to the salary and conditions of work.
 Low hygiene and low motivation
This is the very worst situation included in this theory where the employee is not even
motivated and have many complaints regarding their work.
The two-factor theory needs to apply in the organization so that organization and managers
manage their best performance. The organization used this theory to motivate the employees and
increase their satisfaction in the organizational environment. The hygiene factors and motivation
factors both are important in this theory so the organizational managers need to use both the
factors in business for the better work performance of the employees (Kopelman, et al., 2012).
This theory increases the level of business and work opportunities for employees.
Real world examples related to this theory is the leaders of the organization used this theory of
motivation to maintain the organizational culture in the business. The hofstede model defines the
various aspects of the organization culture to motivate the employees. Jeff Bezos, the CEO of
Amazon uses this motivation theory as they maintain the hygiene in the organization and
improves the satisfaction of the employees. With the proper satisfaction, employees doing work
willingly and improves the overall aspects of the organization. This leader maintains the proper
satisfaction among the employees.

Behavior 12
McGregor’s Theory of motivation
The McGregor suggests the theory X and theory Y that is why it is called McGregor theory of
motivation. This theory is also used to motivate the employees in the organizational environment
and make a business successful in the process. This is used to make great satisfaction among the
employees and increase several opportunities in the business environment (Lawter, et al., 2015).
This theory is related to the managers and heir process to motivate the employees. This theory
helps several business managers to motivate their people and increase the growth of the business.
Theory X and Theory Y also change the management style of the manager so that the business
gets immense growth.
This theory includes two management styles which are theory x includes authoritarian and theory
Y includes participative. If the managers noticed that employee, cannot like the work and
demotivate with their work so they need to use the authoritarian style of management. This
theory is very useful in managing the employees and achieving the goals and objectives of the
organization. This theory is hands-on and noticed all the properties that work is done properly or
not. Theory Y is a participative style of management and it shows that managers noticed that
people take pride in the work and assumes the work as a big challenge so they need to adopt the
participative style of management. The trust is very important in this process and the motivation
is needed to achieve at a particular point. This theory gives a large impact on the motivation
process and increases the overall growth of the business (Gurubuz, et al., 2014). Therefore,
managers need to understand all the perceptions of the management style. The assumptions are
included in the theory x that people are unmotivated and need efforts to increase their
motivation.
Theory X includes the authoritarian style of management and this theory assumes that workers
dislike the work, avoid responsibilities and need to supervise every step of organization. Several
processes of managers are included in this process. Nowadays many big organizations adopt this
theory to motivate the employees and increase the growth of the business.
The mangers adopted in the theory Y are optimistic and positive opinion towards the people.
This opinion includes the participative style of management. The several relations included in the
trust-basedd relation among managers and team members. The manager’s uses this style of